• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Objectives : To investigate clinical and symptomatic differences among motoric subtypes of delirium. Methods : A total of 256 patients referred to psychiatric consultation services for delirium due to general medical condition were assessed retrospectively. Motoric subtypes were determined according to Lipowski's criteria for hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed subtypes. All patients were evaluated according to Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98(DRS-98-R) by trained psychiatrists to obtain symptomatic profiles of delirium. Results : Hyperactive subtype were 50.8%(n=130), mixed 46.1%(n=118) and hypoactive 3.1%(n=8). Hyperactive patients were younger than mixed subtype($69.62{\pm}13.976$ vs. $73.97{\pm}11.569$, p=0.022) and received antipsychotics to manage symptoms of delirium more frequently(83.8% vs. 57.6%, p<0.001). Hyperactive patients had higher DRS-R-98 scores on both noncognitive($7.14{\pm}3.543$ for hyperactive, $5.62{\pm}3.279$ for mixed subtype) and cognitive subscales($10.00{\pm}3.574$ for hyperactive, $6.38{\pm}2.875$ for hypoactive, $7.43{\pm}3.771$ for mixed subtype, p<0.001). Conclusions : We demonstrated that clinical and symptomatic profiles were different across motoric subtypes in delirium. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach should be made differently according to motoric subtypes of delirium and special attention is needed not to underestimate or delay treatment in specific motoric subtype of delirium.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing intra-operative core body temperature (CBT), and to develop a predictive model for intra-operative CBT in laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods: The prospective observational study involved 161 subjects, whose age, weight, and height were collected. The basal pre-operative CBT, pre-operative blood pressure, and heartbeat were measured. CBT was measured 1 hour and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum. Results: Explanatory factors of intra-operative hypothermia (< $36^{\circ}C$) were weight (${\beta}=.361$, p< .001) and pre-operative CBT (${\beta}=.280$, p= .001) 1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (Adjusted $R^2=.198$, F= 7.56, p< .001). Weight was (${\beta}=.423$, p< .001) and pre-operative CBT was (${\beta}=.206$, p= .011) 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum (Adjusted $R^2=.177$, F= 5.93, p< .001). The researchers developed a predictive model for intra-operative CBT ($^{\circ}C$) by observing intra-operative CBT, body weight, and pre-operative CBT. The predictive model revealed that intra-operative CBT was positively correlated with body weight and pre-operative CBT. Conclusion: Influence of weight on intra-operative hypothermia increased over time from 1 hour to 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum, whereas influence of pre-operative CBT on intraoperative hypothermia decreased over time from 1 hour to 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum. The research recommends pre-warming for laparoscopic surgical patients to guard against intra-operative hypothermia.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 1984

Regneration process of Abies koreana-Pinus koraiensis community consisted of a subalpione coniferous forest in Mt. Jiri, Korea, was studied in relation to age structure, especially to gap formation. The tall-tree layer (ca. 6.5m) is dominated by Abies koreana and Pinus koraiensis, while lower layer by the sapling and juveniles of A. koreana and Picea jezoensis below 2m tall. The ranges of DBH in A. koreana, P. koraiensis and P. jezonesis were 11.8cm~26.4m, 11.7cm~24.5 cm and 18.2cm~21.7 cm, respectively. The trees below 130 cm tall had contagious distribution, while tall and subtall trees had uniform distribution. The average tree ages of A. koreana, P. koraieniensis and P. jezoensis were 60~70 years, 70~80 years and 70~90 years, respectively. The saplings and juveniles below 20 years in tree ages were occupied over 80% of total trees. The coniferous trees in the gaps or around dead trees were composed of sapligs and juveniles which had emerged or invaded about 20 years before and after the gap formation. The Betula type regeneration of the coniferous forest took place in gaps which orginated from the failing down of a single or a few trees by longevity. Accordingly, it is clear that the subalpine coniferous forest composed of A. koreana of A. koreana, P. koraiensis and P. jezoensis in Mt. jiri was supporting by the regeneration pattern of Betula type.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.711-721
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• 2013

