• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.302-314
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake, indices of anemia, serum lipids, and their correlations in 40 Korean female college students aged 21 to 25 years. Fasting blood samples were collected in October. 1997 Nutrient intake was investigated by 24-hour recall method for three days. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, iron status and serum lipids of the subjects were determined. The mean values for age. height, weight, BMI and blood pressure of the subjects were 22.1 years, 160.6cm, 54.4kg and 109.1/66.9mmHg, respectively. According to the body composition analysis, total body water, % body fat, lean body mass and WHR were 26.7L. 29.5%, 36.5kg and 0.8, respectively. Average daily intake of energy was 1,858.4kcal. Protein, phosphorus, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin and vitamin C intakes were higher than the Korean recommended dietary allowence(RDA), whereas calcium, iron, vitamin A intakes were tower than that. Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(SI) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) were measured and transferrin saturation (TS%) was calculated from serum. The mean values for Hb, Hct, SI, TIBC and TS were 13.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, 41.6%,97.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, 319.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ and 31.9%, respectively. The Prevalence rates of iron deficiency assessed by Hb and Hct were found to be 10% and 2.5%, respectively. However, when assessed with TIBC, the prevalence rate of iron deficiency was increased to 32.5%. The mean values for serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), HDL-Chol, LDL-Chol concentrations and atherogenic index(AI) were 154.7mg/㎗, 80.0mg/㎗, 47.4mg/㎗, 91.3mg/㎗ and 2.6, respectively. Correlations among indices of anemia. there were positive correlations between Hb and Hct, between SI and TS : negative correlations between TIBC and TS or SI. Correlations among serum lipids, there were positive correlations between TC and TG or LDL-cholesterol. Energy intakes were correlated positively with TIBC(p＜0.05), and vitamin C intakes negatively correlated with Hb(P＜0.05). And vitamin A intakes were negatively correlated with TG(p＜0.01). TC(p＜0.05) and LDL-Chol(p＜0.01). Hb negatively correlated with TG(P＜0.05). Body weights(p＜0.05), lean body mass(p＜0.05) and total body water(p＜0.01) werenegatively correlated with Hb. BMI and WHR correlated with TG and TC(p＜0.01). These results indicated that subjects with higher energy intake and overweight had a tendency to have iron deficiency. Increases in BMI and WHR were related to increases in serum lipids levels and decreases in TIBC. The results also showed that serum lipids were decreased when vitamin A and iron intakes were sufficient.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2013

Experiments in a pilot-scale hybrid multi-stage unit system (HMUS) combination of ATAD and EGSB followed by SBR process for pig slurry treatment were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) and expended granular sludge bed (EGSB) followed by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. Contaminants in pig slurry with high organic matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content were completely removed in the combined process. The highest removal rate for CODcr among contaminants in the feed pig slurry was attained by about 43.3% in ATAD unit process. Also TS removal rate of 96.5% was attained and the highest in the next coagulation unit process. The highest removal rate of CODcr under operating parameter conditions of OLR(organic loading rate), 3-6Kg $COD/m^3{\cdot}day$ and line velocity, 1.5-4m/h was earned at 3days of HRT. The disinfection of pathogens was effective at 50,000mg/L of TS in ATAD unit process. Biogas production per organic removal was $2.3{\sim}8.5m^3/kgTS{\cdot}d$ (average $5.2m^3/kgTS{\cdot}d$) in EGSB unit process. The average removal rates of CODcr 71.7%, TS 64.1%, TN 45.9%, and TP 50.4% were earned in the intermittent aeration SBR unit process.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2006

