• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine sensory and chemical traits of reduced-fat frankfurters made with lean lamb or lean lamb/pork (50%/50%), fat from three different sources(pork fat, lamb fat or high-oleic sunflower oil) and added water products designated as L-P-15, LP-L-15, LP-So-15 and LP-P-15, according to lean meat type, source of added fat and target fat content and to compare such products with a similar reduced-fat product made with lean beef/pork (50%/50%) with pork fat(product designated as BP-P-15) and high-fat products made with lean beef/pork (50%/50%) or lamb/pork (50%/50%) with pork fat (BP-P-30 and LP-P-30). Actual fat contents of reduced-fat and high-fat products formulated for 15% and 30% fat were 17~18% and 28~31%, respectively, after processing. Processing yields were lower for all reduced-fat products than for the high-fat products. Trained sensory panelists rated LP-P-15 less intense in lamb flavor as compared to LP-L-15 and LP-So-15. Off-flavor intensity was positively correlated with lamb-flavor intensity (r=0.80), whereas frankfurter-flavor intensity was negatively correlated with lamb-flavor intensity (-0.88) and off-flavor intensity (r=-0.90). According to consumer panelists, LP-P-15 was as desirable in flavor as BP-P-15 or the two high-fat products (BP-P-30 and LP-P-30), while LP-So-15 and LP-L-15 were not. LP-P-15 and BP-P-15 were not notably different from their high-fat counterparts in juiciness and texture desirability and overall palatability. Regardless of fat content, meat type and fat source, there was little lipid oxidation when vacuum-packaged products were refrigerated for 12 weeks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

Aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been reported in all major types of leukemia with potential involvement in the inactivation of regulatory cell cycle and apoptosis genes. However, most of the previous reports did not show the extent of concurrent methylation of multiple genes in the four leukemia types. Here, we analyzed six key genes (p14, p15, p16, p53, DAPK and TMS1) for DNA methylation using methylation specific PCR to analyze peripheral blood of 78 leukemia patients (24 CML, 25 CLL, 12 AML, and 17 ALL) and 24 healthy volunteers. In CML, methylation was detected for p15 (11%), p16 (9%), p53 (23%) and DAPK (23%), in CLL, p14 (25%), p15 (19%), p16 (12%), p53 (17%) and DAPK (36%), in AML, p14 (8%), p15 (45%), p53 (9%) and DAPK (17%) and in ALL, p15 (14%), p16 (8%), and p53 (8%). This study highlighted an essential role of DAPK methylation in chronic leukemia in contrast to p15 methylation in the acute cases, whereas TMS1 hypermethylation was absent in all cases. Furthermore, hypermethylation of multiple genes per patient was observed, with obvious selectiveness in the 9p21 chromosomal region genes (p14, p15 and p16). Interestingly, methylation of p15 increased the risk of methylation in p53, and vice versa, by five folds (p=0.03) indicating possible synergistic epigenetic disruption of different phases of the cell cycle or between the cell cycle and apoptosis. The investigation of multiple relationships between methylated genes might shed light on tumor specific inactivation of the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2083-2087
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• 2014

