• 제목/요약/키워드: packing

검색결과 1,972건 처리시간 0.027초

The Critical Pigment Volume Concentration Concept for Paper Coatings: II. Later-Bound Clay; Ground Calcium Carbonate, and Clay- carbonate Pigment Coatings

  • Lee, Do-Ik
    • 펄프종이기술
    • /
    • 제34권5호
    • /
    • pp.18-38
    • /
    • 2002
  • A previous study on the model coatings based on latex-bound plastic pigment coatings (1) has been extended to latex-bound No. 1 clay, ultra-fine ground calcium carbonate (UFGCC), and clay-carbonate pigment mixture coatings, which are being widely used in the paper industry. The latex binder used was a good film-forming, monodisperse S/B latex or 0.15$\mu\textrm{m}$. No. 1 clay was representative of plate-like pigment particles, whereas UFGCC was of somewhat rounded rhombohedral pigment particlel. Both of them had negatively skewed triangular particle size distributions having the mean particle suet of 0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Their packing volumes were found to be 62.5% and 657%, respectively. while their critical pigment volume concentrations (CPVC's) were determined to be 52.7% and 50.5% ( average of 45% caused by the incompatibility and 55.9% extrapolated) by coating porosity, respectively. Each pigment/latex coating system has shown its unique relationship between coating properties and pigment concentrations, especially above its CPVC. Notably, the clay/latex coating system hat shown higher coating porosity than the UFGCC/latex system at high pigment concentrations above their respective CPVC's. It was also found that their coating porosity and gloss were inter-related to each other above the CPVC's, as predicted by the theory. More interestingly, the blends of these two pigments have shown unique rheological and coating properties which may explain why such pigment blends are widely used in the industry. These findings have suggested that the unique structure of clay coatings and the unique high-shear rheology of ground calcium carbonate coatings can be judiciously combined to achieve superior coatings. Importantly, the low-shear viscosity of the blends was indicative of their unique packing and coating structure, whereas their high-shear rheology was represented by a common mixing rule, i.e., a viscosity-averaging. Transmission and scanning electron and atomic force microscopes were used to probe the state of pigment / latex dispersions, coating surfaces, freeze fractured coating cross-sections, and coating surface topography. These microscopic studies complemented the above observations. In addition, the ratio, R, of CPVC/(Pigment Packing Volume) has been proposed as a measure of the binder efficiency for a given pigment or pigment mixtures or as a measure of binder-pigment interactions. Also, a mathematical model has been proposed to estimate the packing volumes of clay and ground calcium carbonate pigments with their respective particle size distributions. As well known in the particle packing, the narrower the particle size distributions, the lower the packing volumes and the greater the coating porosity, regardless of particle shapes.

한라 설문대 속살(內肉)과 혼(魂):생명주(生明紬)에서 세명주(細明紬)로 (The Halla Seolmundae Inner Body and Soul: From The DNA Silk To The Packing DNA Thin Silk)

  • 김정수;이성국;이문호
    • 문화기술의 융합
    • /
    • 제8권4호
    • /
    • pp.219-225
    • /
    • 2022
  • 1950m한라산의 백록담이 머리이고 산능선이 몸체인 1950m의 장신에 여신이 바로 설문대할망이다. 제주에 설문대할망은 제주대대로 내려오는 천지창조 토속신앙으로 마치 중국의 월하노인이나 우리나라 민속신앙인 삼신할머니이다. 내륙과 달리 모계사회였던 제주의 풍습에서 여성성을 가진 설문대할망은 제주에서 절대적 신앙으로 발전하였고 어찌보면 그럴 수밖에 없다는 점을 은유(隱喩)하고 있다. 설문대할망은 제주민들로서는 가장 큰 문제는 육지와의 단절을 정신적으로나마 해결해줄 수 있는 유일한 대상이었다. 즉 설문대할망은 거대한 존재이자 물리적인 상징인 한라산의 신, 명주실 100통에서 한통이 모자라 설문대할망의 속옷을 못 만들어줬다. 따라서 육지와 제주를 잇는 다리를 세명주 할망은 포기했다. 본 논문에서는 겨울 눈덮인 한라산이 일상에서 늘상 사용하는 명주실 실타래와 같다는 점에 착안, 설문대 어원은 가는 명주 실타래인 생명주-세명주로 변천됐고 그 근거로 표선면 해안가 '한모살' 할망당 세명주 신당(神堂)인 '세명주'에 명주 실타래 올리는 풍속을 들었다. 명주 실타래는 Packing DNA 유전자의 속살이다. 설문대할망이나 하얀 명주실에서 발견한 한라산의 정상, 아흔아홉계곡, 오백장군 등은 제주의 상징을 표현했다. Packing DNA 유전자는 제주의 묘의 산담과 정낭에 기원됨을 밝혀 영국 Intechopen 저널 2022.6월호에 밝혔다.

