• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

보리등겨로 제조한 간장의 발효 기간별 맛성분 변화를 조사하였다. pH의 변화는 숙성초기에 pH 5.7로 나타났으나 이후 $4.9{\sim}5.1$로 일정하였다. 총질소는 숙성 90일째에 식품공전상 간장의 총질소 기준인 0.7%에 도달하였다. 유리당은 arabinose, xylose, fructose, glucose, 및 maltose 5종이 검출되었으며 휘발성 유기산으로는 acetic acid, propionic acid 및 butyric acid 3종이 검출되었다. 비휘발성 유기산으로는 lactic acid, fumaric acid, levulinic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric\; acid$, citric acid 및 pyroglutamic acid 8종이 검출되었으며 특히, lactic acid는 기존 콩간장에 비해 거의 검출되지 않았다. 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 $442.9{\sim}803.6\;mg%$였으며, glutamic acid>proline>phenylalanine등의 순으로 높았다. 총 필수아미노산의 함량은 $151.9{\sim}298.6\;mg%$로 전체 아미노산 함량의 $34.3{\sim}37.3%$였다. 관능검사 결과, 숙성 45일과 60일이 기호도가 가장 높았다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2007

An obligately aerobic bacterium, strain KOPRI $20902^T$, was isolated from a marine sediment in Ny-${\AA}$lesund, Spitsbergen Islands, Norway. Cells were irregular rods and motile with polar monotrichous flagellum. The optimum growth temperature was $17-22^{\circ}C$. Cells grew best in pH 7.0-10.0 and 3-4% sea salts (corresponding to 2.3-3.1% NaCl). The novel strain required $Ca^{2+}$ or $Mg^{2+}$ in addition to NaCl for growth. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Arctic isolate is distantly related with established species (<92.4% sequence similarity) and formed a monophyletic group with Cellvibrio, which formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage in the order Pseudomonadales. Predominant cellular fatty acids [$C_{16:1}\;{\omega}7c/15:0$ iso 2OH (45.3%), $C_{16:0}$ (18.4%), ECL 11.799 (11.2%), $C_{10:0}$ 3OH (10.4%)]; DNA G+C content (37.0 mol%); nitrate reduction to nitrogen; absence of aesculin hydrolysis, N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosaminidase and esterase; no assimilation of arabinose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, and trehalose differentiated the strain from the genus Cellvibrio. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, Dasania marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed in the order Pseudomonadales. Strain KOPRI $20902^T$ (=KCTC $12566^T$=JCM $13441^T$) is the type strain of Dasania marina.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1987

