• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.II
• /
• pp.1203-1206
• /
• 2005

Electron temperature and plasma density in coplanar alternating-current plasma display panels (AC-PDP's) have been experimentally investigated in accordance with discharge time by a micro-probe in this experiment. The resolution of a step mortor to move in micro-Langmuir probe is 10um.[1-3] The used gas in this experiment is He-Ne-Xe (4%) mixure gas. And sustain voltage is 320V which is above of firing voltage for degradation. The electron temperature and plasma density can be obtained from current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of micro Langmuir probe, in which negative to positive bias voltage was applied to the probe. And Efficiency is calculated by formula related discharge power and light emission. Those experiments operated as various discharge time ($0{\sim}72$ Hours). As a result of this experiment, Electron Temperature was increased from 2eV to 5eV after discharge running time of 20 hours and saturates beyond 20 hours. The plasma density is inversely proportional to the square root of electron temperature. So the plasma density was decreased from $1.8{\times}10^{12}cm^{-3}$ to $8{\times}10^{11}cm^{-3}$ at above discharge running time. And the Efficiency was reduced to 70% at 60hours of discharge running time.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.377-388
• /
• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 수면호흡장애를 가진 어린이들을 선별하기 위해 휴대용 간이수면검사를 이용한 무호흡 저호흡 지수(apneahypopnea index, AHI)를 기준으로, 치과 진료실에서 사용 가능한 측모두부계측 방사선 사진, 임상 검사, 소아수면설문지(pediatric sleep questionnaire, PSQ)에서 유용한 수치들을 찾아내고 평가하는 것이었다. 교정치료를 위해 전북대학교 소아치과에 내원한 5 - 10세의 어린이들을 대상으로 하였다. 총 61명이 이 연구에 포함되었으며, AHI 값이 1보다 크게 나타난 어린이들을 SDB군으로, 1 이하로 나타난 어린이들은 정상군으로 분류하였다. 61명의 어린이 중 49(80%)명이 SDB군에 포함되었다. SDB군과 정상군과의 통계 분석 결과, 휴대용 간이수면검사의 ODI(oxygen dehydration index)와 코골이 시간, 설문지를 통한 PSQ scale, 측모두부계측 방사선 사진에서 아데노이드 비대율과 하악평면에서 설골까지의 거리 그리고 gonial angel이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이 연구를 통해 잠재적인 SDB 환자를 선별해내기 위해 측모두부계측 방사선 사진을 통한 아데노이드 비대, 설골의 위치, gonial angle과 소아수면설문지를 평가하는 것이 유용할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2011

벼의 염기서열 분석이 완료됨에 따라 유전자의 세포내 기능을 밝히기 위한 기능유전체 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이를 위해 효율적으로 아그로박테리움을 이용해 원하는 유전자를 식물체 내로 형질전환을 하기 위한 노력은 지금도 계속 진행되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 캘러스를 유기한 후 아그로박테리움을 이용해 접종하는 기존의 방법과 달리, 성숙 종자를 소독한 후 2,4-D가 포함된 액체배지에 24시간 침종하여 배 부분이 발아하기 시작하는 종자를 이용해 바로 아그로박테리움을 접종하여 체세포변이의 발생을 최소화하고 유전자를 포함하고 있는 아그로박테리움이 식물 조직내로 침투할 수 있는 효율을 증가시키며, 그 후 캘러스를 유기하여 재분화 시킴으로써 형질전환 식물체를 얻는 방법을 새롭게 수립하였다. 배양과정 중 공동배양 배지에 아그로박테리움 성장억제물질인 silver nitrate와 항산화 물질인 DTT를 첨가하여 공동 배양 기간을 7일 이상으로 늘림으로써 벼 형질전환효율을 증가시킬 수 있었고, PCR 분석을 통해 원하는 목표 유전자가 형질전환체에 안정적으로 도입이 되는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 이 방법은 형질전환 효율이 낮은 일품벼와 같은 품종에도 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 본 실험을 통해 얻어진 새로운 공동배양 방법은 우수한 농업적 형질을 가진 벼 육종 소재 및 품종 개발시 효율적으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.6391-6395
• /
• 2012

