• Title/Summary/Keyword: packed bed reactor

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Continuous Production of Agarooligosaccharides Using Packed-Bed Reactor (Packed-Bed 반응기를 이용한 한천올리고당의 연속생산)

  • 임동중;김종덕;강양순;공재열
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.398-402
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    • 2001
  • Enzymatic hydrolysis of agar was carried out continuously to produce agarooligosaccharides by immobilized agarase in Packed-Bed Reactor. The reactor was constructed using a acryl tube with an internal diameter of 10 mm and a useful height of 140 mm. The Packed-Bed Reactor was 11 mL reactor volume as its length : diameter ratio was 14 : 1. The operation condition of reaction was performed with an 1 g/L agar concentration at 40$^{\circ}C$, 10 mM MOPS buffer(pH 7.0) and with the flow rate 3 mL∼48 mL/h at a dilution rate of 1.09∼5.45 h$\^$-1/. The hydrolysis products was identified DP6, DP4 and DP2 by HPLC. The conversion rate of agar was about 80% and amount of total agarooligosaccharide was 0.88 mg/mL at Packed-Bed Reactor.

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NOx Removal Characteristics by the Dielectric Packed-bed Plasma Reactor (Dielectric packed-bed 플라스마 반응기를 사용한 NOx 제거 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김응복;김동욱;정영식;최충석;김용하
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.41-44
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    • 2001
  • The removal characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by the dielectric ($Al_2O_3$) packed-bed plasma reactor are experimentally investigated Reactor is packed with 5[mm] diameter $Al_2O_3$ beads, and was desisted to remove NOx at atmospheric pressures from the moving pollution source such as diesel automobile. The experiments were conducted for applied voltages from 5 to 10[kV], flue gas rate from 2 to 5[l/min] and frequency from 0.5 to 2[kHz]. The NOx removal efficiency significantly increasing with increasing applied voltage. Especially removal rate significantly increased with increasing frequency. However, in this experiment discharged poler n relatively high.

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Bioreactor Cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon for Shikonin Production with In Situ Extraction (동시 추출을 겸한 생물반응기에서 Lithospermum erythrorhizon 배양에 의한 shikonin 생산)

  • 김동진;장호남
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.525-529
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    • 1990
  • Plant cell cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were performed in stirred tank and packed-bed reactors with in situ extraction by n-hexadecane. The specific shikonin production and volumetric shikonin productivity of stirred tank reactor reached 1.5 mg shikoninlg cell and 400$\mu g$ shikonin/(L.day), respectively. In packed-bed reactor with calcium alginate-immobilized cells specific shikonin production and volumetric productivity reached 2.0 mg shikoninlg cell and 2857$\mu g$ shikonin/(L.day), which were 1.3 and 7.1 times higher than those of stirred tank reactor, respectively. The higher shikonin production and productivity of packed-bed reactor seemed to be due to high cell loading capacity of calcium alginate immobilized cells in packed-bed reactor and improved cell-cell contact.

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NOx removal in cylinder type reactor and Packed-bed type reactor (원통형과 packed-bed형 반응기에서 NOx제거특성)

  • 박재윤;박상현;이경호;하상태;송원섭;황보국
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.07a
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    • pp.499-502
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    • 2001
  • In this experiment, an attempt to use the sludge pellets as catalyst for NO removal from simulated gas is experimentally investigated by using cylinder type reactor and packed-bed reactor. An experimental investigation has been conducted for NO concentration of 50[ppm], 100[ppm], 200[ppm] balanced with air, a gas flow rate of 5[1/min]. Ac voltage to discharge the gases was supplied. In the result, NOx removal rate in packed bed reactor is higher than that in cylinder type reactor. it is thought that plasma density in contact point of BaTiO$_3$ is significantly higher than that in cylinder reactor.

