Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Gentiana straminea supplementation improves feed intake, nitrogen and energy utilization, and methane emission of Simmental calves in northwest China

  • Xie, K.L. (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Wang, Z.F. (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Guo, Y.R. (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Zhang, C. (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Zhu, W.H. (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University) ;
  • Hou, F.J. (State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University)
  • Received : 2021.06.05
  • Accepted : 2021.10.14
  • Published : 2022.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: Native plants can be used as additives to replace antibiotics to improve ruminant feed utilization and animal health. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Gentiana straminea (GS) on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and energy metabolism of Simmental calves. Methods: Thirty-two (5-week-old) male Simmental clves, with initial body weight (BW) of 155±12 kg were fed the same basal diet of concentrates (26%), alfalfa hay (37%), and oat hay (37%) and were randomly separated into four treatment groups according to the amount of GS that was added to their basal diet. The four different groups received different amounts of GS as a supplement to their basal diet during whole experiment: (0 GS) 0 mg/kg BW, the control; (100 GS) 100 mg/kg BW; (200 GS) 200 mg/kg BW; and (300 GS) 300 mg/kg BW. Results: For calves in the 200 GS and 300 GS treatment groups, there was a significant increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05), organic matter intake (p<0.05), DM digestibility (p<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (p<0.05), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of DM intake (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.05), NDF intake (p<0.05), and ADF intake (p<0.05). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly increased nitrogen (N) retention (p<0.001) and the ratio of retention N to N intake (p<0.001). Supplementing the basal diet with GS significantly decreased methane (CH4) emissions (p<0.01), CH4/BW0.75 (p<0.05) and CH4 energy (CH4-E) (p<0.05). Dietary GS supplementation result in quadratic increases of CH4 (p<0.01) and CH4/DM intake (p<0.01). Compared with 0 GS, GS-supplemented diets significantly improved their gross energy intake (p<0.05). The metabolizable energy and digestive energy intake were significantly greater for calves in the 100 GS and 200 GS calves than for 0 GS calves (p<0.05). Conclusion: From this study, we conclude that supplementing calf diets with GS could improve utilization of feed, energy, and N, and may reduce CH4 emissions without having any negative effects on animal health.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The corresponding author acknowledges the scolarship by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA2010010203), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT-17R50), and National Program for S&T Collaboration of Developing Countries (KY202002011).