Background: Ovarian cancer is ranked as the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women. In Malaysia, it is the fourth most common cancer in females. CA125 has been the tumor marker of choice in ovarian cancer but its diagnostic specificity in early stages is only 50%. Hence, there is a critical need to identify an alternative tumor marker that is capable of detecting detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. HE4 is a new tumor marker proposed for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence. Currently, none of the normal ranges of HE4 quoted in the literature are based on data for a multiethnic Asian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for HE4 in an Asian population presenting in University Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary reference hospital. Materials and Methods: 300 healthy women were recruited comprising 150 premenopausal and 150 postmenopausal women, aged from 20-76 years. All women were subjected to a pelvic ultrasonograph and were confirmed to be free from ovarian pathology on recruitment. Serum HE4 levels were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Architect). The reference intervals were determined following CLSI guidelines (C28-A2) using a non-parametric method. Results: The upper limits of the $95^{th}$ percentile reference interval (90%CI) for all the women collectively were 64.6 pmol/L, and 58.4 pmol/L for premenopausal) and 69.0 pmol/L for postmenopausal. The concentration of HE4 was noted to increase with age especially in women who were more than 50 years old. We also noted that our proposed reference limit was lower compared to the level given by manufacturer Abbott Architect HE4 kit insert (58.4 vs 70 pmol/L for premenopausal group and 69.0 vs 140 pmol/L in the postmenopausal group). The study also showed a significant difference in HE4 concentrations between ethnic groups (Malays and Indians). The levels of HE4 in Indians appeared higher than in Malays (p<0.05), while no significant differences were noted between the Malays and Chinese ethnic groups. Conclusions: More data are needed to establish a reference interval that will better represent the multiethnic Malaysian population. Probably a larger sampling size of equal representation of the Malay, Chinese, Indians as well as the other native ethnic communities will give us a greater confidence on whether genetics plays a role in reference interval determination.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2012

We previously reported that the novel isoflavone-free peptide mixture (black soybean peptide, BSP) had several beneficial effects like antiobesity and hypotriglyceridemic effect. However, there are no reports for BSP on anti-hypertensive activity. BSP induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HUVECs, thus investigated the HO-1-induced activity in HUVECs and the anti-hypertensive effects in SHR animal model. BSP significantly induced HO-1 expression both at transcriptional and protein levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner as measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. These inductions were abolished by pretreatment of N-acetyl-cystein (NAC, 1~10 mM), but not by employing Tempol, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic (1~5 mM). As expected, enzymatic activity (~2 fold) determined by bilirubin formation assay and cGMP concentration (~6 fold) were significantly increased in BSP-treated cells. Based on the numerous evidences on the beneficial effects of HO-1 and our results, we investigated in vivo effects of BSP on the antihypertensive activity. The administration of BSP (1% in drinking water) significantly decreased mean blood pressure (BP) (from $218.6{\pm}6.99$ to $190.0{\pm}3.42$ mm Hg, p<0.01). This result indicates that BSP is strong inducer of HO-1 expression, which may be triggered by oxidative stress, and has anti-hypertensive activity.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.108-117
• /
• 2017

김은 우리의 주요한 식품 자원으로 단백질 함량과 탄수화물의 함량이 매우 높다. 김에는 다량의 단백질과 탄수화물이 존재한다. 특히 탄수화물에는 isofloridoside과 floridoside 등의 유리당 뿐 아니라 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose와 ester sulfate 등을 함유한 porphyran과 xylose, mannose로 이루어진 hemicellulose가 함유되어있다. 본 연구에서는 추출 방법에 따른 porphyran과 hemicellulose의 추출, 분리 조건을 검토하기 위해 열수, 묽은 산, 알칼리로 추출한 추출물의 특성을 조사하였다. 수율은 열수 추출이 가장 높았고, 총당 함량은 묽은 산 추출이, 단백질 함량은 알칼리 추출이 가장 높아 열수와 묽은 산 추출에 의해 수용성 다당인 포피란이 효율적으로 추출되었으며 묽은 산으로 추출시 단백질의 함량이 적었다. 알칼리 추출 조건에서는 포피란의 추출이 적었으나 단백질이 다량 동시에 추출되었고 mannan은 추출되나 xylan은 추출되지 않았다. 효소 가수분해(Protamex, Flavourzyme, Alcalase, Viscozyme) 후 열수 추출한 수용성 다당의 수율은 효소 처리 시료가 34.3-39.1%로 효소 처리하지 않은 대조구에 비해 증가하였고 Flavourzyme 가수분해가 단백질 제거에 가장 효과적이었다. 또한 효소 처리한 수용성 다당의 점도가 저하하였고 의가소성 유체 특성을 나타내었다. 효소 처리 후 열수 추출하고 남은 잔사를 알칼리 추출한 경우 mannan의 함량은 protease인 효소 처리 시료가 Viscozyme 처리한 시료에 비하여 높았다. 반면에 Viscozyme 처리 후 알칼리 추출한 경우는 xylose의 추출 함량이 증가하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2013