THE CENTERED-NET MEASURES AND THEIR REGULAR SETS

  • T. H;S. P;H. H
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.673-683
    • /
    • 2000
  • We define the centered-net covering and the centered-net parking measure and then show that the regular sets induced by the two centered measures are equal for $C{\frac}{\delta}{R}$ almost everywhere.

HQEE-based PU의 미세구조 및 특성 (Microstructure and properties of HQEE-based PU)

  • 이정상;이한섭
    • 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
    • /
    • pp.350-351
    • /
    • 2003
  • Polyurethane은 물리적, 화학적 성질이 매우 다른 두 segment(hard/soft)로 이루어진 block copolymer로서 hard segment의 화학적 구조가 hard segment의 packing정도에 영향을 미쳐, PU의 미세상분리 현상을 결정하며 결과적으로 PU의 물리적 성질에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다$^1$. 본 연구에서는 hard segment의 packing을 향상시켜 PU은 열적 기계적 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 방향족환으로 구성되어 있어 aromatic diol의 일종인 hydroxyquinone-di-(beta-hydroxyl)ether(HQEE)를 chain extender로 사용하여 PU를 합성하였다. (중략)

  • PDF

분산계 특성이 질화규소 미분의 과립특성 및 충진거동에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Suspension Property on Granule Characteristics and Compaction Behavior of Fine Si3Na4 Powder)

  • 이해원;오성록
    • 한국세라믹학회지
    • /
    • 제32권4호
    • /
    • pp.462-470
    • /
    • 1995
  • The characteristics of spray-dried granules are important for dry pressing operation since they have great influences on die-filling, compaction ratio, and resulting green microstructure. An attempt was made to control granule morphology and the packing structure of fine Si3N4 particles in granules by adjusting suspension property. Mercury porosimetry was used to characterize the pore structures of both granules and green compacts. Finally, the effects of particle packing structure in granules and green microstructure on sintering behavior were investigated.

  • PDF

담체변화에 따른 Labscale 바이오필터의 성능 실험 (Operation of Biofilters with Different Packing Material - development of media and biological parameters for optimal odor treatment process in a biofilter)

  • Daechul Cho;Sung Hyun Kwon
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제4권3호
    • /
    • pp.236-241
    • /
    • 2003
  • 산업체 발생 VOC를 효과적으로 처리하는 Biofilter 시스템을 고안하였다. 재질과 다공성이 다른 3기의 시스템으로부터 황화수소, 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌의 단일성분과 복합성분계의 성능을 고찰하였다 저 pH Biofilter(pH 2-3)의 장기운전이 가능하였고 벤젠의 경우 경쟁적 저해를 나타내었으나 일정기간의 순응 이후 혼합처리시 양호한 처리능력을 보여주었다.

  • PDF

ANOTHER COMPLETE DECOMPOSITION OF A SELF-SIMILAR CANTOR SET

  • Baek, In Soo
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
    • /
    • 제16권2호
    • /
    • pp.157-163
    • /
    • 2008
  • Using informations of subsets of divergence points and the relation between members of spectral classes, we give another complete decomposition of spectral classes generated by lower(upper) local dimensions of a self-similar measure on a self-similar Cantor set with full information of their dimensions. We note that it is a complete refinement of the earlier complete decomposition of the spectral classes. Further we study the packing dimension of some uncountable union of distribution sets.

  • PDF

전해질로의 이온성 액체 응용

  • 김동범;원종옥;김훈식
    • 한국고분자학회지:고분자과학과기술
    • /
    • 제15권4호
    • /
    • pp.449-456
    • /
    • 2004
  • 이온성 액체 (ionic liquid)는 유기 양이온과 유기 (또는 무기) 음이온으로 이루어진 화합물이다. 이온들이 작아, 서로 가깝게 packing되어 있는 일반 이온성 염 (상온에서 고체상)과는 다르게, 이온성 액체는 양이온과 음이온의 크기가 상대적으로 커서, packing이 잘 되지 않아 낮은 lattice energy를 갖고 있게 되어,$^1$ 10$0^{\circ}C$나 그 이하의 낮은 녹는점을 갖는 염이다. 녹는점, 밀도, 점도, 친수성 및 소수성 특성은 주어진 이온성 액체의 양이온과 음이온을 적절히 선택하면 얼마든지 조절할 수 있어, 이온성 액체를 des구nor solvent로 부르고 있다.(중략)

  • PDF

DIMENSIONALLY INVARIANT SPACES

  • Baek, In Soo
    • 충청수학회지
    • /
    • 제22권2호
    • /
    • pp.245-250
    • /
    • 2009
  • We consider a code function from the unit interval which has a generalized dyadic expansion into a coding space which has an associated ultra metric. The code function is not a bi-Lipschitz map but a dimension-preserving map in the sense that the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of any subset in the unit interval and its image under the code function coincide respectively.

  • PDF