• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권9호
• /
• pp.1272-1275
• /
• 2001

Two hundred and forty post-larvae (PL) of fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were distributed in eight treatment groups with three replicates each. Eight experimental diets were prepared by using squilla (Orato squilla nepa), squid (Sepia pharonis) and clam (katelysia opima) alone or in different combination as source of animal protein and compared to a control diet containing fish meal. Total crude protein content for all dietary treatments was around 32%. Total protein content of fish meal was replaced by an equal amount of protein from different animal protein sources on isonitrogenous basis. Diets were fed at 5% of the body weight of post-larvae twice daily. The experiment was conducted for a period of 60 days. It was found that all the above three protein sources could be used by completely replacing fishmeal except clam meal at higher level of inclusion (26%). A combination of squid and squilla meal at 14% each in the diet increased the growth performance of PL significantly (p<0.05) in terms of Specific growth rate (SGR) % (5.17), FCR (2.12) and PER (1.51). Squilla meal can be used to the maximum level of 38% without any growth depression.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2016

세 수준(6.3, 9.5, 12.6 수/$m^2$)의 사육밀도와 사료 단백질 수준(19%, 18%)이 저속성장 육계(한협 3호)의 육성성적, 영양소 이용률, 닭고기 저장성, 육색, 계육 성분 및 뼈의 광물질 조성과 혈청 corticosterone 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사육 밀도는 한협 3호 육성성적에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 증체량은 저 밀도인 6.3 수/$m^2$ 구에서 가장 높았으며, 고밀도(12.6 수/$m^2$) 구에서 가장 낮았다. 특히 고사육 밀도에서는 사료섭취량이 유의적으로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 낮은 사료섭취량으로 인하여 고사육 밀도 계군의 사료요구율이 타 사육 밀도 계군의 사료요구율에 비하여 상대적으로 낮았다. 고밀도 계군에서의 사료 섭취량 저하와 낮은 사료요구율은 41~60일 구간보다는 61~75일 구간에 현저하게 나타났는데, 그 영향으로 전 사육기간의 사료섭취량과 사료요구율도 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사료 단백질 1% 차이는 증체량과 사료요구율에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 다만 41~75일 구간 사료섭취량은 단백질 19% 구에 비하여 오히려 18% 구에서 낮았다. 저장 중 계육의 TBARS 값은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 하지만 계육의 적색도와 명도는 사료 단백질 수준에 따라, 황색도는 사육 밀도에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 가슴육의 단백질 함량과 다리육의 Ca과 P의 함량은 각각 사료 단백질 수준과 사육밀도에 영향을 받았다. 사료의 단백질 수준과 사육밀도는 뼈의 회분함량 및 회분 중 Ca과 P의 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈청 corticosterone 함량은 사육밀도가 낮을수록 낮게 나타났으나, 사료 단백질 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. 본 연구 결과, 저속성장 육계 한협 3호 사육후기 단계에 고사육 밀도(12.6 수/$m^2$)로 사육하는 것은 생산성을 하락시킬 뿐 아니라, 혈청 corticosterone 함량도 높이므로 바람직하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한협 3호 육계의 후기 사료 단백질을 18% 수준으로 설계하더라도 생산성에 차이가 없음을 알게 되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2000

Determined sequences of 384 randomly selected clones in a PCR-based cDNA library of Antheraea yamamai could identify expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of highly expressed gene. One EST (fibroin) appeared 15 times, one EST (40S ribosomal protein S18) twelve times, one EST (ribosomal protein S24a) eleven times, ten times (ribosomal protein S8), nine times (60S ribosomal protein L10A), seven times (60S ribosomal protein S15A, S17, S17 and seroin), six times (ribosomal protein S8), five times (ribosomal protein S24, mariner transposase and P8 protein), four times (serpin 2), three times (heat shock protein 70 and poly A binding protein), and the remaining 6 ESTs twice (amylase, KIAA1006, elongation factor-1, transposon mag, translation initiation factor 4C, QM protein, transposase). Therefore, the 94 EST make it possible to identify 24 redundant clones that are candidates for highly expressed genes in posterior silk gland of this insect. The 24 redundant EST clones were identified in GenBank, but none of them was related to A. yamamai, suggesting that there are many unidentified genes which are highly expressed in the A. yamamai genome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.556-567
• /
• 2020