This survey was conducted to compare food habit and food service satisfaction of high school students in urban and rural areas. The questionnaires were collected from 130 students in Daejeon and 140 in Geumsan. 19.8% of students skipped breakfast because of no time(48.7%), just habit(28.2%), no appetite(20.5%), for weight control(2.6%). The dietary behavior of rural students was better than city in taking snacks and light meal(p<0.05). For health they concerned highly about nutrition label expiration date of processed foods(72.3%) and least in considering nutrition than taste & price(37.9%). The satisfaction of food served was highest in nutrition(3.31), and taste(3.28), smell (3.23), color(3.03), temperature(3.02). The food service satisfaction of rural students was higher than city in proper temperature(p<0.001), nutrition(p<0.01), color(p<0.001). The satisfaction of rural students was higher than city in quantity of bap & side dishes, quality of food materials(p<0.001). The satisfaction of rural students was higher than city in convenience of dining hall, rapidity of food distribution, offer of nutrition information, sanitation of utensils & meals(p<0.001). It is suggested that school dietitian in city should be more concerned about sanitary food service based on students' dietary life & preference.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.127-130
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• 1997

The removal of algae was conducted by loess, aluminum sulfate and PAC on a laboratory scale. The loess was consists of organic matter 1.4%, T-N $289{\mu}g/g$, T-P $17{\mu}g/g$, $Al841.2{\mu} g/g$, Fe $592.7{\mu}g/g$, Ca $10.6{\mu}g/g$, Mg $85.5{\mu}g/g$ and Mn $6.6{\mu}g/g$. Test water was dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa. When test water was mixed with 0.01, 0.05. and 0.1 g/$\ell$ of the loess in 5 minutes, after settled in 1 hour, the removal of chl-a was 2, 22, and 36% respectively. The removal of chl-a was 69%, 70% in pH 4.5 and 9.0 and above 92% between pH 5.0 and 8.0 after the $2mg/{\ell}$ of aluminum sulfate was added. When the $2mg/{\ell}$ of PAC and $0.05g/{\ell}$ of loess were added to test water together, the removal of chl-a was 95-99% in pH 4.0-8.0, 60% in pH 9.0, and 18% in pH 10.0. The removal of chl-a was higher when loess, aluminum sulfate and PAC was used together than used alone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.385-385
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• 2012

A two terminal N+/P/N+ junction device to replace the conventional selective transistor was studied as a bilateral switching device for spin transfer torque (STT) MRAM based on 3D device simulation. An N+/P/N+ junction structure with $30{\times}30nm$ area requires bi-directional current flow enough to write a data by a drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) under a reverse bias at N+/P (or P/N+ junction), and high current on/off ratio of 106. The SiGe materials are widely used in hetero-junction bipolar transistors, bipolar compensation metal-oxide semiconductors (BiCMOS) since the band gap of SiGe materials can be controlled by changing the fraction and the strain epilayers, and the drift mobility is increased with the increasing Ge content. In this work, N+/P/N+ SiGe material based junction provides that drive current is increased from 40 to $130{\mu}A$ by increased Ge content from 10~80%. When Ge content is about 20%, the drive current density of SiGe device substantially increased to 2~3 times better than Si-based junction device in case of 28 nm P length, which is sufficient current to operation of STT-MRAM.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the professional competency of nurses working in emergency medical institutions that use the Korean Triage Acuity Scale (KTAS), and to identify factors that affect them. Methods: This study collected data from 105 nurses working in emergency medical institutions from June to August 2020. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression were performed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: As for the professional competency in triage, the higher the self-efficacy (β= 0.58, p< .001), the more experience they have in triage-related education (β= 0.30, p< .001), 2-4 years of clinical experience in emergency department (β= 0.19, p= .002), in case of triage alone (β= 0.24, p< .001), the higher the level of education a nurse has (β= 0.19, p= .003), the higher the professional competency in triage. These variables explained professional competency in a total of 64.2% of the participants (F = 38.30, p< .001). Conclusion: To improve nurses' professional competence in triage, introducing manpower expansion, financial support, and the provision of appropriate places is suggested. In addition, it is necessary to repeatedly provide educational opportunities in an environment similar to actual clinical practice by developing various scenarios and introducing simulations and web-based formats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.703-710
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to detect association between genetic variation and economic trait in the porcine heart type fatty acid-binding protein gene as a candidate gene for the traits related with growth and meat quality in pigs. The H-FABP is a 15-kDa protein expressed in several tissues with high demand for fat metabolism such as cardiac and skeletal muscle and lactating mammary gland. H-FABP is small intracellular protein involved in fatty acid transport from the plasma membrane to the site of $\beta$-oxidation and/or triacylglycerol or phospholipid synthesis. In this study, H-FABP PCR-RFLP was performed in F$_2$ population composed of 214 individuals from an intercross between Korean Native Boars and Landrace sows. PCR products from two primer sets within H-FABP gene were amplified in 850bp and 700bp. Digestion of PCR products with the restriction digestion enzymes HaeⅢ and HinfⅠ, revealed fragment length polymorphisms(RFLPs). The genotype frequencies from H-FABP/HaeⅢ was .29 for genotype DD, .53 for genotype Dd, and .15 for genotype dd, respectively. The genotype frequencies of HH, Hh, and hh from H-FABP/HinfⅠ was .38, .41 and .20, respectively, in the population. Relationships between their genotypes and economic traits were estimated. In H-FABP/HaeⅢ locus, there were specific genotypes(Dd and dd) associated with economic traits such as body weights at 3, 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p〈.05 to .001). The ‘d’ allele was associated with gaining of body weight. In H-FABP/HinfⅠ locus, Genotypes of HH and Hh associated with growth traits such as body weights at 5, 12, and 30 week of age (p〈.05 or p〈.001) and back fat thickness, body fat including abdominal and trimmed fat (p〈.001) and intramuscular fat(p〈.05) The ‘H’ allele was positively associated with gaining of body weight and fatness deposition. In conclusion, a significant association of the H-FABP gene from its genetic variation was found on body weight, intramuscular fat and backfat thickness.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2000