References

  1. Chatterjee PN, Kamra DN, Agarwal N, Patra AK. Influence of supplementation of tropical plant feed additives on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis. Anim Prod Sci 2014;54:1770-4. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN14366
  2. Kim ET, Kim CH, Min KS, SS Lee. Effects of plant extracts on microbial population, methane emission and ruminal fermentation characteristics in in vitro. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012;25:806-11. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11447
  3. Edenhofer R, Pichsmadruga Y, Sokona E, et al. IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2014.
  4. Appuhamy JADRN, France J, Kebreab E. Models for predicting enteric methane emissions from dairy cows in north america, europe, and australia and new zealand. Glob Chang Biol 2016;22:3039-56. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13339
  5. Huang RH, Qiu XS, Shi FX, CL Hughes, Lu ZF, Zhu WY. Effects of dietary allicin on health and growth performance of weanling piglets and reduction in attractiveness of faeces to flies. Animal 2011;5:304-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1751731110001953
  6. Liu X, Liu F, Yan T, Chang S, Wanapat M, Hou F. Cistanche deserticola addition improves growth, digestibility, and metabolism of sheep fed on fresh forage from alfalfa/tall fescue pasture. Animals 2020;10:668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040668
  7. Xie K, Wang Z, Wang Y, et al. Effects of Allium Mongolicum Regel supplementation on the digestibility, methane production, and antioxidant capacity of Simmental calves in northwest china. Anim Sci J 2020;91:e13392. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13392
  8. Ma T, Chen DD, Tu Y, Zhang NF, Si BW, Diao QY. Dietary supplementation with mulberry leaf flavonoids inhibits methanogenesis in sheep. Anim Sci J 2017;88:72-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12556
  9. The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China 2009. NY/T1679-2009. Determination of carbamate pesticide residues in vegetable foods by LC-MS/MS. Beijing, China: China Agricultural University Press; 2009.
  10. Zhang J, Zhang J. Grazing strategies and suggestions for sustainable utilization of alpine meadow resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chin Herbivore Sci 2017;37:63-7.
  11. Rochester L, Hetherington V, Jones D, et al. The effect of external rhythmic cues (auditory and visual) on walking during a functional task in homes of people with parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:999-1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.10.040
  12. Liang JR, Zhu S, Zhang XX, et al. General situation and prospects of the research on gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. J Chin Med Materials 2012;35:495-9.
  13. Yan F, Li F, Liu J, et al. The formulae and biologically active ingredients of chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020;127:110142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110142
  14. Li Y, Shi C, Cheng J, Guo X, Zhang T, Li Y. The daily intake and forage species selection of three types of grazing livestocks on a typical steppe in inner mongolia. Acta Agrestia Sinica 2018;26:1091-6. https://doi.org/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.05.008
  15. Nie AZ, Lin ZJ, Wang Y, et al. Advance in studies on chemical constituents of gentianae macrophyllae radix and their pharmacological effects. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs 2017;48:597-608.
  16. Hou FJ, Nan ZB, Xie YZ, Li XL, Lin HL, Ren JZ. Integrated crop-livestock production systems in China. Rangel J 2008;30:221-31. https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ08018
  17. The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. NY/T-815-2004. Chinese Beef cattle Raising Standard. Beijing, China: China Agricultural University Press; 2004.
  18. AOAC. Official methods of analysis,15th edition. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC International; 1990.
  19. Yang C, Gao P, Hou F, et al. Relationship between chemical composition of native forage and nutrient digestibility by tibetan sheep on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. J Anim Sci 2018;96:1140-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky002
  20. AOAC. Official methods of analysis,17th edition. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2002.
  21. Broderick GA, Kang JH. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci 1980;63:64-75. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8
  22. Brouwer E. Report of sub-committee on constants and factors. In: Blaxter KL, editor. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals of European Association for Animal Production. Scotland, UK: Academic Press; 1965.
  23. Wang Y, Zeng W, Song X, et al. Pharmaceutical research development and clinical application compatibility of gentiopicroside. Northwest Pharm J 2012;27:502-5. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-2407.2012.05.044
  24. Gao N, Dong SJ, Gao YF. Research progress on medicinal plant Gentiana crasicaulis Duthie ex Burk. J Tradit Chin Vet Med 2017;5:105-7.
  25. Wanapat M, Khejornsart P, Pakdee P, Wanapat S. Effect of supplementation of garlic powder on rumen ecology and digestibility of nutrients in ruminants. J Sci Food Agric 2008;88:2231-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3333
  26. Abdoun K, Stump F, Martens H. Ammonia and urea transport across the rumen epithelium: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2006;7:43-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466252307001156
  27. Wenk C. Herbs and botanicals as feed additives in monogastric animals. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2003;16:282-9. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.282
  28. Chaokaur A, Nishida T, Phaowphaisal I. Effects of feeding level on methane emissions and energy utilization of Brahman cattle in the tropics. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2015;199:225-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.09.014
  29. Ferrell CL, Jenkins TG. Body composition and energy utilization by steers of diverse genotypes fed a high-concentrate diet during the finishing period: I.; Angus, Belgian Blue, Hereford, and Piedmontese sires. J Anim Sci 1998;76:637-46. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.762637x
  30. Stergiadis S, Zou C, Chen X, Allen M, Wills D, Yan T. Equations to predict methane emissions from cows fed at maintenance energy level in pasture-based systems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 2016;220:8-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.023
  31. Patra AK, Kamra DN, Agarwal N. Effect of spices on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and protozoa counts in in vitro gas production test. Int Congr Ser 2006;1293:176-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2006.01.025
  32. Buddle BM, Denis M, Attwood GT, et al. Strategies to reduce methane emissions from farmed ruminants grazing on pasture. Vet J 2011;188:11-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.02.019