• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6225-6229
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• 2015

Faecal pH and cholate are two important factors that can affect colon tumorigenesis, and can be modified by diet. In this study, the effects of two Chinese traditional cooking oils (pork oil and canola/rapeseed oil) on the pH and the cholic acid content in feces, in addition to colon tumorigenesis, were studied in mice. Kunming mice were randomized into various groups; negative control group (NCG), azoxymethane control group (ACG), pork oil group (POG), and canola oil Ggroup (COG). Mice in the ACG were fed a basic rodent chow; mice in POG and COG were given 10% cooking oil rodent chow with the respective oil type. All mice were given four weekly AOM (azoxymethane) i.p. injections (10mg/kg). The pH and cholic acid of the feces were examined every two weeks. Colon tumors, aberrant crypt foci and organ weights were examined 32 weeks following the final AOM injection. The results showed that canola oil significantly decreased faecal pH in female mice (P<0.05), but had no influence on feces pH in male mice (P>0.05). Pork oil significantly increased the feces pH in both male and female mice (P<0.05). No significant change was found in feces cholic acid content when mice were fed 10% pork oil or canola oil compared with the ACG. Although Kunming mice were not susceptible to AOM-induced tumorigenesis in terms of colon tumor incidence, pork oil significantly increased the ACF number in male mice. Canola oil showed no influence on ACF in either male or female mice. Our results indicate that cooking oil effects faecal pH, but does not affect the faecal cholic acid content and thus AOM-induced colon neoplastic ACF is modified by dietary fat.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.539-556
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• 1995

Periodontal therapeutic modalities should be re-establishing and regenerating the periodontal tissue previously lost to the disease. To achieve periodontal regeneration, periodontal ligament cells must selective migrate to the deneded root surface, attached and proliferated it. Local pH concentration is one of the most factors that periodontal regeneration. The aims of this study were to examine on biological effects of pH to the human periodontal ligament cells in vitro, especially on the cell morphology, attachment, activity, vitality and viability. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured from extracted tooth for non-periodontal reason. Immediately after extraction, any soft tissue adhering to the cervical parts of the roots was carefully removed with a sterile curette. To produce different pH levels in the media, Eagle's MEM was adjusted from pH 6.6 to 8.2 in 0.2 intervals with 1 M NaOH and 1 N HCl. After cultivation, Then, Periodontal ligament cells were cultured at pH ranging from 6.6-8.2. attachment assay was done at 1, 2 day incubation and activity assay was done at 1, 2, 3 day incubation. The experiments were evaluated by scaning electron microscopic techniques (HITACHIX-650 Scaning Electron Microanalyzer, Tokyo, Japan), MTT assay, and the cultured periodontal ligament cells were fixed in neutral formalin for 24 hours and immunohistochemically processed by PCNA for proliferating ability. The surviving cells in the medium showed slightly increased volume and widening intercellular distances at low concentration of pH than control group (pH 7.4), and apparently shrinkage at high concentration of pH than control group (pH 7.4). The results of the statistical analysis from the experiment on attachment, vitality and viability were as follows. Attachment of periodontal ligament cells at 1st and 2nd day, similar attachment rate of low concentration pH compared with control value (pH 7.4). But above pH 8.0, attachment rate were statistically significant decrease from control value(P<0.05). Periodontal ligament cell's activities were maximum at pH 7.6 by MTT assay. Similar with control value at low concentration of pH. But, the activities were statistically significant decrease at high concentraration of pH(P<0.05). Cellular proliferating rate (PCNA index) were statistically significant decrease from control value at low and high concentration of pH(p<0.05). This results suggested that hjgh concentration pH, in other words, alkali pH was cytotoxic effects on human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 1998