Objective: To improve the utility of native grass resources as feed in China, we investigated the dynamics of protein and carbohydrate fractions among Inner Mongolian native grasses, during ensiling and the aerobic stage, using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Methods: Silages were prepared without or with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant. We analyzed the protein and carbohydrate fractions and fermentation quality of silages at 0, 5, 15, 20, 30, and 60 d of ensiling, and the stability at 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 d during the aerobic stage. Results: Inner Mongolian native grass contained 10.8% crude protein (CP) and 3.6% water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) on a dry matter basis. During ensiling, pH and CP and WSC content decreased (p<0.05), whereas lactic acid and ammonia nitrogen (N) content increased (p<0.05). Non-protein N (PA) content increased significantly, whereas rapidly degraded true protein (PB₁), intermediately degraded true protein (PB₂), total carbohydrate (CHO), sugars (CA), starch (CB₁), and degradable cell wall carbohydrate (CB₂) content decreased during ensiling (p<0.05). At 30 d of ensiling, control and LAB-treated silages were well preserved and had lower pH (<4.2) and ammonia-N content (<0.4 g/kg of fresh matter [FM]) and higher lactic acid content (>1.0% of FM). During the aerobic stage, CP, extract ether, WSC, lactic acid, acetic acid, PB₁, PB₂, true protein degraded slowly (PB₃), CHO, CA, CB₁, and CB₂ content decreased significantly in all silages, whereas pH, ammonia-N, PA, and bound true protein (PC) content increased significantly. Conclusion: Control and LAB-treated silages produced similar results in terms of fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and protein and carbohydrate fractions. Inner Mongolian native grass produced good silage, nutrients were preserved during ensiling and protein and carbohydrate losses largely occurred during the aerobic stage.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물생명공학회 2005년도 2005 Annual Meeting & International Symposium
• /
• pp.245-247
• /
• 2005

A cellulolytic fungus isolated from Agave plantation in northeastern Thailand was identified as Acrophialophora nainiana. The fungus was capable of growing at pH between 3 - 7 and 25 - 45 $^{\circ}C$, with the optimum conditions at pH 5.0 and 40 $^{\circ}C$. The wild isolate produced cellulases, comprising of exoglucanase (0.019 U/mg protein), endoglucanase (0.366 U/mg protein), and ${\beta}$-glucosidase (0.001 U/mg protein). Mutations with UV and NTG produced the UV 10-2 mutant with cellulases activities including exoglucanase (0.093 U/mg protein), endoglucanase (0.585 U/mg protein), and ${\beta}$-glucosidase (0.013 U/mg protein). Purification of the enzymes with ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and ion-exchange chromatography yielded the maximal cellulase specific activities of 2.736 U/mg protein (exoglucanase), 0.235 U/mg protein (endoglucanase), and 0.008 U/mg protein (${\beta}$-glucosidase). The mutant's cellulases were the most active at pH 5.0 and 60 $^{\circ}C$. Ion-exchange chromatography revealed that A. nainiana UV 10-2 cellulases were comprised of two peaks with one peak showing the single endoglucanase activity while the other peak showed a mixture of the three enzyme activities. Production of A. nainiana UV 10-2 cellulases using banana leaf stalk as the sole carbon source gave comparable yields to that of the pure ${\alpha}$-cellulose. The enzymes were used in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of plant residue (Coix aquatica) along with Kluveromyces marxianus to produce ethanol. Moreover, when the enzymes were used in the bioscouring process of fabric, the desiravle traits of textile processing including immediate water absorbency, increased in whiteness and reduction of yellowness of the treated fabric were observed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 1997

High Temperature-cooking conditions of cultured fishes(loach, crucian carp, bastard halibut, and jacopever) were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM), and plastein products were prepared using enzymatic hydrolysis. Four models were proposed with regard to effects of time(t), temperature(T), and water/fish meat (w/f) ratio on the amount of 0.3M TCA soluble fractions. The model coefficients were ranged from p<0.0001 for jacopever to p<0.0433 for bastared halibut. Cooking conditions for 60% hydrolysis were optimized at 1) 14$0^{\circ}C$ except for crucian carp(136$^{\circ}C$); 2) 10.08 hours(loach), 7.25 hours(crucian carp), 9.85 hours(ba-stard harlibut), and 9.37 hours(iacopever); 3) 1:1(w/f) ratio except for the crucian carp(1.1:1). When protein hydrolyzates were employed for the plastein synthesis, optimum plastein-reaction conditions were determined to be pH 9.0 with chymotrypsin for the loach and crucian carp hydrolyzates, pH 9.0 with papain for the bastard halibut hydrolyzate, and pH 11.0 with trypsin for the jacopever hydrolyzate. Plastein reaction could be performed in water at concentration up to 20%(w/f).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.872-877
• /
• 2013

