• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Cu-methionine chelate(Cu-Met) and Cu-soy proteinate(Cu-SP) on the performance, small intestinal microflora and immune response in laying hens. A total of 960 Hy-line $Brown^{(R)}$ laying hens of 39 wks old were assigned to one of the following 6 dietary treatment: control(C), antibiotic(Avilamycine 6 ppm), Cu-Met 50 and Cu-Met 100(50 and 100 ppm Cu as Cu-methionine chelate), Cu-SP 50 and Cu-SP 100(50 and 100ppm Cu as Cu-soy proteinate). Each treatment was replicated 4 times with forty birds per replication, housed in 2 birds per cages. Forty birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 6 wks under 16 hours lighting regimen. Hen-day and hen-house egg production of groups treated with Antibiotic and Cu supplements tended to be higher than the control with significant difference (P<0.05) shown between Cu-Me 100 and control. Egg weight was significantly (P<0.05) heavier in antibiotic and Cu-SP treatments than Cu-Met treatments but they were not significantly different from the control. Eggshell strength, egg shell thickness, egg yolk color and Haugh unit were not significantly different among treatments. There were no significant differences in leukocytes and erythrocytes in the chicken blood. But mean corpuscular hemoglobin value(MCH) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP 100 than antibiotic treatment. The concentrations of serum IgG and IgA were not significantly different among treatments. Copper concentration in the liver tended to increase as the level of copper supplementation increased, that of Cu-SP 100 being significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the control and antibiotic treatment. Concentrations of iron and zinc of the liver were not significantly influenced by treatments. Populations of Cl. perfringens and Lactobacilli in the small intestinal content were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatments. Population of Cl. perfringens decreased and that of Lactobacilli increased in the copper supplemented groups. The result of this experiment showed that Cu-Met and Cu-SP are comparable to antibiotic in improving egg production in laying hens. Birds fed diets supplemented with Cu-SP produced heavier eggs than those fed diets with Cu-Met. There were no significant differences in the performances between 50 ppm and 100 ppm copper supplementation as organic forms.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-279
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• 1996

Damage produced by radiation elicits a complex response in mammalian cells, including growth rate changes and the induction of a variety of genes associated with growth control and apoptosis. At doses of 10,000 cGy or greater, the exposed individual was killed in a matter of minutes to a couple of days, with symptoms consistent with pathology of the central nervous system(CNS) including degenerative changes. The nature of the damage in irradiated cells underlies the unique hazards of ionizing radiation. Radiation injury to CNS is a rare event in clinical medicine, but it is catastrophic for the patient in whom it occurs. The incidence of cerebral necrosis has been reported as high as 16% for doses greater than 6,000 cGy. In this study, the effect of radiation on brain tissue was studied in vivo. Jun and p53 genes in the rat brain were induced by whole body irradiation of rat with 600Co in doses between 1 Gy and 100 Gy and analyzed for expression of jun and p53 genes at the postirradiation time up to 6 hours. Northern analyses were done using 1.8 Kb & 0.8 Kb-pGEM-2-JUN/Eco RI/Pst I fragments, 2.0 Kb-php53B/Bam HI fragment and ,1.1 Kb-pBluescript SK--ACTIN/Eco RI fragment as the digoxigenin or [${\alpha}^{32}P$] dCTPlabeled probes for Jun, p53 and ${\beta}$-actin genes, respectively. Jun gene seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 30 Gy. Jun was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 1 Gy and 10 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 20 Gr and 100 Gy, the expression of Jun was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. p53 gene in this study also seemed to be expressed near the threshold levels in 1 hour after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose less than 1 Gy and was expressed in maximum at 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose of 1 Gy, p53 was expressed increasingly with time until 5 or 6 hours after irradiation of $^{60}$Co in dose between 1 Gy and 40 Gy. After irradiation of $^{60}$Co in doses of 50 Gy and 100 Gy, the expression of p53 was however increased to peak in 2 hours and decreased thereafter. The expression of Jun and p53 genes was not correlative in the brain tissue from rats. It seemed to be very important for the establishment of the optimum conditions for the animal studies relevant to the responses of genes inducible on DNA damage to ionizing radiation in mammalian cells. But there are many limitations to the animal studies such as the ununiform patterns of gene expression from the tissue because of its complex compositions. It is necessary to overcome the limitations for development of in situ Northern analysis.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.226-235
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• 2024