Laboratory tests have revealed that the liquefaction resistance of sands depends strongly upon the degree of saturation, which is expressed in terms of the pore pressure coefficient, B. The velocity of compression waves(i.e. P-waves), which have been known to be influenced largely by the degree of saturation and can be measured conveniently in the field, appears as an indicator of saturation. In this paper, the Stokoe type torsional shear(TS) testing equipment is modified to saturate the specimen and measure the velocities of P-wave and S-wave and pore pressure buildup. The velocities of P-wave and S-wave for Toyoura sand from Japan is measured and compared at the various B-value (degree of saturation) which are partially saturated to fully saturated conditions. Additionally, the variation of the pore water pressure induced during undrained TS tests at the various B-value is measured and analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.790-795
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• 1995

Flocculant-producing microorganisms were isolated from soil samples using kaoline as the flocculating test material. One strain that had high flocculating activity among them was selected and identified as Arcuadendron sp. TS-49. The favorable medium for production of the flocculant was 3% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.1% $NH_4Cl$, 0.01% $MgSO_4$, and 0.05% $MnSO_4$ in 150ml of T.W. with initial pH 7.0.The optimum culture temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. The flocculant activity was observed most highly after 4 to 5 days of cultivation at the optimum condition and decreased significantly with the lapse of cultivation time. The flocculant was produced constituently and seemed to be degraded for ressimilation during cultivation. The productivity achieved by this system was about ten-fold higher than that of scrrening mediuim. This bioflocculant flocculated all tested solids, including various microorganisms and organic/inorganic compounds. Several qualitative analyses of the bioflocculant showed that it was a kind of glycoprotein containing sugars and protein.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2009

For a period of over 6 years, more than 160,000 milk samples were collected and analyzed to determine the influence of different seasonal temperatures and geographic regional location on milk composition in South Korea. Fat, protein, lactose, non fat milk solids (NFMS) and total solids (TS) contents were significantly higher among dairy cows milked in winter season than other seasons (p<0.05). In contrast, freezing point (FP), milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell count (SCC) were significantly higher in summer season than other seasons (p<0.05). The average SCC in the autumn season was $358{\times}10^3$/ml, which was lower than any other seasons (p<0.05). These results may be due to the changes in temperature during different seasons. Meanwhile, milk produced by dairy cows in central region had higher fat, protein, lactose, NFMS, TS and MUN and had lower SCC compared to other regions (p<0.05). Fat, TS, FP, MUN and citric acid in northeast region were lower than other regions (p<0.05). The SCC was significantly higher in southeast region than those of other regions (p<0.05). As a result, it might be possible that the differences in feeding management in each different region may affect the milk composition. In conclusion, present results indicated that milk composition is clearly influenced by both season and regional location. Therefore, based on these results, development of different feeding systems, according to season and region is needed to produce high quality and satiable milk production.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 1993

