• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.269-280
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, it was investigated the effects of solid-phase fermentation extraction with Phellinus linteus of discarded Schisandra chinensis extract (PS) and its action mechanism on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Methods : In mice, muscle atrophy model was induced by dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, I.p) once daily for 2 weeks and with PS extract administration (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) as treatment groups. The changes in body weights, grip strength, Treadmill test, muscle weights, and the expression of atrophy-related genes were measured in muscle atrophy mice. The histological changes of gastrocnemius tissues were also observed by H&E staining with measurement of myofiber size. Results : The administration of PS extract increased significantly body weights, grip strength, treadmill test and muscle weights in muscle atrophy mice. PS extract administration increased significantly the area of myofibers and inhibited structural damages of muscle and increased significantly the expression of myogenin and decreased significantly the expression of MuRF1, Atrogin1 and phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC1α in muscle tissues of muscle atrophy mice. Conclusions : These results indicate that PS extract has a improvement effects on muscle atrophy with stimulation of myogenic differentiation and inhibition of mRNA degradation that could be related with the activation of AMPK and PGC1α signaling pathways in muscle. This suggests that PS extract can apply to treat muscle atrophy in clinics.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resin infiltration technique on color and surface hardness of white spot lesion (WSL) with various degrees of demineralization. Materials and Methods: Ten human upper premolars were cut and divided into quarters with a $3{\times}4mm$ window on the enamel surface. Each specimens were separated into four groups (n = 10) and immersed in demineralization solution to create WSL: control, no treatment (baseline); 12 h, 12 hr demineralization; 24 h, 24 hr demineralization; 48 h, 48 hr demineralization. Resin infiltration was performed to the specimens using Icon (DMG). $CIEL^*a^*b^*$ color parameters of the enamel-dentin complex were determined using a spectroradiometer at baseline, after caries formation and after resin infiltration. Surface hardness was measured by Vickers Micro Hardness Tester (Shimadzu, HMV-2). The differences in color and hardness among the groups were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: Resin infiltration induced color changes and increased the hardness of demineralized enamel. After resin infiltration, there was no difference in color change (${\Delta}E^*$) or microhardness among the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in the effect of resin infiltration on color and hardness among groups with different extents of demineralization.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.597-607
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• 2018

In this study, a wet chemical method was used to synthesize nanostructured hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate 4-hydrate were used as starting materials with a sodium hydroxide solution as an agent for pH adjustment. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) titration analysis were used to characterize the synthesized powders. Having been uniaxially pressed, the powders formed a disk-like shape. The sinterability and electrical properties of the samples were examined, and the three-point bending test allowed for the measurement of their mechanical properties. Sedimentation analysis was used to analyze the slurry ability of hydroxyapatite. As in-vitro biological properties of the samples, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were assessed using osteoblast-like cells and the L929 cell line, respectively. Solubility was assessed by employing a simulated body fluid.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 2017

Auxiliary power supply for railway vehicle is a equipment that focuses on the service of passengers in a vehicle. It supplies power to controllers used in heating and cooling devices, fluorescent lamps, batteries and many other electrical equipments. Most of the auxiliary power supply for railway vehicle are mainly used for the round trips and circulation routes within the metropolitan area and have a capacity of 170~200 kVA. In this study, we developed the auxiliary power supply capacity to 240kVA for 200km/h class. As such, the auxiliary power supply is an important device for securing the reliability and safety of the railway vehicle and improving the passenger convenience, so the performance verification of the performance must be ensured. In this paper, 240kVA auxiliary power supply is developed. Also, performance of the auxiliary power supply manufactured through the analysis of various characteristics related to the auxiliary power supply was confirmed while operating the actual line.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.200-203
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• 2007

Parametric investigation of the polyol process for the preparation of carbon supported Pt nano particles as catalysts for fuel cells was carried out. It was found that the concentration of glycolate anion, which is a function of pH, plays an important role in controlling Pt particle size and loading on carbon. It was observed that Pt loading decreased with increasing alkalinity of the solution. As evidenced by zeta potential measurement, this was mainly due to poor adsorption or repulsive forces between the metal colloids and the supports. In order to modify the conventional polyol process, the effect of the gas purging conditions on the characteristics of Pt/C was examined. By the optimization of the gas environment during the reaction, it was possible to obtain high loading of 39.5wt% with a 2.8 nm size of Pt particle. From the single cell test, it was found that operating in ambient $O_{2}$ at 70oC can deliver high performance of more than 0.6 V at 1.44 A $cm^{-2}$.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

