• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

At present, Cadastral map of 2 dimensional is in the stream of changing it to 3 dimensional type supported by GPS and laser techniques. In addition, this steam can be explained at the same time with improvement of equipment of storing much information, support of equipment for imaginative 3D spatial information, and support of equipment of expressing land in 3D Cadastral. This study suggest to apply airborne lidar survey technique on cadastral map to acquire comparably and quickly detailed height of ground. For doing this, this study checked out credibility regarding accuracy of airborne lider survey. After choosing research area, this study has done the airborne lidar survey and acquire the result after surveying Cadastral Comparison Point to check out the accuracy of acquired results. In addition, this study check out the result of Cadastral Comparison Point and airborne lidar survey applied by paired sample t-test based on actual results. The result is that test statistics is 0.322 which is 5 % similar level and null hypothesis cannot be rejected, so this study found out that result of both survey ways are the same. Therefore, the result of airborne lidar survey can be utilized to build up 3D Cadastral information hereafter.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

The purposes of the study were to explore differences in preference for clothing images according to wearing situations and clothing product involvement. A questionnaire was developed by the researcher and was collected by 101 men and 100 women aged between 40 and 59. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, repeated measure ANOVA, t-test adjusted by Bonferroni, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. The results of the study showed that clothing images were classified into five factors including hard cold image, modern urban image, bold unique image, and heavy luxurious image. There were significant differences in preference among clothing images according to wearing situations and clothing product involvement. While modern urbane image was most preferred, hard cold image was least preferred in both formal and informal wearing situations, and for either high or low involvement clothing products. Also, there were significant differences in clothing image preference according to wearing situations and product involvement. In formal situations, stronger preference for modern urban image and heavy luxurious image showed than in informal situations, and bold unique image and heavy luxurious image were more preferred for high involvement clothing product than for low involvement clothing product. In addition, there were significant differences in preferences for clothing images between groups according to gender and age. In both formal and informal situations, men showed stronger preferences than women for hard cold image, but women for bold unique image. For either high or low involvement clothing products, men preferred hard cold image, modern urban image and heavy luxurious image more than women, but women preferred bold unique image more than men. Lastly, for high involvement clothing product, subjects aged fifties showed stronger preferences than forties for modern urban image and heavy luxurious image, but for low involvement clothing product, modern urban image was more preferred.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.364-375
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the differences between married women's dissatisfaction towards imported and domestic clothing and to test the role of socioeconomic variables on dissatisfaction. Two-piece formal suit was selected as the item, and country of origin of imported suit was not controlled. Sample selection criteria included married women living in Seoul, Korea, between ages 30-59. The data were analysed using factor analysis, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results indicate, in the Korean clothing market, both international and Korean marketers should be prudent with their price policies and should implement differentiated marketing strategy based on their target market's demogrophic profile. Higher dissatisfaction towards domestic clothing in terms of most factors, under the rapidly globalizing market environment suggests the Korean marketers will be forced to face full-scale harsh competition from international marketers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.199-212
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to investigate the effects of Seunggaltang on patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : Thirteen patients were treated with Seunggaltang and ten patients were treated with placebo for 8 weeks. We observed skin humidity, skin sebum,, transepidermal water loss, skin melanin, skin erythema, total IgE class and number of allergen. And Clinic Index of Atopic Dermatitis(Extent, Intensity, Subjective symptoms, Total score) was used to evaluate the effects of Seunggaltang. Statistical analysis was performed by using paired sample T-test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(P<0.05). The result were as follows : 1. Statistically, Seunggaltang didn't showed significant effect on skin humidity, skin sebum, skin transepidermal water loss, skin melanin and skin erythema. 2. Statistically, Seunggaltang showed significant effect on Clinic Index of atopic dermatitis. 3. Statistically, Seunggaltang didn't showed significant effect on total IgE class and number of allergen. 4. Before and after treatment, the results of blood test and urinalysis were normal. Conclusion : We speculate that Seunggaltang has some therapeutic effects in mitigating the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

