• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 2012

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract were examined in ICR mice. $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract administered orally (200 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. In addition, $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract attenuated the writhing numbers in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Furthermore, the cumulative nociceptive response time for intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P (0.7 ${\mu}g$) was diminished by $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with yohimbine (${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract in the writhing test. However, naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) or methysergide (5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract in the writhing test. Our results suggest that $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect of $Agrimonia$ $pilosa$ $Ledeb$ extract may be mediated by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor, but not opioidergic and serotonergic receptors.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the factor that might affect mandibualr body rotation. For the study, 115 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 35 dental students without angy signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected as the patient group and the contreol group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle' classification, lateral guidance pattern, and affected side were clinically recorded, and the amount of Mandibular body rotational torque movement was measured in wide opening and closure, in right and left excursion with vertical and lateral distance in frontal plane, right and left rotational angel in horizontal and in frontal plane. Masticatory muscle activity of anteriorocclusal contact pattern on maximal hard biting were also observed synchronously with BioEMG and T-Scan , respectively. The observed items were muscle activity of anterior temporalis and superficial masseter, and tooth contact status related to contact number, force, duration, and occlusal unbalance between right and left arch. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mean value of vertical distance in frontal plane in wide opening and closure was more in control subjects than in patients, but there was no difference for rotational angle. In right excursion, rotational angles were greater in patient group than in control group. 2. Comparison among the subjects by preferred chewing side did not reveal any significant difference, but comparison among patients by affected side showed more rotational amount in bilaterally affected patients than in unilaterally affected patients. 3. Comparison among the subjects by Angle's classification or lateral guidance pattern revealed no difference. There was also no difference between preferred chewing side and contralateral side, and between affected side and contralateral side. 4. Positive correlation in madibular rotational torque movements were observed among vertical distance, total horizontal rotation angle, electromyographic activity of anterior temporalis, tooth contact number, and tooth contact force but total frontal rotation angle almost did not show any correlation with other variables except vertical distance.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 1995

The growth and synthetic activities of fibroblasts are regulated by cytokines and growth factors derived from activated inflammatory cells. Stimulatory effect of low level laser (LLL) radiation on wound healing seems to be in part due to direct stimulatory action on cell proliferation and synthetic activities of fibroblasts. Also indirect stimulatory effect on the fibroblast function through inflammatory or immune cells is another possible mechanism of biostimulatory action of LLL. This study was performed to determine the growth rate of human gingival fibroblasts obtained biopsy and culture, fibroblast cell line, and immune cell line by using $[^3H]-$ thymidine incorporation test. And gene expression pattern was also analyzed by using the DNA probe such as Hsp70, IL-1$\beta$, MIP-1$\alpha$ and actin cDNA. Proliferation rate of gingival fibroblast was increased by LLL irradiation, but no more effect was added by LPS or IL-1$\beta$ pretreatment Enhanced Hsp70 gene expression was found from gingival fibroblasts and fibroblast cell line COS by LLL irradiation., which was not more increased by LPS or IL-1$\beta$ pretreatment. LLL-irradiated promyelcytic cell line HL-60 and macrophage cell line RAW264.7 showed significant stimulatory effect of proliferation rate when compared with respective control. However there were no changes in growth rate of other immune cell tested in this study, such as B cell line WR19n.l and 230, helper T cell line Jurkat and Hut78, cytolytic T cell line CTLL-r8. By LLL-irradiation Hsp70 gene expression was increased in RAW246.7 and HL-60, not in CTLL-R8. And IL-1$\beta$ and MIP-1$\alpha$ gene expression were induced only from LLL-irradiated RAW264.7. These results led us to presume that LLL radiation may affect to the immune cells, especially to macrophage, through which it might promote wound healing process.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2016

Purpose: It has been reported that xylitol and sorbitol affect antifungal activities by enhancing antimicrobial activities of other substances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct candidacidal activities of xylitol and sorbitol at a wide range of concentration. Methods: Xylitol and sorbitol solubilized with simulated salivary buffer at a range of $0.8{\mu}M$ to 1.05 M were used. Candida albicans strains, ATCC strains 10231, 11006, and 18804 were used for the candidacidal assay. The candidacidal activities of xylitol and sorbitol were determined by comparing the numbers of colony forming units between in the presence and absence of xylitol or sorbitol and calculating the percent loss of cell viability. Results: There were some differences in the candidacidal activities according to the types of sugar alcohols and C. albicans strains. The candidacidal activity of more than 10% was observed when a final concentration of 32.9 mM in xylitol or sorbitol was maintained and that of about 20% was observed when a final concentration of 131 mM was maintained. Even at a high concentration of 1.05 M, the candidacidal activity of xylitol or sorbitol was about 20%. Conclusions: Xylitol and sorbitol at the concentrations used in commercial oral health care products had some levels of candidacidal activities.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and radiological results of the all-arthroscopic, suture-button fixation technique to treat acute acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations. Methods: All patients with acute AC joint separations received all-arthroscopic, single suture-button (TightRope) procedure without a special guide. Postoperative Constant score (CS), pain level according to visual analogue scale, and range of motion (ROM) were evaluated. For radiological evaluation, coracoclavicular distances were measured bilaterally. Results: Between December 2010 and June 2012, 18 consecutive patients (4 women and 14 men; mean age, 29.3 years) with acute AC joint separations underwent surgical treatment after 6.4 days (range, 2-20 days) following the initial trauma. The average postoperative follow-up was 16.9 months. The mean CS was 92.4 (range, 84-96). The mean external rotation, forward flexion, and abduction were $75.8^{\circ}$ (range, $50^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$), $170^{\circ}$ (range, $150^{\circ}-180^{\circ}$), and $163.8^{\circ}$ (range, $140^{\circ}-180^{\circ}$), respectively. Five patients exhibited coracoclavicular ossifications. In two patients, superficial wound infections were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy. In one patient, a coracoid fracture was observed. No significant differences were found regarding pain, ROM, or strength parameters between both sides. The coracoclavicular distance was discovered to be approximately 2.8 mm greater on the affected side; however, this minimal reduction loss did not affect the functional results. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggests that all-arthroscopic treatment of AC joint separations using the single suture-button technique without a drill guide is safe, yielding good to excellent clinical results.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2013

