• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to analyze the work clothes' clothing comfort and wearer mobility of painting workers with the consideration of the work environment features in the machine and shipbuilding industries in South Korea. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the study, which consisted of questions on the clothing comfort and wearer mobility aspects of painting work clothes by clothes types and body parts. The work clothes' clothing comfort and wearer mobility levels were scaled in 5 points i.e. 1(: very tight/very uncomfortable) to 5(: very slack/very comfortable). The painting work environmental hazardous features were considered as high impact levels of workplace temperature, oxygen deficiency, organic solvent, toxic gas factors while metal fragment factor only impacts 'low' in the painting processes with the findings throughout this study. Since the painting work consisted of surface washing and the spray and touch-up painting processes, which was carried out in an outdoor work place, the painting work clothes should meet high performance of waterproofing from the painting material and air permeability specially in summer as well as thermal performance in winter. The subjects painting workers' assessment of the existing work clothes' clothing oppression was in the levels between 3 (i.e. moderate) and 4 (i.e. comfortable) in a range of 1 to 5 points. The existing painting work clothes' wearer mobility was evaluated 'very uncomfortable' in all work clothes parts, especially, armhole length, biacromial breadth, sleeve length of the jumper; and body rise, waist, hip, thigh and knee circumferences of the pants.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Recently, a re-painting robot was developed to semi-automatically conduct blasting work in bridge spaces to improve work productivity and worker safety. In this study, a vision sensor-based monitoring module was developed to automatically move the re-painting robot along the path. The monitoring module provides direction information to the robot by analyzing the boundary between the painting surface and the metal surface. To stably measure images in unstable environments, various techniques for improving image visibility were applied in this study. Then, the driving performance was verified in a similar environment.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2013

Down through the years, human needs and desires have required a robot system to work at hazardous environments instead. Current painting task is costly and laborious, and it exposes workers to significant health and safety risks. Automation system offers potential improvement in this area and is especially well suited to the outer-wall painting tasks in concrete structures. This paper introduces the result of gondola-type building management robot(G-BMR) platform and mechanism for moving/tasking on building outer-wall for the outer-wall painting. Its technical and economic feasibility are conducted, and it is concluded that developing G-BMR is physically and economically feasible in this research. And we discuss about the future of G-BMR and automation in construction field.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.74-92
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the working conditions In construction workers through measurements of working environments and to improve the working conditions and to design the appropriate environmental and health management system. The results of measurement for working environments in construction work are as following: 1. The excess rate of noise and dust concentration in express highway construction, road construction, building construction and interior painting was 28.6% and 24.5% respectively. 2. The excess rate of mixed organic solvents concentration in interior painting was 39.3%. 3. The chain type bulldozer has the highest level of vibration; the excess rate was 85.7%, and among the vibration instruments, the level of left hand's vibration of all vibrators exceeded the criterion and in the case of drilling all the level of vibration exceeded the criterion in both hands. On the basis of the results in this research the environmental and health management system for construction workers must be considered. Therefore, it is necessary to be introduced the special medical examination and measurement of working environments in construction industry. In defining "the working place" of Article 39 of Enforcement regulations of industrial safety and health act, the word "indoors" should be deleted. Then the eligible industry for measurement of working environment must be extended. And it is also necessary for construction industry to be performed group health management service by agencies such as other manufacturing industry.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.695-703
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• 2010