사양토, 양토, 식양토의 3가지의 토양을 2' column에 충진한 후 인공 산성비( pH 2.0, 4.0, 6.0) 1200㎜를 처리하여 산성비의 토양내 침투수량에 따른 토양 중 무기양분의 이동 양상과 토양내에서의 환경변화에 대한 시험 결과, 산성비의 토양침투에 따른 토양의 pH 변화는 산성비의 pH가 4.0가 6.0에서는 별 차이가 없었으나 pH2.0에서는 토심별로 큰 차이를 보였으며, pH감소는 사양토> 양토> 식양토 순위였다. 산성비의 토양침투에 따른 토양의 토심별 치환성과 수용성 염기의 용탈양은 Ca> Mg> K 순위였으며, 산성비의 pH2.0에서 가장 많은 양이 이동하였다. 이들 염기들의 평균이동거리를 pH2.0의 산성비 처리에서는 사양토, 양토, 식양토 공히 Mg> Ca> K의 순위였으나, 산성비의 pH4.0인 경우 사양토와 식양토는 Mg> K> Ca, 양토의 경우는 K> Mg> Ca의 순위였다. 인산의 경우 평균 이동거리는 다른 성분에 비하여 매우 짧았으며 산성비의 산도가 증가할수록 증가하였고, 일반 강우 조건에서는 거의 이동하지 않았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.348-352
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• 2007

인위적인 토양 pH 변화가 식물에 미치는 영향과 식물의 생화학적 방어반응을 조사하고자 황산용액을 첨가하여 산성화시킨 토양(pH 5.3, 4.5, 3.9, 3.5)에 만수국을 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 토양 산성화에 의해 MDA 함량이 크게 증가되었다. 토양의 $H^{+}$ 부하량 증가에 따라 산화형인 DHA 및 GSSG의 함량이 크게 증가되었다. 항산화 효소의 활성도 토양의 $H^{+}$ 부하량의 증가에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2004

Ghrelin is an acylated peptide recently identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogues receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and is involved in a novel system for regulating GH release. To understand the long-term effects of ghrelin, here we constructed six myogenic expression vectors containing the cDNA of swine mature ghrelin (pGEM-wt-sGhln, pGEM-wt-hGhln), ghrelin mutant of $Ser^3$ with $Trp^3$ (pGEM-mt-sGhln, pGEM-mt-hGhln) and truncated ghrelin derivative (pGEM-tmtsGhln, pGEM-tmt-hGhln) encompassing the first 7 residues of ghrelin (including $Ser^3$ substituted with $Trp^3$) and adding a basic amino acid, Lys (K) in the C-terminus. The constructs, pGEM-wt-sGhln, pGEM-mt-sGhln and pGEM-tmt-sGhln were linked with the ghrelin leader sequence, while the pGEM-wt-hGhln, pGEM-mt-hGhln and pGEM-tmt-hGhln were linked with a leader sequence from the human growth hormone releasing hormone (hGHRH). Intramuscular injection of 200 ${\mu}g$ pGEM-wt-sGhln or pGEM-tmt-sGhln augmented growth over 3 weeks in normal rats and peaked at day 21 or 14 post-injection respectively, whose body weight gains were on average approximately 6% or 19% heavier over controls. However, other injectable vectors had no such enhanced growth effects. Our results suggested that the efficacy of the ghrelin leader sequence was more effective than that of hGHRH in our system. Moreover, the results indicated that skeletal muscle might have the ability to posttranslationally modify the in vivo expressed ghrelin. And the most strikingly, the short ghrelin analog seems to mimic the biological effects more efficiently when compared with the full-length ghrelin.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 1994

황산과 질산을 3 : 1의 비율로 혼합하여 조제한 인공산성비(pH 1.0${\sim}$5.0)처리가 몇가지 초화류의 종자발아와 유식물의 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 종자의 발아소요일수는 작물의 종류에 따라 1${\sim}$3일간의 차이가 있었으나 같은 종류에 있어서는 산도에 따른 차이는 없었다. pH가 1.0인 산성비 처리에서는 본 시험에 사용한 모든 종자가 발아하지 않았다. 그리고 pH 2.0에서는 꽃양배추와 제라니움이 발아되지 않았고, 발아한 종자도 근모가 발생하지 못하였다. 배축과 유근의 길이는 pH 수준에 따라 유의성있는 차이를 보였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.628-632
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect and its mechanism on Radix Aconiti(RA) extract in lung cancer cell lines. RA extract treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent fashions in lung cancer cells including A549, H460, H23 and H157 cells. Many investigators reported that A549 and H460 cells expressed wild-type p53, but H23 and H157 cells preserved mutated p53. After treatment with RA extract in A549 and H460 cells, we measured the expression of p53 protein levels using Western blot. analysis. In both cells treated with RA extracts, p53 protein expressions were increased in a dose-dependent manner. In our experiments, RA extracts also have cytotoxic effects in H23 and H157, which have mutated p53. Treatment with RA extract decreased bcl-2 protein expressions in both cells. These results suggest that RA extracts have cytotoxic effects via p53 expression increase and bcl-2 inhibitable pathways in A549, H460 cells and H23, H157 cells, respectively.