Objective: Our present studies were conducted to examine more effective isolating method of preantral follicles from mouse ovaries. Methods: ICR mice (3-6 weeks old) were sacrificed through cervical dislocation and their ovaries were removed and put into watch glasses containing Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Preantral follicles were isolated by three different methods; 1) enzymatical method and 2) mincing method, and 3) scraping method. Enzymatical method was carried out as following. Ovaries were bisected with a pair of fine 30G needles. Bisected ovaries were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ and 5% $CO_2$ incubator in 2-well dish containing Hams F-10 supplemented with collagenase 600 lU/ml and DNAse 20 lU/ml. After 20 min., follicles were isolated by repeated pipetting. Isolated preantral follicles were collected, and the remnant of tissues was placed in incubator and previous procedure was repeated. Mincing method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles attached to 1 ml syringes and minced ovary. Scraping method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles and scratched to surface of ovary. The differences between isolating methods were analyzed using Student's t-test and Chi-square. Results were considered statistically significant when ${\rho}$ value was less than 0.05. Results: In handling time, mincing or scraping method ($28{\pm}3.42$ min or $16{\pm}1.58$ min) were significantly (p<0.00001) shorter than enzymatical method ($72{\pm}1.69$ min), and scraping method was significantly (p<0.01) shorter than mincing method. Total number of isolated follicles was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in enzymatical method ($49.8{\pm}3.91$) than in mincing or scraping method ($25.3{\pm}2.33$ or $20.5{\pm}1.75$). Isolated follicles in ${\leq}$90${\mu}m$ were significantly (p<0.005) higher in enzymatical method ($15{\pm}1.71$) than in mincing or scraping method ($7.8{\pm}0.98$ or $8.1{\pm}1.31$). In 91~130 ${\mu}m$, isolated follicles were significantly (p<0.0005) higher in enzymatical method ($33{\pm}3.27$) than in mincing or scraping method ($16.3{\pm}1.82$ or $10.7{\pm}1.38$). In ${\geq}$ 131 ${\mu}m$, isolated follicles were not significantly differences between all groups. In equal sizes, the rate of isolated follicles in ${\leq}$ 90 ${\mu}m$ was highest in scraping method (39.6% vs. enzymatical method: 30.1%, p<0.05; mincing method: 30.9%, p=0.11719, NS). Rate of follicles in $91{\sim}130$ ${\mu}m$ was significantly (p<0.05) lower in scraping method (52.7%) than in enzymatical or mincing method (66.3% or 64.5%). Rate of follicles in ${\geq}$131 ${\mu}m$ was highest in scraping method (8.3% vs. enzymatical or scraping method: 3.6%, p<0.05 or 4.6%, p=0.19053, NS). Conclusions: This study suggests that scraping method is simple and useful for isolation of preantral follicles, because this method reduced handling time and recovered enough follicles. The recovered rate of isolated follicles in diameter of 91 ~ 130 ${\mu}m$ was highest in all methods.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-120
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• 1988

A time series model with Laplacian (double-exponential) marginal distribution, NLAR(2), was proposed by Dewald and Lewis (1985). The special cases of NLAR(2) process and their properties are considered. Extensions to the NLAR(p) is discussed. It is shown that the NLAR(1) satisfies the strong-mixing conditions, hence the model-free prediction interval using the sample quantiles can be obtained.