Colorectal cancers remain to be a common cause of cancer-related death. Early-onset cases as well as those of various ethnic origins have aggressive clinical features, the basis of which requires further exploration. The aim of this work was to examine the expression patterns of $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma of different ethnic origins. Fifty-five sporadic colorectal carcinoma of Egyptian origin, 25 of which were early onset, and 54 cancers of Finnish origin were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 proteins. Data were compared to the methylation status of the $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor. $p15^{INK4b}$ was totally lost or deficient (lost in ${\geq}50%$ of tumor cell) in 47/55 (85%) tumors of Egyptian origin as compared to 6/50 (12%) tumors of Finnish origin (p=7e-15). In the Egyptian cases with $p15^{INK4b}$ loss and available $p15^{INK4b}$ promotor methylation status, 89% of cases which lost $p15^{INK4b}$ expression were associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation. SMAD4 was lost or deficient in 25/54 (46%) tumors of Egyptian origin and 28/48 (58%) tumors of Finnish origin. 22/54 (41%) Egyptian tumors showed combined loss/deficiency of both $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4, while $p15^{INK4b}$ was selectively lost/deficient with positive SMAD4 expression in 24/54 (44%) tumors. Loss of $p15^{INK4b}$ was associated with older age at presentation (>50 years) in the Egyptian tumors (p=0.04). These data show for the first time that $p15^{INK4b}$ loss of expression marks a subset of colorectal cancers and ethnic origin may play a role in this selection. In a substantial number of cases, the loss was independent of SMAD4 but rather associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation and old age which could be related to different environmental exposures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.236-247
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intake and food variety in Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed 1,555 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years using data from the combined 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). In this study, subjects were divided according to age group (12~14 y, 15~18 y). The nutrient intake, ND (nutrient density), food intake and food score from each food group, variety and food intakes of meals, DDS (dietary diversity score), and GMVFDO (grain, meat, vegetable, fruit, dairy and oil food group) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Results: The results showed that the 15~18 age groupskipped breakfast significantly more often than the 12~14 age group (p < 0.0001). The 15~18 age group consumed significantly higher quantities of fat per 1,000 kcal compared to the 12~14 age group (p = 0.0069). Regarding food variety, the 15~18 age group showed a significantly higher intake (p < 0.0001) and score (p < 0.0001) from beverages than the 12~14 age group, whereas the 15~18 age group showed a significantly lower intake (p = 0.0084) and score (p = 0.0253) from milk than the 12~14 age group. In addition, DDS in the 15~18 age group (4.33) tended to be lower than that of the 12~14 age group (4.44) (p = 0.0727). Conclusion: Proper dietary management regarding meal variety is needed for the 15~18 age group, and more systematic studies to investigate the meal variety roles of adolescents are required.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.825-833
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• 2022

Objective : ABM/P-15 (anorganic bone matrix/15-amino acid peptide fragment) is a commercially available synthetically manufactured P-15 collagen peptide fragment, that is adsorbed on ABM. This study was done to investigate the efficacy of ABM/P-15 in achieving fusion in the lumbar spine and comparing it with that of recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Methods : A retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data of 140 patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgeries in a single specialty spine hospital between 2016 and 2020, with a minimum 6-month follow-up was conducted. Based on the material used for the augmentation of the bone graft at the fusion site, the patients were divided into three categories namely ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM group. Results : ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM were used in 46, 44, and 50 patients, respectively. Patient characteristics like age, gender, bone mineral density, smoking history, and presence of diabetes mellitus were comparable amongst the three groups. Average follow-up was 16.0±5.2, 17.9±9.8, and 26.2±14.9 months, respectively in ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM groups. The fusion was achieved in 97.9%, 93.2%, and 98% patients while the average time-to-union was 4.05±2.01, 10±4.28, and 9.44±3.49 months (p<0.001), respectively for ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM groups. The average pre-operative Visual analogue scale score was 6.93±2.42, 7.14±1.97, 7.01±2.14 (p=0.900) for ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2 and DBM groups, respectively, which reduced to 1.02±0.80, 1.21±0.96, and 0.54±0.70 (p=0.112), respectively at the last follow up. Pre-operative Oswestry disability index scores were 52.7±18.02, 55.4±16.8, and 53.56±19.6 (p=0.751) in ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM groups, which post-operatively reduced to 33.77±15.52, 39.42±16.47, and 38.3±15.89 (p=0.412) and further to 15.74±8.3, 17.41±10.45, and 16.76±9.81 (p=0.603), respectively at the last follow-up. Conclusion : ABM/P-15 appears to achieve union significantly earlier than rhBMP-2 and DBM in lumbar spinal fusion cases while maintaining a comparable clinical and complication profile.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6239-6244
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• 2012