Objectives : We tried to investigate the effects of Carthami Semen(CF) pharmacopuncture and Bovis Calculus Fei Ursi(BU) pharmacopuncture on the heart rate variability(HRV) in adult men. As well as we tried to observe how CF pharmacopuncture and BU pharmacopuncture effect on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 40 healthy volunteers consisted of 20 subjects in CF pharmacopuncture group and 20 subjects in BU pharmacopuncture group respectively. We ruled out subjects whose vital sign isn't in normal range, yet they had taken a rest. The study established by a randomized, single-blind clinical trial. CF pharmacopuncture and BU pharmacopuncture was applied on each group. We measured HRV 7 times : baseline measurement and every 5 minutes for 30 minutes after injection. The SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used to analyze the data by the paired t-test(in group) and Independent sample t-test(between the groups). Results 1. After injection of CF pharmacopuncture, SDNN, Ln(TP), Ln(VLF) and Ln(LF) increased significantly, and Complexity, pNN50 decreased significantly. 2. After injection of BU pharmacopuncture, RMSSD, SDSD and HRV-index increased significantly. Conclusions : We suggest that CF pharmacopuncture activate sympathetic nervous system and BU pharmacopuncture tend to activate the autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This pre-post intervention study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week supervised modified Taekwondo exercise program on the functional fitness of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: 10 participants (mean age: 72.3 ± 4.6 years) completed the program over a 12-week period. The intervention consisted of Taekwondo-based exercises modified for older persons. Changes to functional fitness were measured using the finger-to-nose test, functional reach test, timed up and go test, 30-second sit-to-stand test, 30-second arm curl test, Chester step test, chair sit-and-reach test, and back scratch test. Participants were assessed prior to the training and after the final training session, changes were measured using descriptive statistics and paired sample 't' tests. RESULTS: Effect sizes ranged from small to large (Cohen's d = .22 to 1.23). The exercise program was well- tolerated by participants, with a high level of engagement and no attrition for the duration of the program. Results showed significant improvements in most measures of functional fitness (p < .05) except for the back scratch test (p = .051). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a well-designed, supervised, modified Taekwondo exercise program can significantly improve functional fitness in older adults.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.637-646
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• 2021

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of access to finance on the different dimensions of poverty. To achieve the objectives of the study, the participants/beneficiaries of the Mudra scheme were included and sample of target respondents was extracted through multistage random sampling technique. The sample for the study was taken from the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir of India. The study further utilized secondary data from the government official websites and lead banks. A paired t-test was applied to test the impact of access to finance across the various dimensions of poverty by constructing the Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI), after checking the normality of the data. MPI incorporates dimensions such as education, health, and standard of living.The finding of the study revealed that dimensions of poverty responded positively to access to finance. The study shows that larger access to finance has helped in reducing the multidimensional poverty by having moderate, but positive impact on the standard of living, health, and education, thereby improving the lives of the poor. The present study identified that the level of impact of access to finance is moderate and further explains its importance for policy implications.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

Objective: To determine the changes in dental anxiety, state anxiety, and trait anxiety levels of patients and their parents after 3 months of active orthodontic treatment. Methods: We evaluated 120 patients and one parent of each patient. State Anxiety (STAI-S), Trait Anxiety (STAI-T), and Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) were administered before orthodontic treatment (T1) and after 3 months of treatment (T2). Differences in scores between T1 and T2 were compared using paired-sample t-tests and the relationship between the scores of the DAS and the STAI were analyzed using a bivariate two-tailed Pearson correlation test. Results: Dental anxiety and state anxiety levels decreased among the patients after adjustment to orthodontic treatment (p < 0.001). However, 3 months of treatment was not sufficient to decrease the anxiety levels of parents (p > 0.05). Patient trait anxiety affected patient state anxiety and dental anxiety (p < 0.01). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between patient dental anxiety and parent dental anxiety (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dental anxiety and state anxiety levels decrease after patients become familiar with their orthodontist and they became accustomed to orthodontic treatment. However, 3 months is not a sufficient length of time to decrease parental anxiety levels.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1475-1488
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• 2020

This is a quasi-experimental study with one-group pretest-posttest design to investigate the effect of dementia club activities on college life satisfaction, dementia knowledge, and dementia attitude in nursing students. The subjects were 26 nursing students who participated in club activities for more than three hours per a week. The college life satisfaction was measured using School Life Satisfaction Scale and dementia knowledge was measuring using Questionnaire for Awareness of Dementia used in dementia prevalence survey. Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) was used to measure dementia attitude. The tests were performed before and after club activity, and collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test. The results showed that the scores of college life satisfaction (t=-2.38, p= .025), dementia knowledge (t=-5.56, p< .001), dementia attitude social comfort that evaluate emotion, behavior, and awareness about dementia (t=-4.50, p< .001), dementia attitude dementia knowledge (t=-2.59, p= .016), and dementia attitude total score (t=-4.20, p< .001) increased statistically significantly after club activity. It is concluded, based on the results, that the club activities in college improve college life satisfaction, dementia knowledge, and dementia attitude thus provide contribute to caring for patients with dementia. The replication studies with larger random samples, however, are necessary to confirm the findings obtained from this study.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.895-904
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• 2012

This study aims to examine the effects of a 12-week compound exercise program (aerobic exercise+weight training) on obese middle school girls' leptin and insulin before and after the exercise. This is achieved by dividing obese middle school girls whose body fat percentage is over 30% into a compound exercise group (n=20) and a control group (n=20) and conducting comparative analysis on them.After the Shapiro-Wilk normality test of the variables, a two-sample t-test was performed to see if the variables have the same mean between the compound exercise and control groups. A paired t-test was also performed to see if the changes in the variables before and after the compound exercise program were statistically significant. For all the statistical analysis, the significance level was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. The results of this study showed the leptin and insulin levels in the combined exercise group had been significantly decreased. The regular 12 weeks of combined exercise is considered to have a positive impact on leptin and insulin levels in obese schoolgirls.