Training is one of the representative application fields of virtual reality technology where users can have virtual experience in a training task and working environment. Widely used in the medical and military fields, virtual-reality-based training systems are also useful in industrial fields, such as the aerospace industry, since they show superiority over real training environments in terms of accessibility, safety, and cost. The shipbuilding industry is known as a labor-intensive industry that demands a lot of skilled workers. In particular, painting jobs in the shipbuilding industry require a continuous supplement of human resources since many workers leave due to the poor working environment. In this paper, the authors present a virtual-reality-based training system for spray painting tasks in the shipbuilding industry. The design issues and implementation details of the training system are described, and also its advantages and shortcomings are discussed based on use cases in actual work fields.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to discuss the importance of job stress and to introduce a model of job stress at the shipbuilding industry considering the characteristics of the shipbuilding works. Background: Shipbuilding works consist of grinding, painting, interior works, welding, and assembling and using heavy equipment in narrow space or work at outside or at high and dangerous places. The working environments aggravate the stress to the workers. Methods: Studies of job stress in industries including shipbuilding industries were reviewed and the characteristics of jobs of shipbuilding were analyzed to find causes of job stress. Results: A model was constructed based upon these findings and reviews. Conclusions: Job stress of shipbuilding workers are very high and thus job and working conditions need to be improved to attenuate the level of job stress of shipbuilding workers. Applications: This model can be used to identify the highly stressed workers and sources of stress.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Background: Construction painters have not been studied well in terms of their hazards exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) for painters in the construction industry. Methods: Activity-specific personal air samplings were carried out in three waterproofing activities [polyurethane (PU), asphalt, and cement mortar] and three painting activities (epoxy, oil based, and water based) by using organic-vapor-monitor passive-sampling devices. Gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector could be used for identifying and quantifying individual organic chemicals. The levels of TVOCs, by summing up 15 targeted substances, were expressed in exposure-index (EI) values. Results: As arithmetic means in the order of concentration levels, the EIs of TVOCs in waterproofing works were 10.77, 2.42, 1.78, 1.68, 0.47, 0.07, and none detected (ND) for indoor PU-primer task, outdoor PU-primer task, outdoor PU-resin task, indoor PU-resin task, asphalt-primer task, asphalt-adhesive task, and cement-mortar task, respectively. The highest EI for painting works was 5.61 for indoor epoxyprimer task, followed by indoor epoxy-resin task (2.03), outdoor oil-based-spray-paint task (1.65), outdoor water-based-paint task (0.66), and indoor oil-based-paint task (0.15). Assuming that the operations were carried out continuously for 8 hours without breaks and by using the arithmetic means of EIs for each of the 12 tasks in this study, 58.3% (7 out of 12) exceeded the exposure limit of 100% (EI > 1.0), while 8.3% (1 out of 12) was in 50e100% of exposure limit (0.5 > EI > 1.0), and 4 tasks out of 12 were located in less than 50% of the limit range (EI < 0.5). Conclusion: From this study, we recognized that construction painters are exposed to various solvents, including carcinogens and reproductive toxins, and the levels of TVOC concentration in many of the painting tasks exceeded the exposure limits. Construction workers need to be protected from chemical agents during their painting works by using personal protective devices and/or work practice measures. Additional studies should focus on the exposure assessment of other hazards for construction workers, in order to identify high-risk tasks and to improve hazardous work environments.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2012

In consideration of the injuries and deaths occurring at manufacturing sites due to the use of inappropriate work clothes or safety devices, this study aims to categorize manufacturing work processes to develop functional work clothes for heavy industries including the automobile, machine and shipbuilding industries in South Korea. Defining the features of the work environments and work postures of these industries provided for a categorization of the work processes which would enable the development of suitable work clothes for each work process' category. The results of the study based on a questionnaire survey are as follows: Work process category 1, including steel panel pressing and auto body assembly, final inspection (in automobile) and inspection (in machine), requires work clothes with upper body and arm mobility and performance to protect from the toxic fume factor. Work process category 2, consisting of welding (in automobile), cutting-and-forming (in machine) and attachment-and-construction (in shipbuilding), requires clothing elasticity, durability and heat and fire resistance. Work process category 3 comprising welding and grinding in the machine and shipbuilding industries, requires work clothes' tear resistance and elasticity, particularly for lateral bending mobility, and work clothes' sleeves' and pants' hemlines with sealed designs to defend against iron filing penetration, as well as incombustible and heat-resistant material performance. Finally, work process category 4, including painting in machine and shipbuilding, requires work clothes with waterproofing, air permeability, thermal performance, elasticity, durability and abrasion resistance.