Background: The basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSK). BCC might develop because of the faulty cell cycle arrest. $p15^{INK4b}$ is a tumor suppressor gene, involved in cell cycle arrest and inactivated in most human cancers. The role of $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression in the genesis of BCC is as yet unknown. In a previous study we showed the absence of $p15^{INK4b}$ expression in the majority of tissue microarray cores of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs), another type of non-melanoma skin cancer, indicating that $p15^{INK4b}$ could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous SCC. The aim of this study was to investigate $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression in BCCs. Materials and Method: Protein expression of $p15^{INK4b}$ in 35 cases of BCC tissue arrays and 19 cases of normal human skin tissue was studied using an immunohistochemical approach. Results: The expression of $p15^{INK4b}$ was not significantly different in the BCC cases as compared with normal human skin (p=0.356; p>0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic variables of patients (age and sex) and $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression. Conclusions: Our finding may indicate that $p15^{INK4b}$ protein expression does not play a role in the genesis of BCC.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.539-545
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• 1992

Recombinant plasmid pPLac15 determined both phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase uptake of lactose and phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase (Moon et al., 1989). A restriction mapping of the pPLac15 was compiled with several restriction enzymes and a seriese of sub clones into pUC18 was constructed. From an analysis of the proteins produced by Escherichia coli cells of transformants containing each of the recombinant subclone plasmids, it was found that the gene for phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase in pUCI8 was expressed about 1.8-folds in E. coli.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2022

The microdeletion syndrome of chromosome 2p15p16.1 (MIM: 612513) is an extremely rare contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Microdeletions of varying sizes in the 2p15-16.1 region are associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, hypotonia, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Previous studies have identified two critical regions: the proximal 2p15 and distal 2p16.1 regions. BCL11A, PAPOLG, and REL genes play crucial roles in patients with 2p16.1 microdeletion. To our knowledge, only 39 patients have been reported as having 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. Here, we present another patient with 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. A nine-month-old boy was referred to our clinic for the psychomotor delay, facial dysmorphism, and congenital hypothyroidism. During his follow-up visits, he was diagnosed with global developmental delay, intellectual disability, abnormal behavior, hypotonia, microcephaly, and abnormal electroencephalography. Using a chromosomal microarray for genetic analysis, a novel, de novo, 622 kb microdeletion of 2p16.1 was identified as one of the critical regions of the 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome. This is the first case of its kind in Korea. We have discussed our case and literature reviews to clarify the relationship between the genes involved and clinical phenotypes in 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9131-9136
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• 2014

ELDF15, homologous with AT2 receptor-interaction protein 1 (ATIP1), may play an important role in cell differentiation, proliferation, and carcinogenesis. We aimed to understand the biological function of ELDF15 via construction and transfection of a recombinant expression vector containing antisense ELDF15. Recombinant expression vectors were successfully constructed and transfected into K562 cells. A stable transfectant, known as pXJ41-asELDF15, stably produced antisense ELDF15. Compared with K562 and K562-zeo cells, K562-pXJ41-asELDF15 cells showed inhibition of cell proliferation. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression and protein level of ELDF15 decreased significantly in K562 cells transfected with pXJ41-asELDF15. Expression of hemoglobin increased in K562 cells transfected with pXJ41-asELDF15 by benzidine staining. increases NBT reduction activity in K562 cells transfected with pXJ41-asELDF15.Colony forming efficiency in two-layer soft agar was clearly inhibited as assessed by electron microscopy. These results suggest that ELDF15 plays a potential role in cell differentiation, proliferation and carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.295-303
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• 2012

Removal of total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) was evaluated in a DEPHANOX process by adding Al(III) to the separator to maintain T-P in the final effluent below 0.2 mg/L. pH in each reactor was maintained 7~8 after addition of Al(III) to the levels of 5, 10, 15 mg/L. The removal efficiency of COD and T-N decreased at higher Al(III) dose, but T-P removal efficiency increased from 76.28 to 84.02, 94.66% at Al(III) dose of 5, 10, 15 mg/L, respectively. T-P in effluent showed 0.17 mg/L at Al(III) dose of 15 mg/L. Minimum 15 mg/L of Al(III) was required to maitain T-P below 0.2 mg/L in the final effluent.