InP quantum dots (QDs) have attracted researchers' interest due to their applicability in quantum dot light-emitting displays (QLED) or biomarkers for detecting cancers or viruses. The surface or interface control of InP QD core/ shell has substantially increased quantum efficiency, with a quantum yield of 100% reached by introducing HF to inhibit oxide generation. In this study, we focused on the control of bandgap energy of quantum dots by changing the Zn/(In+Zn) ratio in the In(Zn)P core. Zinc incorporation can change the photoluminescent light colors of green, yellow, orange, and red. Diluting a solution of as-synthesized QDs by more than 100 times did not show any quenching effects by the Förster resonance energy transfer phenomenon between neighboring QDs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1993

The purpose of the this study was to research the interrelationship of periodontal status and patient's age between diabetic group and non-diabetic group and compare that of periodontal status according to the blood sugar level and duration of diabetics. The participants of this study were 52 diabetic patients and 51 non-diabetic patients. The diabetic group and non-diabetic group were further divided into four subgroups according to the age(under 35 years old, 36 - 45 years old, 46 - 55 years old, over 56 years old) and the diabetic group was further divided into three subgroups according to the duration of diabetics (under 5 years, 6 - 10 years, over 11 years) and blood sugar level(under 140mg/100ml, 140-200mg/100ml, over 200mg /100ml), respectively. Author evaluated such periodontal status as plaque index and calculus index, gingival lndex, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth, and then data was statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC+ using ANOVA, respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth of diabetic patients were significantly higher than that of non-diabetic patients, respectively(p <0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between diabetic group and non-diabetic group in calculus index(P>0.05). 2. According to the increase of age, loss of attachment and missing teeth were increased in both group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.05, p<0.001). 3. According to the elevation of blood sugar level of diabetics, plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth were increased in diabetic group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001). 4. According to the duration of diabetics, plaque index, gingival index, loss of attachment, papillary bleeding index, tooth mobility and missing teeth were increased in diabetic group, and correlation of each subgroup was statistically significant, respectively(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1724-1727
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• 2001

A trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of LW ${\times}$ Mukota $F_1$ crosses when fed diets containing graded levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen LW ${\times}$ Mukota $F_1$ crossbred pigs of approximately 4.5 months of age, were randomly allocated to four diets that contained 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cobs/kg, which corresponded to 276.4, 360.3, 402.9 and 523.5 g NDF/kg, respectively. The pigs were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks. The diets were formulated to contain similar levels of energy (ca. 9MJ ME/kg) and protein (ca.160 g CP/kg). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored for 14 weeks. At slaughter, the cold dressed weight (CDM) and backfat thickness (BFT) were determined. There was no significant linear relationship (p>0.05) between level of cob inclusion and ADFI. The ADG decreased as level of maize cobs increased (p<0.001). The pigs that were on 300 g cobs/kg had the highest FCR (p<0.05) as compared to pigs on the other three diets. No differences (p>0.05) were observed in the CDM between pigs that were fed diets that had 0 and 100 g maize cobs/kg. In addition, pigs on 100 and 200 g cobs/kg diets had the same CDM (p>0.05). The diet that contained 300 g cobs/kg gave the lowest (p< 0.001) CDM. Both BFT parameters showed a decrease (p<0.05) as level of maize cobs increased. An increase in CDM was associated with an increase in BFT (p<0.001), with the correlation coefficient between K7.5 and CDM being 0.84 (p<0.001). It can, therefore, be concluded that crossbred pigs perform well on diets containing up to 200 g/kg maize cobs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the biochemical control rate and the rate of side effects after performing permanent brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: 67 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with brachytherapy between April 2007 and December 2008. Of these, 43 patients who were followed up and did not receive external radiotherapy were evaluated for the change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and the occurrence of side effects. In total, 18 patients were classified as low risk, 19 patients as intermediate risk, and 6 patients as high risk. The prescription dose was 145 Gy. Results: A PSA increase greater than 2 ng/mL occurred in 2 patients (4.7%). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 1 and 2 acute urologic complications (UC) occurred in 40 and 3 patients, respectively. Further, 5 patients had RTOG grade 1 acute rectal complication (RC). The numbers of RTOG grade 1, 2, and 3 chronic UC were 1, 4, and 1, respectively. The numbers of RTOG grade 1, 2, and 4 chronic RC were 5, 10, and 3, respectively. The statistically significant risk factors (RF) of acute RC were the minimal dose in the most irradiated 0.1 cc volume ($D_{0.1cc}$, p=0.041) and absolute volume receiving 150% of the prescribed dose ($V_{150cc}$, p=0.038) in the entire rectum (ER). The percentage ($V_{100%}$, p=0.019) and absolute volume ($V_{100cc}$, p=0.047) in the involved rectum (IR) were also statistically significant. The RF of chronic RC were $V_{100%}$ (p=0.011) in the ER and the $D_{0.1cc}$ (p=0.049), $V_{100cc}$ (p=0.023) in the IR. The number of used seeds were related with acute UC (p=0.028). Conclusion: Permanent brachytherpy of localized prostate cancer showed a favorable short term biochemical control rate. As such, selective intermediate and high risk patients can be managed with permanent brachytherapy. The effort to reduce rectal complication is also necessary.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.838-846
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• 2022

Objective: Native plants can be used as additives to replace antibiotics to improve ruminant feed utilization and animal health. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Gentiana straminea (GS) on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and energy metabolism of Simmental calves. Methods: Thirty-two (5-week-old) male Simmental clves, with initial body weight (BW) of 155±12 kg were fed the same basal diet of concentrates (26%), alfalfa hay (37%), and oat hay (37%) and were randomly separated into four treatment groups according to the amount of GS that was added to their basal diet. The four different groups received different amounts of GS as a supplement to their basal diet during whole experiment: (0 GS) 0 mg/kg BW, the control; (100 GS) 100 mg/kg BW; (200 GS) 200 mg/kg BW; and (300 GS) 300 mg/kg BW. Results: For calves in the 200 GS and 300 GS treatment groups, there was a significant increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05), organic matter intake (p<0.05), DM digestibility (p<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (p<0.05), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of DM intake (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.05), NDF intake (p<0.05), and ADF intake (p<0.05). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention (p<0.001) and the ratio of retention N to N intake (p<0.001). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly decreased methane (CH₄) emissions (p<0.01), CH₄/BW^0.75 (p<0.05) and CH₄ energy (CH₄-E) (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of CH₄ (p<0.01) and CH₄/DM intake (p<0.01). Compared with 0 GS, GS-supplemented diets significantly improved their gross energy intake (p<0.05). The metabolizable energy and digestive energy intake were significantly greater for calves in the 100 GS and 200 GS calves than for 0 GS calves (p<0.05). Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that supplementing calf diets with GS could improve utilization of feed, energy, and N, and may reduce CH₄ emissions without having any negative effects on animal health.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-42
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• 1997