Detection of operation lines in farm works, object recognition and obstacle avoidance are essential pre-requisite technologies for unmanned agricultural machinery. A CCD camera, which has been largely used for these functions, is expensive and has difficulty in real-time signal processing. In this study, a laser range sensor was selected as the guiding vision for unmanned agricultural machinery such as a tractor. To achieve this capability, algorithms for distance measurement, signal filtering, object recognition, and obstacle avoidance were developed. Computer simulations were carried out to evaluate performance of the algorithms. Experiments were also conducted with various materials and shapes, Laser beam lost its intensity for poor reflective materials, resulting in less range value than actual, so a compensation technique was considered to be necessary. Object detection system was fabricated on an agricultural tractor and the performance was evaluated. As test result for obstacle detection and avoidance in field, to detect and avoid obstacle for path finding with guiding system for unmanned agricultural machinery was enable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.283-294
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for three different amounts of mulberry juice, sugar, and agar powder for Yanggaeng prepared with mulberry juice. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design for estimating the response surface, which demonstrated 16 experimental points including 2 replicates for mulberry juice, sugar and agar powder each?? The mechanical and sensory properties of test materials were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final product mixture. Measurement results of the mechanical properties showed a significant increase or decrease?? in pH, sugar content, water content, viscosity, l-value, a-value, b-value, hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness. Also the sensory measurements showed a significant improvement?? in appearance, flavor, color, sweetness, texture, overall quality. As a result, the optimum formulation by numerical and graphical methods was calculated as mulberry juice 41.99 g, sugar 90.00 g, agar powder 3.18 g.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.911-918
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• 2004

Three dry red, four sweet red, and two white wines were prepared with domestic grape varieties: Gerbong (G), Campbell Early (C), Muscat Bailey A (M), Seredan (Sd), Seibel (Sb), and Neo-muscat (N). Sample wines were analyzed for titratable acidity, ethanol, pH, sugar content, color intensity and hue, and total phenolic content. Preferences of color, aroma, and overall acceptability were determined by 97 panelists using 9-point hedonic scale. Sweetness, sourness, astringency levels of developed wines were evaluated using 9-point just-about-right (JAR) scale. Mean overall acceptability score of C (6.49) was highest among dry red wines (p<0.05). Among sweet red wines, mean overall acceptability score of Sd (3.27) was significantly lower than those of other wines (p<0.05). In white wines, overall acceptability score of Sb (5.20) was slightly higher than that of N (4.92). Overall sourness levels in dry red wines were higher than optimum level. Based on the results, should be lowered, and sweetness and sourness levels of white wines need to be adjusted sweetness levels of C, G, and Sd for the production of sweer redwines. C and M varieties were considered to be suitable for Korean red wine production.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.599-603
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• 2013

Tarak is our own traditional fermented milk made through lactic acid fermentation by using makgeolli as inoculum for milk or using already made tarak as inoculum but it is hardly known to people as its related studies are also insufficient. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to manufacture jelly by using tarak and analyze its quality characteristics for the diversification of consumption promotion and demand of traditional fermented milk tarak. Tarak jelly that was made according to the percentage of adding tarak showed a tendency that the content of crue protein, crude fat and crude ash except for moisture water meaningfully increased as the amount of tarak added increased (P<0.05). In the case of pH, it declines as the amount of tarak added was high. The chromaticity measurement result of tarak jelly was 54.32 in the case of control group for L, and it increased as the amount of tarak added increased. In the case of a, it decreased as tarak was added, whereas b meaningfully increased. There was meaningful difference between samples in the case of chewiness, fracturability and adhesiveness (p<0.05). The sensory test result showed that there was meaningful difference between samples in their appearance and taste but there was no meaningful difference in the case of overall preference, scent and texture.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.359-369
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• 2016

In this study Ragwort, which had various and excellent pharmacological activity, was selected as a functional material, and intended to present an optimum condition of Ragwort Injeolmi by the blanching method, commonly used in the field. The general components, antioxidation, and dietary fiber of Ragwort were analyzed, and produceableness of Ragwort added Injeolmi was reviewed through instrumental inspection and sensory evaluation of various adding ratio of lyophilized Ragwort power and Ragwort pre-processed by blanching. It was proved that the SOD-likely active of Ragwort was 45.69%, total poly- phenol content was 12.45 mg, and total flavonoid content was 10.25 mg. The pH of Injeolmi adding Ragwort powder showed an increasing trend in the order of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, while that of Injeolmi adding blanching Ragwort showed increasing trend in the order of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and there were significant difference (p<0.001). The soluble solid content of all sample groups showed constant value, and it was understood that no sugar was added in the process. From chromatography measurement result, a-value (redness) of 1% sample group was the lowest, and there were significant differences among sample groups (p<0.001). During 3 days of storage period, total microbial count of Injeolmi showed increasing trend while the storage period was getting longer. From the acceptability test Injeolmi adding blanching Ragwort had shown generally higher value.