• 한국전통의학지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect and its mechanism on Radix Aconiti(RA) extract in lung cancer cell lines. RA extract treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent fashions in lung cancer cells including A549, H460, H23 and H157 cells. Many investigators reported that A549 and H460 cells expressed wild-type p53, but H23 and H157 cells preserved mutated p53. After treatment with RA extract in A549 and H460 cells, we measured the expression of p53 protein levels using Western blot. analysis. In both cells treated with RA extracts, p53 protein expressions were increased in a dose-dependent manner. In our experiments, RA extracts also have cytotoxic effects in H23 and H157, which have mutated p53. Treatment with RA extract decreased bcl-2 protein expressions in both cells. These results suggest that RA extracts have cytotoxic effects via p53 expression increase and bcl-2 inhibitable pathways in A549, H460 cells and H23, H157 cells, respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2011

Since 2005, food waste has been separately collected and recycled to animal feed or aerobic compost in South Korea. However, the conventional recycling methods discharge process wastewater, which contain pollutant equivalent to more than 50% of food waste. Therefore, anaerobic digestion is considered as an alternative recycling method of food waste to reduce pollutant and recover renewable energy. Recent studies showed that hydrogen can be produced at acidogenic stage in two-stage anaerobic digestion. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of pretreatment time and pH low set value on continuous mesophilic hydrogen fermentation of food waste. Food waste was successfully converted to $H_2$ when heat-treated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, which was milder than previous studies using pH 12 for 1 day or $90^{\circ}C$. Organic acid production dropped operational pH below 5.0 and caused a metabolic shift from $H_2/butyrate$ fermentation to lactate fermentation. Therefore, alkaline addition for operational pH at or over 5.0 was necessary. At pH 5.3, the result showed that the maximum hydrogen productivity and yield of 1.32 $m^3/m^3$.d and 0.71 mol/mol $carbohydrate_{added}$. Hydrogen production from food waste would be an effective technology for resource recovery as well as waste treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1865-1873
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• 2007

An experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and lysine on carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers from 1 to 56 days of age. A total of 2,970 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to nine dietary treatments (three ME levels in combination with three lysine levels), and dietary ME and lysine concentrations were formulated by varying corn, soybean meal, tallow, and L-lysine sulfate concentrations. Live body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), dressing percent, breast muscle weight (BMW), yield of breast muscle, muscle color (CIE L*, a*, and b*), pH values 45 min and 24 h postmortem ($pH_{45}$, and $pH_{24}$), meat shear force value (SFV), and water loss rate (WLR) were evaluated. Results showed that live body weight and dressing percent increased (p<0.05) as dietary energy increased. Higher dietary lysine content improved breast muscle weight. Neither carcass weight nor yield of breast muscle was affected by dietary energy or lysine content. Higher ME increased the b* value (p = 0.067) and $pH_{24}$ value (p<0.05), whereas it decreased SFV (p<0.05) and WLR (p = 0.06). Only water loss rate was influenced (p<0.01) by dietary lysine, which was higher in broilers from the high lysine diet as compared to those from medium or low lysine diets. The $pH_{45}$ value and L* value of breast muscle were not affected by ME or lysine. Significant interaction of dietary ME and lysine was found on a* value of breast muscle. These results indicated that dietary ME and lysine had important effects on breast muscle growth and meat quality, however their effects were different. Different concentrations of dietary ME and lysine might be considered to improve meat quality.