Osteochondroma is a benign neoplasm, osseous projection surrounded with cartilage, 35.8% of benign osseous tumor, 8.5% of whole osseous tumor and usually arises from the skeletal bone. Osteochondroma is a cartilaginous derivation and relatively uncommon in the craniofacial bone. Osteochondroma of the mandible has slow growth rates which mainly affect women around forty years of age and it can appear through the coronoid process and mandibular condyle, especially in the medial half. Clinical finding associated with osteochondroma of condyle are primarily a palpable, painless temporomandibular area mass with facial asymmetry, malocclusion and midline deviations. Sometimes pain and dysfunction like trismus often accompany the anatomic derangement. Other features include malocclusion with open-bite on the affected side and cross-bite on the contralateral side. In this study, a 45-years old female patient exhibits pain on the left temporo-mandibular joint area and malocclusion due to loss of the molar region with osteochondroma on the top left of her mandibular condyle head. The patient is able to recover gradually from the symptom through treatments on manipulation, stabilization splint, arthroscopic lavage and surgical excision, thus, this is reported as a clinical case.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.821-830
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the factors that affect the school-based oral health education in adolescents. Methods: This study was analyzed using data from the Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey in 2017. A total of 62,276 adolescents participated. The collected data was analyzed using the chi-square test, and logistic regression using SPSS, version 21.0. Results: Among the general factors related to oral health education in schools, male students experienced 1.14 times more oral health education in schools compared to female students, and middle school students experienced 1.81 times more oral health education than other students (p<0.001). With respect to oral health status, the groups without tooth fractures, pain during mastication, or gum pain and bleeding experienced 1.18 times, 0.95 times, and 1.03 times more oral health education in schools, respectively, compared to the group with complaints (p<0.001)(p<0.05). With respect to oral heath behavior, the group that brushed after lunch 'sometimes' during the last seven days received 1.43 times more oral health education compared to the group that 'always'brushed after lunch. Conclusions: It is necessary to supplement, extend, and strengthen oral health education programs in schools as well as motivate and recognize such programs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.285-289
• /
• 2010

In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract were examined in ICR mice. The $Campanula$ $punctata$ contain a large dose of saponin. $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract administered orally (200 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect as measured by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. In addition, $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract attenuated the writhing numbers in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Furthermore, the cumulative nociceptive response time for intrathecal (i.t.) injection of substance P ($0.7{\mu}g$) was diminished by $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with yohimbine (${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract in the writhing test. However, naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) or methysergide (5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception induced by $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract in the writhing test. Our results suggest that $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect of $Campanula$ $punctata$ extract may be mediated by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic receptor, but not opioidergic and serotonergic receptors.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2018

Conventional drug delivery methods mainly include subcutaneous injection and oral administration. Subcutaneous injection has the advantages of delivering the correct concentration, but it might cause pain and trauma to patients. Although oral administrations do not accompany pain as the subcutaneous injection, unexpected side effects may occur because they undergo digestion process and it is not easy for many drugs to be exposed to targeted sites with proper concentration. While dissolving microneedles have been extensively studied to overcome the limitations of conventional subcutaneous injection, the effects on microneedle shapes for drug release have not been fully explored. In this study, the characteristics of hyaluronic acid microneedles for cone and quadrangular pyramidal shapes were examined by the size, volume, contact surface area, skin permeability, and dissolution rate. As a result, the cone shapes of hyaluronic acid microneedles had high skin permeability, and the quadrangular pyramid of shapes hyaluronic acid microneedles showed a fast dissolution rate, given by the large contact area on the skin. Based on the results, we could confirm that the shape of a dissolving microneedles can affect skin permeability and the drug delivery rate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2020

Purpose : Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) is often accompanied by pain and limited range of motion of the jaw joint, which affect patients' quality of life and result in hypertrophy or hyperactivity of the muscles around the jaw joint. In this study, we compared the muscle thickness and tone of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles and the jaw range of motion in individuals with and without TMJD. Correlation comparison was performed on the results of the TMJD group. Methods : This study included 40 patients; 20 patients were assigned to an experimental group (TMJD group) and 20 to a control group (non-TMJD group). Ultrasonography, myotonometry, and measurements performed with digital Vernier calipers were used to determine the changes in muscle thickness, muscle tone, and maximum jaw opening, respectively. The independent t-test was used for intergroup comparison of data, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to compare correlations in the TMJD group results. Results : We observed a significant intergroup difference in the masseter and SCM thickness during the relaxed and clenched phases (p<.05). A significant intergroup difference was also observed in maximum jaw opening (p<.05). With regard to muscle tone, we observed a significant intergroup difference in frequency (p=.011) and stiffness (p=.011) of the masseter, as well as in the frequency (p=.009) and stiffness (p=.026) of the SCM. We observed a moderate negative correlation (r=-.524) between maximum jaw opening and the frequency of the masseter. Additionally, we observed a moderately negative correlation between jaw opening and muscle stiffness (r=-.321). Conclusion : Planning exercise programs to treat patients with TMJD who present with pain should focus on efforts to reduce muscle thickness and achieve muscle relaxation (to reduce muscle tension) for improved jaw range of motion.