• 월간산업보건
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• 통권8호
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• pp.4-30
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• 1988

Examination of working environments was conducted to get more detailed data about harmful working environments and to make a contribution to more effective management. Study was carried out on 722 factories located in Taegu city and eight counties in Kyungpook Province, Korea, for a period of one year, from February 1 to December 30, 1986. The total number and proportion of workers exposed to harmful material was 37,697, 45.2% among 83,368 workers. The results according to exposed material were as follows: 1. In the case of noise, proportion of exceeding the 8-hour TLV was 59%, Included were nail-cutting in assembly metal manufacturing industry and weaving process in textile. 2. Dust in mill process of coal manufacturing industries exceeded the TLV of second class of dust at all parts and exceeded the TLV at 6% as a whole.: 3. The fields of industry lower than 70 lux of illumination were storage equipment of food, auto-winder of textile, painting of wood wares and coal mixing, and 44% of all cases was lower than standard. 4. As a result of temperature index investigation(WBGT), about 12% of all sujects exceeded limit value. Included parts were rolling machine and reducing room. 5. In the case of organic solvents, TLV was exceeded at about 8%, The parts exceeded TLV according to materials belonged to this category were as follows. 1) Toluene: adhesive work in assembly metal manufacturing 2) Xylene: printing and paint mixing in chemical manufacturing 3) Methyl ethytl ketone: paint mixing in all parts examined and coating machine partially in chemical manufacturing 4) Methyl isobutyl ketone: printing in chemical manufacturing 5) Acetone: vapor polishing in assembly metal manufacturing 6. Among specified chemical materials, the concentration of HC1 in the air in metal assembly manufacturing factory exceeded TLV. in one of three assembly metal manufacturing examined. Others, such as benzene, acetic acid, formic acid, sodium hydroxide, formalin, ammonia, copper, chromate etc. were lower than TLV in its indoor atmospheric concentration. As a whole, the proportion of exceeding TLV was about 0.8% 7. The concentrations of inorganic lead were lower than TLV in all parts examined. The results of this investigation show the fact that current management of working environments is not satisfactory, and so more active management is needed.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

본 논문은 국내 조선산업의 요양 재해 현황에 나타난 미숙련 기술인력들의 높은 재해 발생률을 낮추기 위한 방안으로 XR(Extended reality) 기술을 활용한 훈련 콘텐츠 도입의 필요성을 윈치를 활용한 케이블 포설을 중심으로 제시하였다. 국내 조선산업의 요양재해율은 타 제조업에 비해 평균 97.4%(2017~2020)나 높았으며, 특히 조선산업요양 재해의 31.8% 이상이 근속 기간 6개월 미만의 근로자들에게 발생하여 이는 신규입사자들이 업무에 대한 정보 부족과 미숙련도 및 작업환경에 익숙하지 못한 것이 그 원인으로 보인다. 최근 조선산업은 경기 회복으로 많은 신규인력이 유입되고 있으며, 이로 인해 재해 발생률이 높아질 가능성이 있다. 이런 점은 단기간에 신규인력들을 작업환경에 익숙해지는 데 도움이 되는 훈련방법을 도입할 필요가 있음을 말해준다. 국내 조선소의 교육훈련은 용접, 도장, 기계설치, 전기설치 등 특정 기술의 숙련에 치우쳐 있으며 작업환경에 익숙해질 수 있는 훈련은 작업용 2D 도면을 이용하여 선박 건조방법 등을 설명하는 단편적인 교육에 머무르고 있다. 이러한 이유로 현장에서는 다시 OJT(On-the-Job Traning)를 반복 실시하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 XR 기술을 활용한 훈련의 도입을 제안하고 구체적인 예로 Unity로 선박에서 윈치를 활용한 케이블 포설(Pulling) 작업 과정을 XR 기반 훈련 콘텐츠로 구현하였다. 개발된 콘텐츠를 활용하면 신규작업자들이 가상공간에서 시뮬레이션을 통해 실제 작업 과정을 미리 경험하고, 이를 통해 신규인력이 작업환경에 익숙해지는 데 도움을 줄 수 있는 보다 효과적인 훈련 콘텐츠가 될 수 있음을 예증하였다.