• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2004

Dyeing properties of Glycyrrhizae Radix was investigated with silk fabrics. Dyeing water is a type of chalcone, it showed yellow in IR spectrum. K/S value showed high in following conditions; Glycyrrhizae Radix $200g/1\ell4 water, $80^{\circ}$ of dyeing temperature, 90 minute of dyeing time. Glycyrrhizae Radix dyeing water has higher K/S value in alkalinity(pH9) than in neutrality(pH7) or acidity(pH3) conditions. K/S value showed highest in pH5 premordant method of alkalinity dyeing water condition. The color of silk fabric dyed with Glycyrrhizae Radix is yellow. The change of color did not show by mordant treatment. K/S value showed higher in mordant treatment than nonmordant. Light fastness showed over 3 degree in nonmordant, premordant, simmordant(Al,Cu,Fe) and postmordant(Cu). Water fastness showed over 3 degree in dyeing water(pH3, pH5, pH7). Dry cleaning fastness showed over 3 degree in all dyeing methods. Washing fastness is showed in 2-3 degree; Al in nonmordant, premordant, simmordant and Cu in simmordant are 2-3 degree. Perspiration fastness is nearly 3-4 degree in premordant and simmordant. Perspiration fastness shows high in premordant, simmordant than postmordant. The fastness of light, water, dry cleaning, washing, perspiration shows better nonmordant, premordant, simmordant than postmordant method.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.97-106
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• 2007

In this study, experiments are conducted to find out the effect of waste leachate on landfill clay liner system. Tensile test, hydrometer analysis and crack pattern test were conducted on sand-bentonite mixtures with different pH values of water. The tensile strength of specimen compacted with pH 9 of water is smaller than that of specimen compacted with for pH 3 and 6 of water. That is, the higher the pH value, the smaller the tensile strength, because a higher pH solution decreases flocculation phenomenon. The percent finer also increased with high pH value in particle size distribution of fine grained soil (<0.075 mm), because the velocity of particles settling decreases. This trend becomes the clearer as the content of bentonite, becomes the larger, because the higher pH value decreases flocculation structure of fine soils. The results of the crack pattern tests also showed the effect of pH values of water.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.419-428
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• 2021

The pH of cement-based materials (CBMs) is an important factor for their durability, sustainability, and long service life. Currently, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is becoming mandatory due to economic, environmental, and sustainable issues. There is a decreasing trend in pH of CBMs due to incorporation of SCMs. The determination of numerical values of pH is very important for various low and high volume SCMs blended cement mortars for the better understanding of different defects and durability issues during their service life. In addition, the effect of cement hydration and pozzolanic reaction of SCMs on the pH should be determined at initial and later ages. In this study, the effect of low and high-volume fly ash (FA) and ground granulated ballast furnace slag (GGBFS) cement mortars in different curing conditions on their pH values has been determined. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to support the findings from pH measurements. In addition, thermal conductivity (k-value) and strength activity indices of these cement mortars were discussed. The results showed that pH values of all blended cement mortars were less than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar in all curing conditions used. There was a decreasing tendency in pH of all mortars with passage of time. In addition, the pH of cement mortars was not only dependent on the quantity of Ca(OH)₂. The effect of adding SCMs on the pH value of cement mortar should be monitored and measured for both short and long terms.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine pH value of some alcoholic drinks sold in Korea and to provide the basic information which can cause dental erosion. Alcoholic drinks commercially sold were purchased from various big markets in Korea. The sorts of drinks tested in this study consisted of 5 brands of beers, 24 brands of makgeollis, 9 brands of wines and 12 brands of sojus. The test groups were selected randomly and the pH of each beverage was determined using a pH meter he each pH was measured. For statistical data, Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze difference for red wine and white wine and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the pH of each test group. The result of this study was as followings: the mean pH of 5 brands of beers was 4.21, that of 24 brands of makgeollis 3.88, of 9 brands of wines 3.34 and of 12 brans of sojus 7.86. Each test group was significantly different (p<0.05). Except for soju groups, the test groups had a low pH value which can cause dental erosion. In terms of comparing between pH value of red wine and white wine, the result of this study represented that the mean pH of red wine was 3.45 and that of white wine was 3.21. This result showed the pH of two kinds of wine had a low pH which can lead to dental erosion and the difference of two wine were significantly different (p<0.05). As a result, some drinks sold in Korea have a high erosive potential on teeth since they have a comparatively low pH expect soju. Hence, when we consume some kinds of alcoholic drinks, we make sure to remember that the alcoholics which had a low pH, can have an effect on dental erosion that mean we should avoid to drink some alcoholic drinks with low pH for long time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1275-1275
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• 2001

The pH value of grass silages is one important parameter to determine the quality of the forages. In an attempt to use NIRS spectra taken for other quality parameter of grass silage it has been shown that a good correlation between NIR spectra of the dried forage and pH value of the fresh forage could be determined. Further investigations revealed that the B coefficients of the pH value calibration were almost the same as the B coefficients of the sugar calibration multiplied with -1. And indead the pH value - in the fresh sample material - of the calibration set is strongly correlated with the sugar concentration - in the dried sample material. It is concluded that next to scientific tools in research the scientist and the user of NTRS equippment has to scrutinze his own work. Examples are given. NIRS is a powerfull technique, but pitfalls are present in surplus.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1988