From September 2, 1995 through October 31, this questionnaire was made by the 1, 200 industrial workers who work for 15 enterprises of 5 types of business. And it was for helping to devise a policy and to develop a program for industrial workers' health promotion by understanding the consciousness behavior level of industrial workers in our country and the related factors which are under the influence of it and health promotion behavior. The summary and conclusions are as follows. 1. In health promotion score level by related factors, the health diagmosis level score was 7. 37(81.9/100) of the perfect score 9, nutrition level score was 7.00(77.8/100), health education behavior level score was 6.00(66.7/100), exercise behavior level score was 6.01(66.8/100), occupational disease knowledge level score was 6.00(66.7/100). 2. Health diagnosis behavior level was significantly high when the age is older, when the occupation term is longer, when the economic status is better. And wjem tje satosfoed degree for vocational aptitude, working environment, and the education contents. 3. Nutrition (dietary habit) status level was high in men, in the age group of 40 over, in the group of having their spouse, in the group of being paid over one million won a month, in the upper economic classes (P〈0.001). It was also high in graduates middle school and in daytime workers (P〈0.05). 4. Health education behavior level was high in the older ahe hroup, in a single life (separation by death, divouce, separation) and in the longer occupation term(P〈0.001). 5. Exercises behavior level was high in men, in the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the better economic classes(P〈0.01). 6. Knowledge level on an occupational disease was high in men, in the older age group, in the group of having a spouse, In the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the group of having a longer occupation term, and in the residents living not in a large city(P〈0.01). 7. When health status was higher, health promotion behavior, behavior level, health diagnosis (P〈0.001), nutrition(P〈0.05), health education behavior (P〈0.05), exercise behavior(P〈0.01) and the knowledge level on an occupation disease was high. 8. The main factors which are under the influence on the degree of practicing healthy life were the level of knowledge and behavior, sex, his/her health status, and the satisfied degree of working environment. These variables could explain it 18.0%. 9. The factors which are under the influence on health promotion behavior and behavior levels were the variables of the satisfied degerr of education contents, sex, health knowledge, economic status, health status, occupation terms, monthly income, working tiredness. These variables could explain it 21.3%. By these results, it is inportant for industrial workers' health promotion to level up the health diagnosis behavior, dietary habit considering nutrition, behavior on health education, behavior for exercise, and knowledge on an occupational disease. Especially we should develop the proper program considered sex, health status, satisfied degree of working environment and education contents, economic status, eccupation terms, knowledge on health, and behavior level. Because health promotion business gies in gear with productivity promotion.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.18-23
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• 1999

InP 소자 기술은 밀리미터파 회로 제작에 지금까지 개발된 기술 중 가장 경쟁력 있는 기술로 InP HEMT와 HBT를 이용하여 100㎓ 이상의 회로가 만들어지고 있다. GaAs 소자 기술에 비해 InP 소자기술은 주파수 특성과 잡음특성, 집적도에 있어서 우수하나 반면에 V-band 이하의 주파수에서 전력특성이 나쁘며, 가격이 비싼 단점이 있다. V-band 이상의 고주파 대역에서 InP 소자기술은 대부분의 면에서 GaAs 소자기술을 능가하여 극초고주파에서 적용가능한 유일한 소자기술이 된다. 본 논문에서는 InP 소자 기술에 대한 기본적인 내용과 응용 예를 소개한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1101-1107
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• 2013

In this study, total mercury and methyl mercury in whole blood of Korean was analyzed so as to investigate the correlation between total mercury (T-Hg) and methyl mercury (Me-Hg). 4000 whole blood samples were divided in four groups, according to T-Hg concentration in percentile: group I (p25-p50), group II (p50-p75), group III (p75-p95) and group IV (p95-p100). 100 samples were randomly selected from the each group, and Me-Hg concentration was measured. T-Hg concentration in whole blood was analyzed using a Direct Mercury Analyzer-80 and obtained limit of detection (LOD) was $0.2{\mu}gL^{-1}$. Me-Hg concentration was analyzed with ethylate derivatization using headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and obtained LOD of methyl mercury was $0.5{\mu}gL^{-1}$. The geometric means of T-Hg and Me-Hg were $6.35{\mu}gL^{-1}$ and $4.44{\mu}gL^{-1}$, respectively, and 71.91% of T-Hg was presented as Me-Hg.