Strains degrading ethylene glycol(EG) and terephthalic acid(TPA) were isolated from water systems, and identified as Pseudomonas sp. They were named as Pseudomonas sp. EAW for EG and as Pseudomonas sp. TS2 for TPA. The optimal culture conditions of temperature, pH and nitrogen source were found to be $35^{\circ}C$, 7.5 and ammonium sulfate, respectively. The growth of strains and removal efficiency was slightly promoted by trace elements such as niacin and biotin in case of EG, and by trace elements such as $Na_2MoO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and thiamin i case of TPA. With increasing inoculation sloe for batch culture, the removal efficiency of EG by the strain EAW was conspicuously increased, while the removal efficiency of TPA by the strain TS2 was not changed as much as that of EG. The growth rate of the strain EAW was much more decreased than that of the strain TS2 in the enrichment medium, as the frequency of repeated-batch culture in the rich-medium increased. in case of real wastewater, growth rate and removal efficiencies of EG and TPA were lower than those in the enrichment medium. $COD_{Mn}\;and\;COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies after 48 hrs batch culture in real wastewater were 89% and 93%, respectively. The specific growth rate was inhibited when the initial concentration of EG or TPA was more than 25g/L.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Objectives: Tic disorders are highly heritable; however, growing evidence suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in their pathogenesis. Studies on these factors have been inconsistent, with conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the associations of pre- and perinatal exposure to Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorders (CTD) in Korean school-aged children. Methods: This case-control study used data from a large prospective cohort study. The primary outcome was TS/CTD diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Korean Version. Demographic, pre-, and perinatal information was obtained from the maternal questionnaires. Data between the TS/CTD and control groups were compared using the chi-squared or Student's t-test, as appropriate. Two-step logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between TS/CTD and pre- and perinatal risk factors. Results: We included of 223 children (78 with TS/CTD and 145 controls). Significant differences in the demographic data between the two groups were observed. The male sex ratio, mean parental age, parental final education level, and family history of tics were included as confounders. In the final adjusted multivariable model, TS/CTD was significantly associated with antiemetic exposure during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]=16.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-185.22, p=0.02) and medically assisted reproduction (OR=7.89, 95% CI 2.28-27.28, p=0.01). Conclusion: Antiemetic exposure and medically assisted reproduction are significantly associated with the risk of TS/CTD. These results should be replicated in future prospective and gene-by-environment studies.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.250-260
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate muscle function and symmetry index during whole body vibration exercise using lower extremity training posture for throwing athletes. For throwing athletes in their 20s(6 males, 4 females, age: 24.60±0.92years, height: 177.90±7.40cm, weight: 92.90±22.97kg), lower extremity training postures with squat, carphrase, and lunge movements. Whole body vibration exercise training was performed using. Tensiomyography(TMG) variables Time Delay(Td), Time Contraction(Tc), Time Sustain(Ts) Time Relaxation(Tr), and Displacement Maximumal(Dm) in the lower extremity joint muscles(biceps femoris(BF), gastrocnemius lateral(GL), gastrocnemius medial(GM), rectus femoris(RF), tibialis anterior(TA), lateral vastus(LV), medial latissimus(ML)), were measured to compare and analyze muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and left-right symmetry. The results of the study are left RF, VL, right VM (p<.05) in Td, VM (p<.05) in Tc, GM in Ts (p<.05), left RF in Tr, and right TA (p<. 05) showed a change. Therefore, it has been proven that various whole-body vibration training is an effective exercise with changes in muscle contraction, and stability of the core is secured by symmetry of the left and right muscles. For this reason, the whole body vibration exercise will have a positive effect on rehabilitation training, and it is believed that it will be able to improve performance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.157-165
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether unstable surface core exercise is more effective than stable surface core exercise on improving functional movement and balance and reducing pain in sedentary female workers with backpain. Participants were randomly assigned to an unstable surface core exercise(UEG; n=10) or a stable surface core exercise(SEG; n=10) group. They participated in the given exercise for 8 weeks. FMS, Y-Balance and VAS were measured before and after the participation in exercise, which were subjected to a repeated-measures ANOVA. In the case of a significant interaction between time and group, paired sample t-tests were conducted for a post hoc analysis within each subject group. Results indicated that FMS of the UEG had a significant effect on HS (p<.01), ASLR (p<.05) and TS(p<.001), but not for other variables. YBT did not show a significant effect for any variable (AT, PL, PM, TS), although the main effect of time was significant in both subject groups. VAS had a significant effect only in the UEG(p<.001). Our findings indicate that compared to SEG, UEG is more effective for improving functional movement and reducing pain, but not for improving balance, in sedentary female workers with backpain.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.112-116
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• 2005

Composite films were prepared with soy protein isolate (SPI) and various clay minerals by casting from polymer and clay water suspension. Effects of clay minerals on film thickness, moisture content (MC), tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability (WVP), and water solubility (WS) were tested. Properties including thickness, surface smoothness, and homogeneity of films prepared with organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT), Wamok clay (W-clay), bentonite, talc powder, and zeolite were comparable to those of control SPI films. TS increased significantly (p<0.05) in films prepared with O-MMT and bentonite, while WVP decreased significantly (p<0.05) in bentonite-added films. WS of most nanocomposite films decreased significantly (p<0.05).