This study was carried out in order to study the foaming properties of mungbean protein. Mungbean protein isolate was tested for the purpose of finding out the effect of pH, addition of sucrose on foaming properties. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Foam expansion values were generally depen. dent on protein concentration to 3% protein suspension. From 1% to 3% suspension, foam expansion values increased. However over 3% suspension, the values decreased. In 1% mungbean protein suspension, the foam expansion value of suspension at pH 4.5 was greater than that of at pH9. In 3%, 5%, and 10% suspensiona the foam expansion values of suspension at pH 7 was the lowest. Foam expansion value significantly decreased by the addition of sucrose. 2. The foam stability appeared the greatest value as protein concentration increased. It appeared the greatest value at pH 4.5. When sucrose was added, the foam stability increased. The more sucrose was added, the better foam stability was.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.170-177
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• 2014

This study was conducted to know the behavior of pH behavior in the tomato juices to find out an effective medium for microbial cultivation. Bacterial culture media is a material consist a mixture of nutrients used to grow microorganisms on or in it. In addition, microbial culture media can also be used for isolation, propagation, testing the nature physiological, and calculation of the number of microorganisms. Fresh tomato juice is used for basic ingredient, therein added salt, sugar and EM (Effective Microbial). The fermented solution placed in a room with a temperature of 40oC. Data retrieval before the pH value reached a constant value is done every 12 hours, after constant rate data collection was done every 24 hours. The pH value has been steady after 372 hours of fermentation process (15.5 days). From the results obtained that the amount of additional ingredient which added into tomato juice does not affect final pH value of solution. Thereby the most effective treatment for microbial cultivation media is treatment number four.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1976

Serum levels of human placental lactogen have been measured by hemagglutination-inhibition reaction in 67 normal pregnant state and in 15 postpartum 24 hour state, HAIR is less sensitive and reliable method than radioimmunoassay, but simple, rapid, less expensive and fairly accurate, so it is more helpful in screening of large antenatal population with or without high risk complications. 1) Sensitivity of HPL-HAIR test kit was $0.1{\mu}g$/ml of H.P.L. serum level and had no cross reaction to HCG or male serum or non-pregenant female or newborn infant, 2) H.P.L. value was around $2{\mu}g$/ml until 24th week of pregnancy and rose to $6{\sim}8$ ${\mu}g$/ml continuously until about 36th week of pregnancy and then slightly decreased or stationary. 3) H.P.L. value in postpartum 24 hour state was undetectable. 4) There was poor correlation between maternal serum H.P.L. value at term and baby weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1865-1873
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• 2007

An experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and lysine on carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers from 1 to 56 days of age. A total of 2,970 1-d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to nine dietary treatments (three ME levels in combination with three lysine levels), and dietary ME and lysine concentrations were formulated by varying corn, soybean meal, tallow, and L-lysine sulfate concentrations. Live body weight (BW), carcass weight (CW), dressing percent, breast muscle weight (BMW), yield of breast muscle, muscle color (CIE L*, a*, and b*), pH values 45 min and 24 h postmortem ($pH_{45}$, and $pH_{24}$), meat shear force value (SFV), and water loss rate (WLR) were evaluated. Results showed that live body weight and dressing percent increased (p<0.05) as dietary energy increased. Higher dietary lysine content improved breast muscle weight. Neither carcass weight nor yield of breast muscle was affected by dietary energy or lysine content. Higher ME increased the b* value (p = 0.067) and $pH_{24}$ value (p<0.05), whereas it decreased SFV (p<0.05) and WLR (p = 0.06). Only water loss rate was influenced (p<0.01) by dietary lysine, which was higher in broilers from the high lysine diet as compared to those from medium or low lysine diets. The $pH_{45}$ value and L* value of breast muscle were not affected by ME or lysine. Significant interaction of dietary ME and lysine was found on a* value of breast muscle. These results indicated that dietary ME and lysine had important effects on breast muscle growth and meat quality, however their effects were different. Different concentrations of dietary ME and lysine might be considered to improve meat quality.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to observe the inital acidity of zinc phosphate cements(Confit and Super Cem), poly carboxylate cement(Unident and Poly F), zinc oxide engenol cement(Stailine Super EBA) and g1ass ionomer cement(Fuji ionomer) Each cement was manuplated in accordance with each manufacturer's direction. All cements were mixed at the room temperature of $23^{\circ}{\pm}$, $5^{\circ}C$, and the electrode of pH meter(Ionanalyzer) was inserted in the mixed cement, and the acidity of cement were measured for 20 minutes from begining of cement mixing at $23^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ Results were as follows 1. The acidity of all cements ranges from pH 3, 5 to 4, 5 at 2 minutes after the start of mixing 2. The value of pH at $23^{\circ}C$ was higher than the value of pH at $37^{\circ}C$ in all cements. 3. As the time elapsed, the pH in all cements rose. The 20 minutes after the start of mixing the range of acidity was from pH 5 to pH 6 except Poly F. 4. In polycarboxylate cement, the different value of acidity at $23^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ was greatest. 5. The curve pattern of acidity in Unident was similar to that in Poly F cement The pH value of Unident was higher then that of Poly F, and value of pH in the curve pattern of acidity in Confit were similar to those in Super cement.