This study was performed to find out the types of linkage of carbohydrates in wood cell walls. To study the structure of linkage of carbohydrates in wood cell walls, we have attempted to find out the method holocellulose preparation and optimum condition of enzyme hydrolysis in holocellulose, and fractionate oligosaccharide with products that hydrolized partly by acetolysis and deacetylation in holocellulose. We have achieved four results. These results as follow; 1. At first. we reacted in wood meal $NaClO_2$ 1g per lignin lg for one hour and then the same of quantity $NaClO_2$ for four hours. Through these experiments, we have developed new holocellulose preparation method which had low loss of carbohydrates and high effect of the delignification. 2. The optimum condition of enzyme hydrolysis of holocellulose which had lignin was 0.005M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0). We have achieved 7.2% reducing sugar through the procedure that reactioned 0.01g holocellulose putting enzyme 0.03g for 72 hours. It may be supposed that 5.5% of lignin contained in holocellulose prevented enzyme contaction from holocellulose and so this lignin has resulted in the low efficiency of enzyme hydrolysis. 3. We did not fractionated from oligosaccharides which were preparated by the method of acetolysis and deacetylation in holocellulose. The reason is that holocellulose having a lot of lignin prevented prefectly partial hydrolysis from the method of acetolysis and deacetylation. 4. We attempted analysis of six standard substances through HPLC apparatus having sugar pak 1 column which we have changed flow rate and the column temperature variably. These six standard substances were D-glucose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-galactose and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, But sugar pak 1 column was not fitted analysis of four substances because D-galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose were agreement with elution time. And so, we could not analize four standard substances with sugar pak 1 column.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Certain crop-based waste materials have been recognized as cost-effective and highly efficient adsorbents for removal and recovery of different kind of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The ability is strongly attributed to the carboxyl functional group of some pectin substances such as galacturonic acid often found in fruit peels. The present manuscript was aimed at assessing the potential applicability of banana peel for metal removal from contaminated waters. METHODS AND RESULTS: As revealed by laboratory investigations, banana peel contains pectin (10-21%), lignin (6-12%), cellulose (7.6-9.6%), and hemicelluloses (6.4-9.4%). The pectin extraction is reported to have glucose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactouroninc acid. Several studies conducted under different conditions proved that banana peel is capable of adsorbing 5.71, 2.55, 28.00, 6.88, 7.97, and 5.80 mg/g of $Cd^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$, respectively, from aqueous solutions. Adsorption capacity is, however, dependent upon several factors including solution pH, dose of adsorbent and metal concentration, contact time and shaking speed. CONCLUSION(S): Since the annual world production of banana exceeds 100 million tons, about 40 million tons of banana peel (40% of total weight of the fresh fruit) remains vastly unused. Exploring a sound technology with banana peel would therefore, not only address the much needed sustainable tool for cleaning contaminated waters, but of course bring an additional value to the banana industry worldwide.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.47-61
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• 1978

Strptomyces albus T-12 which ahd been isolated and identified in the laboratory, was selected for the studies on the cultural conditions on the production of D-xylose iosmerase and the enzymological characteristics using the partially purified enzyme. The best results in the enzyme production came from D-xylose medium than wheat bran. The divalent metla ions as $Co^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+}$ retard or inhibit the cell-growth at the early stages of mycelia propagations, and T-12 strain is especially sensitive to $Co^{2+}$. After 60 hours of shaking cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm, a maximum enzyme activitz, 0.49 enzyme units, was obtained. Cell-free enzyme obtained from mycelia heat-treated in the prescence of 0.5mM $Co^{2+}$, showed a 2.4-fold increase in specific than the enzyme from untreated mycelia. The specific activity of the purified enzyme through Sephadex G-150 columm showed 180 fold to the crude enzyme. The effective activators of the enzyme appeared to be $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions, and it exhibited the maximal enzyme activity showed at pH 7.0 and at tempersture around $80^{\circ}C$ when $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions were added. The enzyme isomerized D-glucose, D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, and L-rhamnose in the present of $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions as an activatiors. $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions were non-competitively bound at different allosterix sites of enzyme molecule. $Mg^{2+}(5mM)\;or\;Co^{2+}(1.0mM)$ protected against the thermal denaturations of the enzyme activities. The michelis constant(Km) and $V_{max}$ values of the emzyme for D-glucose and D-xylose were 0.52M, $2.12{\mu}moles/ml{\cdot}min.\;and\;0.28M,\;0.65moles/ml{\cdot}min.$, respectively.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1986

