• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1998

Effects of lead(Pb) and calcium(Ca) on growth responses, accumulation of heavy metals and nitrogen fixation activities of Melilotus suaveolens seedlings were quantitatively analyzed during growing period. Pb contents of the root treated with 30, 100 ppm Pb and 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca were 54.1, 90.9 and 26.1 folds higher than that of the control, respectively, at pH 4.2 in 28th days, and heavy metal content of plant increased with increasing of pH and Pb concentration. The melilot plant was classified as a Pb accumulator by higher accumulation of Pb in shoot than that of root. Pb treatments resulted in inhibiton of height and chlorophyll contet, and Ca treatment increased height and chlorophyll content insignificantly at pH 4.2 in 28 days. The plant biomass reduced 49, 60 and 54% at pH 4.2 and 47,53 and 50% at pH 6.5, respectively, by 30, 100 ppm Pb and 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca treatment. Specific nitrogen fixation of nodules reduced 68.4% and 46.6% by 100 ppm Pb treatment and 3.7% and 24.9% by 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca at pH 4.2 and pH 6.5, respectively, so Ca inhibited significantly Pb activity and toxicity in acdic pH. Nodule formation were reduced to 33, 33 and 50% at pH 4.2 and 50, 33 and 38% at pH 6.5 by 30, 100 ppm Pb and 100 ppm Pb added 100 ppm Ca, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2017

Der p 1 and Der p 2 are essential allergens of house dust mite associated with the development of asthma. In the present study, we examined whether Der p 1 and Der p 2 induce a release of S100A8 and S100A9 in monocytes, which are involved in the regulatory mechanism of neutrophil apoptosis. We found that Der p 1 and Der p 2 significantly increased the secretion of S100A8 and S100A9 in normal monocytes. Moreover, S100A8 and S100A9 strongly suppressed the spontaneous apoptosis of normal and asthmatic neutrophils. The inhibitory effect of S100A9 was stronger than that of S100A8, and asthmatic neutrophils showed a higher inhibitory effect than normal neutrophils. S100A8 and S100A9 induced activation of Lyn, Akt, and ERK in a time-dependent manner. These findings elucidate the roles of Der p 1 and Der p 2 in the interaction between monocytes and neutrophils, as well as contributing to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.726-737
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• 2023

Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study evaluated the supplemental effects of piperine or black pepper on innate immunity, growth, feed utilization efficiency, and intestinal morphology in red seabream (Pagrus major). Six experimental diets were formulated, supplementing piperine at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg levels (Con, P25, P50, P100, and P200) or 1.0 g/kg black pepper (BP100). Juvenile fish (7.6 ± 0.1 g) were randomly stocked into 18 circular tanks (220 L), including 30 fish per tank. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups, and the feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency were significantly improved (p < 0.05) when piperine was supplemented into diets at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels compared to the Con group. Compared to the Con diet, condition factor was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed with dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg or BP100 diet. Serum myeloperoxidase activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P25 and P100 groups and antiprotease activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P100 group compared to the Con group. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) lysozyme activity was observed in P50, P100, P200 and BP100 groups, while total immunoglobulin level was increased in P50, P100 and BP100 groups than Con group. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels and BP100 diet compared to Con diet. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed with piperine (0.5-2.0 g/kg) or BP100 compared to the Con diet. Compared to the Con diet significantly longer (p < 0.05) intestinal villi were observed in fish fed with piperine at 0.25-1.0 g/kg levels, and higher goblet cell count was observed in P25 and BP100 groups. Dietary inclusion of piperine would be a potent immunostimulant in fish diet and the optimum supplementation level would be 0.25-1.0 g/kg.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.705-709
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• 2022

The effect of the annealing temperature of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) solid electrolyte layer on the electrical properties of the P(VDF-TrFE)-based memristor was analyzed. In morphological analyses, the P(VDF-TrFE) thin film with 200℃ annealing temperature (200P(VDF-TrFE)) was shown to have surface roughness ≈5 times larger and thickness ≈20% smaller than that with 100℃ annealing temperature (100P(VDF-TrFE)). Compared to the 100P(VDF-TrFE) memristor (M100), the set voltage of the 200P(VDF-TrFE) memristor (M200) decreased by ≈50% and the magnitude of its reset voltage increased by ≈30%. Moreover, M200 was found to have better memory retention characteristics than M100. These differences were attributed to relatively strong local electric fields inside M200 compared to M100. This study suggests the importance of the annealing temperature in polymer memristors.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2003