In a previous study, we isolated and reported a second species of the Saccharophagus genus, Saccharophagus sp. strain Myt-1. In the present study, an alginate lyase gene (algMytC) from the genomic DNA of Myt-1 was cloned and characterized. The DNA sequence fragment obtained contained an open reading frame of 1,032 bp that encoded a protein of 343 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 37.6 kDa and a pI of 6.60. The deduced protein, AlgMytC, had the conserved amino acid sequences (RTELREM, QIH, YFKAGVYNQ) of the polysaccharide lyase family 7. A BLAST homology search indicated that AlgMytC shared an amino acid sequence identity of 95.9% with alg7A of S. degradans 2-40. The cloned and purified AlgMytC protein showed optimal activity at $40^{\circ}C$, and retained more than 90% of its total activity even after treatment at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. AlgMytC was very alkaliphilic with an optimal pH of 9.0, and more than 90% of its activity was retained in the pH range 8.5-10.0. Moreover, AlgMytC was stable over a wide pH range. The activity of AlgMytC was also stable in the presence of various detergents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.497-503
• /
• 2004

The effect of adding carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs to sweet potato leaves (SPL) on silage quality was studied using a total of 180 laboratory silos. Silage quality was assessed by changes of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_{3}$-N). Pre-wilted SPL was mixed with cassava root meal (CRM), sweet potato root meal (SPM) or sugar cane molasses (Mo) at levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ (air-dry weight of additives to pre-wilted weight of SPL). Samples for assessing silage quality were collected after mixing the SPL with the additive and thereafter at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of ensiling. There was a marked decrease in pH after 7 days and the pH remained low and stable until day 56. Addition of 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ resulted in a lower pH (p<0.05) than the other treatments. The DM content of the silage increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive, while there were no differences in DM with time of ensiling. The CP content of the silage decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive. The CP content did not change up to 28 days, but was lower (p<0.05) after 56 days in all treatments. The $NH_{3}$-N levels were increasing (p<0.05) with time of ensiling, and were lower (p<0.05) with additive levels of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ or higher. Also, the additive source affected the $NH_{3}$-N values, with the lowest values found for Mo. Castrated male pigs (Large White$\times$Mongcai) were used in 4$\times$4 Latin square design to study the total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) utilisation of diets with inclusion of ensiled SPL. The diets were based on cassava root meal with inclusion of protein from either fish meal (C) or SPL ensiled with CRM (D1), SPL ensiled with SPM (D2) and SPL ensiled with Mo (D3). The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and CP were higher (p<0.05), and the digestibility of crude fibre (CF) was lower (p<0.05), in diet C than in diets D1, D2 and D3. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in digestibility of dietary components between diets D1, D2 and D3. Also, the excretion of N in faeces was higher (p<0.05) and the N retention was lower (p<0.05) in diets D1, D2 and D3 than in diet C. It can be concluded from the present experiments, that a good quality silage can be produced from pre-wilted SPL by addition of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ of either CRM, SPM or Mo. Diets with inclusion of 450 g ensiled SPL $kg^{-1}$ DM showed a high digestibility of dietary components and thus ensiled SPL should be considered as a potential feed resource for growing pigs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.209-212
• /
• 2006

We investigated the effect of protein extract of Asterina pectinifera on the activity of 4 enzymes that may playa role in adenocarcinoma of the colon: quinone reductase (QR), glutathione Stransferase (GST), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. QR and GST activity increased in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells increased that had been exposed to 4 concentrations of the protein extract (80, 160, 200, and $240{\mu}g/mL$). Additionally, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ODC activity decreased significantly in cells exposed to the extract in concentrations of $160{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05), $200{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.005), and $240{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.005). TPA-induced COX-2 activity also decreased in cells exposed to extract concentrations of 10, 20, 40, and $60{\mu}g/mL$. COX-2 expression was also inhibited in cells exposed to this extract. These results suggest that this protein extract of A pectinifera has chemopreventive activity in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells, and therefore, may have the potential to function as a chemopreventive agent in human colorectal cancer.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of dietary nutrients and serum heavy metals in college women living Choong-Nam area of Korea. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 22.9years, 158.74cm, 53.39kg, and 21.71kg/$m^2$ respectively. The mean daily energy intake was 85.9% of RDA for Koreans. The ratio of energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein was 61:23:16. And the daily vitamin A, B$_2$, Ca were 90%, 78%, 60% of RDA for Korea, respectively. The mean serum levels of Pb, Cd, Cr were 0.190, 0.005, 0.025$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, respectively. The serum Cd was significantly different with dietary carbohydrate(p＜0.05). And the serum Cr was significantly different with dietary protein intake(p＜0.05), phosphorus(p＜0.01), potassium(p＜0.05). respectively.