비가림하우스에서 고랭지배추 유기재배 시 시용량 및 토양비옥도에 따른 시용질소의 이용률과 배추의 수량성을 검토하였다. 무비구에서의 구중은 사양토 토양에서 현저히 낮았으며, 비옥도가 낮은 사양토에 비해 비옥도가 높은 식양토에서 높았다. 시비량에 따른 구중의 변화는 비옥도가 높은 식양토에 비해 비옥도가 낮은 사양토에서 더 크게 나타났다. 질소이용률은 토양의 비옥도가 높고, 질소시비량이 많을수록 낮았다. 질소함량 1%의 사양토에서도 계분퇴비 2톤/10a과 표준시비량 수준의 천연무기질자재의 시용으로 질소함량 6%의 식양토의 약 90% 수준의 수량을 나타냈다. 질소, 인산, 및 칼리질 천연광물자원인 구아노, 인광석 및 황산가리고토 등은 친환경 자재로서 균형적 시비를 꾀하는 유기재배에서 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to fabricate a sensor module to detect the resistive leakage current (Igr) in real time that occurs to low voltage electric lines and to verify its reliability. In the case of the developed sensor module, wires are inserted into the zero current transformer (ZCT) and current transformer (CT) in advance and then the branch line is connected to the circuit breaker. The measurement result of the resistance of the distribution panel equipped with the developed sensor module shows that the resistance is $0.151m{\Omega}$ between the R and R phases, $0.169m{\Omega}$ between the S and S phases, and $0.178m{\Omega}$ between the T and T phases, respectively. The insulation resistance measured at AC 500 V and 1,000 V is $0.08m{\Omega}$ between the R, S, T and N phases, respectively. Then, the insulation resistance measured at DC 500 V is $83.3G{\Omega}$ between the R, S, T and G terminal, respectively. In addition, the applied withstanding voltage is AC 220 V/380 V/440 V and it was found that characteristics between all phases are good. This study measured the standby power by installing the developed sensor module at the rear of the MCCB and switching the circuit breaker on sequentially. The standby power is 1.350 W when one circuit breaker is turned on, 1.690 W when 2 circuit breakers are turned on, and 4.371 W when 10 circuit breakers are turned on. This study also verified the reliability of the standby power of the distribution panel equipped with the developed sensor module using the Minitab Program (Minitab PGM). Since the analysis shows the statistical average of 1.34627 in the reliable range of normal distribution, standard deviation of 0.001874, AD of 0.554, and P value of 0.140, it is found that the distribution panel equipped with the developed sensor module has high reliability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권8호
• /
• pp.1124-1131
• /
• 2012

Four Thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), about four years old with $400{\pm}20kg$ liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive dietary treatments. The treatments were: ground corn cob (GCC) replacement for cassava chip (CC) in concentrate at 0% (T1); GCC replacement at 33% (T2); GCC replacement at 67% (T3); and GCC replacement at 100% (T4), respectively. During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% BW while 5% urea-treated rice straw was given at ad libitum. The result revealed that there was no effect of GCC replacement on DMI among treatments. In addition, digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were not different while aNDF linearly increased with an increasing level of GCC replacement. However, GCC replacement did not affect rumen fermentation such as ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N and VFA concentration; except C3 proportion which was the highest at 33% replacement while the lowest was at 100% replacement. All replacements of GCC resulted in similar protozoal and bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis (MPS). Purine derivatives (PD) concentration in urine and PD to creatinine (PDC) index were varied with time of urination and among treatments at 0 to 8 and 8 to 16 h post feeding and higher values were shown among the GCC replacement groups. However at 16 to 24 h-post feeding, it was untraceable. In addition, creatinine concentration was similar among all treatments at every sampling time. Based on the above results, GCC can be used as an energy source for swamp buffalo fed with rice straw. Spot sampling of urine can be used for purine derivatives determination.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of water extracts of Eucommiae cortex (EC), Psoraleae semen (PS), and their combination on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Methods : We assayed the protein expression levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and ${\beta}-actin$ in cell lysates using western blotting. Similarly, mRNA expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrateresistant acid phosphate (TRAP), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogeni (GAPDHS) from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, we determined the anti-osteoporotic effects of the water extracts of EC, PS, and their combination in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone-loss mouse model. Results : The in vitro data revealed showed that the combination of EC and PS extract showed a more remarkable inhibition of osteoclast differentiation than each herb did alone. The combination downregulated the induction of c-Fos, NFATc1, and TRAP by suppressing the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$). Lastly, the in vivo data showed that PS reduced the LPS-induced bone erosion. Conclusion : The result of this study suggests that EC and PS could be potential therapeutic agents for bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.