On hundred and forty stains of shigella cultures isolated from the twelve hygiene laboratories of cities and provincial general hospital laboratories in 1983 were tested for their resistance to thirteen antimicrobial drugs and their R-plasmid transfer. Antimicrobial drugs were used amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, rifampicin, streptamycin, tetracycline, tobramycin, cefoperazone and piperacillin. All strains were resistant to one or more of thirteen antimicrobial drugs but 94.3% were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin of total isolated. The most strains commonly found resistance was to chloramphenicol (94%) followed by streptamycin (93%), tetracyline (92%) piperacillin (90%) ampicillin (83%), cefoperazone (42%), nalidixic acid (14%), cephalothin (17%), rifampicin (22%) and kanamycin (6%), sixty percent of strains among 140 were resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline at the same time. The transfer of drug resistance by conjugation was tested and ninety four strains (94.3%) were resistant to one or more drugs were found to transfer their drug resistance of E. coli. percentage of transfer frequency by conjugation was one strains (54%), the transfer frequency of drug resistance varied by donor strains and recipients, but not by selecting drugs. Resistance to nalidixic acid was not transferred by conjugation to recipients. Percentage of plasmid curing after the treatment of acriflavine, acridine orange was about 8%. Among strains cured two strains were tested compare original strains with them in biochemical properties in arginine dihydrolase and arabinose fermentation reaction. It was found to growth curves of No.2 shigella flexneri, serotype 1b, and its derivatives cured with acriflavine in $M{\ddot{u}}ller$ Hinton broth medium (pH 7.4, $38^{\circ}C$) by temperature Gradient Biophoto Recorder TN-1120 (Tokyo, Japan).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Myocardial infarction (MI) is caused by extensive myocardial damage attributed to the occlusion of coronary arteries. Our previous study in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) demonstrated that administration of arabinoxylan (AX), comprising arabinose and xylose, protects against myocardial injury. In this study, we undertook to investigate whether psyllium seed husk (PSH), a safe dietary fiber containing a high level of AX (> 50%), also imparts protection against myocardial injury in the same rat model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Rats were fed diets supplemented with PSH (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg/d) for 3 d. The rats were then subjected to 30 min ischemia through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion through release of the ligation. The hearts were harvested and cut into four slices. To assess infarct size (IS), an index representing heart damage, the slices were stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). To elucidate underlying mechanisms, Western blotting was performed for the slices. RESULTS: Supplementation with 10 or 100 mg/kg/d of PSH significantly reduces the IS. PSH supplementation (100 mg/kg/d) tends to reduce caspase-3 generation and increase BCL-2/BAX ratio. PSH supplementation also upregulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and its target genes including antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). PSH supplementation upregulates some sirtuins ($NAD^+$-dependent deacetylases) including SIRT5 (a mitochondrial sirtuin) and SIRT6 and SIRT7 (nuclear sirtuins). Finally, PSH supplementation upregulates the expression of protein kinase A (PKA), and increases phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) (pCREB), a target protein of PKA. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that PSH consumption reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats by inhibiting the apoptotic cascades through modulation of gene expression of several genes located upstream of apoptosis. Therefore, we believe that PSH can be developed as a functional food that would be beneficial in the prevention of MI.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내산 밀 품종에 따른 제분율 별로 밀 막걸리의 품질특성을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 원료곡의 탄수화물은 70% 제분율의 금강밀, 백중밀이 78.37, 78.16%로 가장 높았다. 밀의 품종 및 제분율에 따른 막걸리의 품질특성을 검정한 결과, 가용성 고형분 함량, 환원당, 알코올은 각각 $10.94{\sim}12.33^{\circ}Brix$, 2.89~4.71%, 14~15.97% 범위를 나타냈으며 백중밀 70% 제분율에서 알코올 15.97%, 환원당 4.71%로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 밀 막걸리의 glucose 함량은 159.4~560.7 mg%의 범위를 보이며 원료 밀 대비 상당량 증가하였고 그 외 mannitol과 arabinose도 존재하였다. 밀 막걸리의 유기산 분석에서, 유산균에 의한 대사산물인 lactic acid는 85.3~650.3 mg%의 분포를 나타내며 가장 높은 수준을 나타냈고 제분율 증가에 따라 그 함량도 증가하였고 제분율별 품종 비교에서는 조경밀이 가장 높았다. 밀 막걸리의 품질 관련인자의 상관성 분석에서는 원료곡의 단백질 함량은 밀 막걸리의 총산, 환원당과 부의 상관을 보였고(p<0.001), 원료곡의 탄수화물 함량은 밀 막걸리의 총산, 환원당(p<0.001) 및 알코올 함량(p<0.05)과 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 가용성 고형물의 함량은 알코올, 환원당 함량과 정의상관을, pH와는 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 밀 막걸리의 알코올 함량 비교 시 70, 85% 제분율에서 품종과 제분율에 따른 차이가 존재하지 않았으므로 85% 밀가루도 막걸리용으로 이용 가능할 것이라 생각된다. 하지만 품종과 제분율에 따라 함유하는 유리당과 유기산 등 여러 가지 품질특성이 상이하기 때문에 이를 고려한 원료의 선택이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2008