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A Study on the Mixed-Food Wastewater Treatment in an Anaerobic Packed Bed Reactor and Sludge Bed Reactor (혐기성 고정상반응기와 슬러지 Bed반응기에서 혼합-식품폐수처리에 관한 연구)

  • 안재동;김재우;장인용
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 1993
  • The characteristics of food wastewater treatment in an anaerobic packed bed reactor (APBR) with polyurethane as a packing material and sludge bed reactor (ASBR) was studied. The reactor of 9cm-ID, 150cm-height was fed in a continuous mode from bottom of reactor. For the purpose of constant temperature of reactor, water jacket was installed. The used packing materials was polyurethane sponge foam. Methane which was produced by decomposed organics collected at the top of the reactor for using as a fuel. The substrates used were synthetic, mixed and food wastewater. For the acclimatization of microorganisms, mixed wastewater was used. The major analyses were gas production, COD, pH and volatile acids. Based upon the completed works, the results are as follows: When food wastewater was fed the quantity of produced gas was less than that of synthetic wastewater, but food process saw higher methane content than synthetic process. As well as COD removal efficiency of food process reached at about 85%. In aspect of effluent volatile acid, food process showed low concentration of below 500 mg/l, therefore anaerobic reaction stabled. Conclusively food wastewater used can be digested by anaerobic treatment, especially anaerobic packed bed reactor showed 82% of COD removal, 75% of methane content, 10 l of gas production, and anaerobic sludge bed reactor did 79% of COD removal, 75% of methane content, 81 of gas production at 4 kgCOD/m$^3$day, 36$\circ$C.

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A Study on Heat Storage System Using Calcined Dolomite - Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in Calcined Dolomite Hydration Pocked Bed - (소성Dolomite 수화물계의 축열시스템에 관한 연구 - 소성Dolomite 수화반응층의 전열해석 -)

  • Park, Young-Hae;Kim, Jong-Shik
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.9-21
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    • 2002
  • To develope chemical heat pump using available energy sources, solar heat and other kinds of waste thermal energy, we have studied the heat transfer rate in cylindrical bed reactor packed with calcined Dolomite. Two dimensional (radial and circumferential) Partial differential equations, concerning heat and mass transfer in packed bed of calcined Dolomite, are solved numerically to describe the characteristics of the reaction of calcined Dolomite and heat transfer. The results obtained by numerical analysis about two dimensional profiles of temperature and conversion of reactant in the packed bed reactor and the amount of exothermic heat released from the reactor are follows. It was found that all of calcined Dolomite packed bed kept the reaction temperature of about 750K throughout the entire part of the bed, immediately after the steam was introduced exothermic reaction of hydration was proceeded from the packed bed inpu to output and from wall side to center. The rate of thermochemical reaction depends on the temperature and concentration and it is also governed by the boundary conditions and heat transfer rate in the particle packed bed.

광합성세균 미생물막반응기에 의한 유기성폐수의 처리특성

  • Oh, Kwang-Keun;Lee, Cheol-Woo;Jeon, Yeong-Joong;Lee, Jae-Heung
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.738-742
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    • 1996
  • An efficient packed-bed type biofilm reactor charged with immobilized phototrophs was developed to treat organic wastewater at an extremely high volumetric loading rate. The packed bed reactor (PBR) charged with porous ceramic beads was superior to a fluidized-bed reactor suspended with activated carbon powders in terms of many aspects such as BOD removal efficiency, operational stability, and overall economics. For wastewater with BOD concentration as high as 20, 000mg/l, the BOD removal efficiency was maintained above 90% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was longer than 1 day. The allowable volumetric BOD loading rate of this reactor (20gBOD/l day) is more than ten-folds higher than that of an ordinary activated sludge method. The behaviour of the reactor was represented well by a Monod type kinetic equation with a maximum specific BOD loading rate(P) of 22.2gBOD/l day and a half saturation constant(K$_{s}$) of 1, 750 mgBOD/l.