생마늘, 찐마늘($100^{\circ}C$, 20분) 및 흑마늘의 이화학적 특성을 비교한 결과 적색도는 흑마늘에서 2.86으로 월등히 높은 값이었고, 명도와 황색도는 흑마늘에서 각각 $22.52{\pm}0.17$과 $3.19{\pm}0.68$로 가장 낮았다. 일반성분 중 조지방, 조단백 및 총당은 흑마늘> 찐마늘> 생마늘의 순으로 높았고, 수분의 함량은 흑마늘에서 $58.20{\pm}0.39%$로 이와 상반된 결과를 나타내었다. pH는 생마늘에서 $6.84{\pm}0.01$이었으나 찐마늘은 $6.54{\pm}0.02$, 흑마늘은 $4.36{\pm}0.06$으로 점차 산성화 되는 경향이었다. 생마늘의 total pyruvate 함량은 $188.47{\pm}3.03{\mu}mol/g$이었으며 찐마늘과 흑마늘은 각각 $77.03{\pm}0.97{\mu}mol/g$과 $277.85{\pm}2.57{\mu}mol/g$이었다. Total thiosulfate의 함량은 찐마늘에서 가장 낮았으며, 다음으로 생마늘 및 흑마늘 순이었다. 유리당 중 arabinose와 galactose는 흑마늘에서 각각 $1.62{\pm}0.30mg$/100 g과 $13.11{\pm}1.73mg$/100 g이었으며, 생마늘에서는 glucose, 찐마늘에서는 sucrose, 흑마늘에서는 fructose의 함량이 가장 높았다. 무기물은 칼륨의 함량이 다른 무기물에 비하여 월등히 그 함량이 높아 전체 무기물 함량의 약 76%를 차지하였다. 구성아미노산은 모든 시료에서 glutamic acid, arginine 및 aspartic acid의 함량이 다른 아미노산에 비해 월등히 높았으며, ammonia를 제외한 모든 아미노산이 생마늘에 비해 흑마늘에서 높게 정량되었다. 유리아미노산은 생마늘과 찐마늘에서는 총 15종이 검출되었으나 흑마늘에서는 taurine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-$\alpha$-aminoiso-n-butyric acid 및 $\gamma$-amino-n-butyric acid를 포함한 총 5종의 아미노산과 urea 및 O-phosphoethanolamine이 더 검출되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2021

본 연구는 양송이 배지의 관행 발효기술을 개선하고자 실험을 실시하였다. 양송이 볏짚 배지 발효단계에서 우점하는 Bacillus strain CY-24 균주를 순수분리하여 16S rDNA 염기서열을 통한 동정 결과 Bacillus licheniformis로 밝혀졌다. B. licheniformis 최적 생육 온도는 30℃, 최적 생육 pH는 6.0에서 가장 생육이 활발한 것을 확인하였으며, B. licheniformis CY-24 균주는 glycerol, glycogen, L-arabinose, D-ribose, D-xylose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose 등의 탄소원을 잘 활용하였고, 효소활성 측정 결과 esterase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase 등에서 양성반응을 나타내었다. CMCase 활성 온도는 50℃, PGase는 60℃에서 가장 효과가 극대화되었으며, CMCase, PGase 두 효소는 60℃ 이상에서도 안정성이 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 금속이온의 촉매 효과는 CoCl₂ 1mM에서 가장 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. B. licheniformis CY-24의 효소학적 특성은 매우 우수하였으며, 양송이 재배에 사용되는 배지를 생산하는 과정에 효소의 작용은 볏짚의 발효 촉진과 연화 작용에 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 유용생물자원으로써 발효기술에 대한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추후 다양한 미생물과 버섯균의 상호작용에 대한 면밀한 연구가 이루어진다면 유용한 자원으로 이용 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.