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Characteristics of Lactose Hydrolysis by Immobilized β-Galactosidase on Chitosan Bead (Chitosan 담체에 고정화된 β-galactosidase에 의한 유당 분해 특성)

  • Kang, Byung-Chul
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2011
  • ${\beta}$-Galactosidase was immobilized on chitosan bead by covalent bonding using glutaraldehyde. The characteristics of the immobilized enzyme were investigated. Maximum immobilization yield of 75% was obtained on chitosan bead. Optimum pH and temperature for the immobilized enzyme was 7.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The immobilized enzyme showed a broader range of pH and temperature compared to a free one. A mathematical model for the operation of the immobilized enzyme in a packed-bed reactor was established and solved numerically. Under different inlet lactose concentrations and feed flow rate conditions, lactose conversion was measured in a packed-bed reactor. The experimental results of continuous operation in a packed-bed reactor were compared to theoretic results using Michaelis-Menten kinetics with competitive product inhibition and external mass transfer resistance. The model predicted the experimental data with errors less than 5%. Process optimization of continuous operation in a packed-bed reactor was also conducted. In a recirculation packed-bed operation, conversion of lactose was 97% in 3 hours. In a continuous packed-bed operation, the effect of flow rate and initial lactose concentration was investigated. Increasing flow rates and initial lactose concentration decreased the conversion of substrate.

Continuous Production of Sorbitol with Zymomonas mobilis in a Packed Bed Reactor (Zymomonas mobilis에 의한 Packed Bed Reactor를 이용한 연속적인 sorbitol의 형성)

  • 장기효;김영복장현수전억한
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study is to develop a continuous process for sorbitol production using Zymomonas mobilis immobilized in K-carra-geenan. The glutaraldehyde cross-linking of toluene-treated cells immobilized in alginate or chitin showed high enzyme stability for long period. However, loss of enzyme activity was observed at 23% during 210h. In order to investigate the stability of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase of cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CT AB) treated cells, the long term continuous process was carried out with Z. mobilis immobilized in K-carrageenan in the continuous stirred tank reactor(CSTR) and the packed bed reactor. The continuous production of sorbitol with the immobilized CT AB permeabilized cells in packed bed reactor was more stable than in CSTR. Two stage continuous process with CT AB treated cells of Z. mobilis immobilized in K-carrageenan was carried out at various dilution rates. At the first stage, the productivity was increased up to 15 g/ $\ell$ -h as dilution rate increased and decreased over 0.32$h^{-1}$ of dilution rate. Similarly, maximum productivity obtained at the second stage was 22g/$\ell$ -h at 0.32$h^{-1}$

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The Removal of Organics, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Loop Reactor Using Fluidized Media (유동상 담체를 이용한 Loop Reactor에서 유기물 및 질소, 인 제거)

  • Seon, Yong-Ho
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2009
  • This study was accomplished using Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic upflow packed-bed column reactors with fixed media and Loop Reactor with fluidized media instead of Oxic reactor. The objectives of this study was to investigate the characteristics of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage with the HRT. The average removal efficiencies of $BOD_5$ and SS increase as increasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) until 16 h of the HRT, and they were constant over 16 h of the HRT. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$ in case of packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was about 86.6% and 90.9% respectively at 16 h of the HRT. The removal efficiency of SS in packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was about 78.0% and 88.2% respectively at 16 h of the HRT. The average removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$ and $COD_{Mn}$ showed similar trends as those of $BOD_5$ and SS. At the HRT of 16 h, the removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ in case of packed-bed reactor and Loop Reactor was 63.5%, 75.2% and that of $COD_{Mn}$ was 60.7%, 73.6% respectively. The average removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P increase as increasing the HRT. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P in Loop Reactor were 33.6% and 54.5% respectively at 16 h of the HRT and T-N and T-P were better removed in Loop Reactor. From this result, it was found that the performance of Loop Reactor was much higher than the performance of packed-bed reactor and the optimum HRT was 16 h.