Ni thin films on the p-InP (In) substrates were grown at room temperature by using the ion beam-assisted deposition. In order to determine the work function of the Ni thin films, the $\gamma$values were measured as functions of the acceleration voltages by using Ne, Ar, $N_2$. and Xe ion sources. The dependences of the values on various gases and on the acceleration voltages of the focused ion beam were obtained to determine the work function of the Ni thin films. The value of the work function of the Ni thin films grown on the p-InP (100) substrate was 5.8 eV ~ 5.85 eV. These results provide important information on the electronic properties of Ni thin films grown on p-InP (100) substrates at room temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

There is a lot of difficulty in the diagnosis of follicular lesions of the thyroid by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). The main purpose of this report is offering more guidance regarding the cytologic appearance to distinguish follicular neoplasm from nodular golfer and laying stress on the presence of mixed group. The histologic and cytologic findings of 23 follicular neoplasms and 13 nodular (adenomatous) getters were reviewed. Histologic specimens were classified into the microfollicular(MIF), mixed(MIX), and nodular getter(NG) groups. The comparison of histologic patterns with histologic diagnosis revealed that all the lesions with predominantly microfollicular, trabecular, or solid pattern were follicular carcinoma and all the lesions with predominantly macrofollicular pattern were nodular goiter. The distinguishing cytologic features for the MIF group were irregular cell arrangement in cell groups(100%, p=0.00001), absence of atrophic follicular cells(100%, p=0.0007), abundant microfollicles(100%, 0=0.002), pleomorphic nuclei(100%, p=0.002), not predominant syncytial smear pattern(100%, p=0.002), heterochromatin(100%, p=0.032), absence of macrofollicles(100%, p=0.038), scant colloid(100%, 0=0.04), clear back-ground(83%, p=0.00006), and uniform sized follicles(83%, p=0.014). And regular cell arrangement(honeycomb appearance) in cell groups(85%, p=0.0000), atrophic change of follicular cells(69%, p=0.0002), syncytial smear pattern(54%, p=0.000), monomorphic nuclei(85%, p=0.008), and hemorrhagic background(100%, p=0.027) were characteristic features of the NG group. Seventeen out of 36 cases(47%) were the MIX group composed of combined cytologic features of the MIF and NG groups. Therefore the frequent presence of the MIX group is considered to be main cause of the difficulty in the diagnosis of follicular lesions by FNAC. The mixed morphologic feature may support the hypothesis of a biologic 'continuum' between nodular goiter and follicular neoplasm of thyroid gland.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

Previously, we showed that a chronic-low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure resulted in histological changes with sexually dimorphic pattern in rat adrenal glands. We hypothesized that such structural changes are closely related to the hormonal secretory patterns. To test this hypothesis, we developed the short-term adrenal incubation method, and measured the levels of catecholamines and cortical steroids using the high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The norepinephrine (NE) levels in media from NP-treated female adrenal, except 100 pM NP, were significantly increased [control (CTL) vs 1 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.01]. The NE secretion from male adrenal was higher when treated with 100 nM and 1 µM NP (CTL vs 100 nM NP, p<0.05; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.05, respectively). The aldosterone level in the female adrenal media treated with 100 pM NP was significantly decreased, on the other hand, that of media treated with 10 nM NP was significantly increased (CTL vs 100 pM NP, p<0.05; vs 10 nM NP, p<0.01). In male adrenal media, the aldosterone levels of 10 nM, 100 nM and 1 µM NP-treated media were significantly declined (CTL vs 10 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 100 nM NP, p<0.001; vs 1 µM NP, p<0.001). These results showed the NP treatment altered secretory pattern of aldosterone from adrenals of both sexes, showing sexual dimorphism. It may be helpful for understanding possible adrenal pathophysiology, and endocrine disrupting chemicals-related sexually dimorphic phenomena in adrenals.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

The visual evoke potential(VEP) is the effective method to diagnose and treat the amblyopia or to check the infants visual ability. In order to evaluate the changes of P100 latencies and amplitudes of VEP by intensity of illumination and refractive errors, we measured latencies and amplitudes of 41 normal adults (20/20 VA) who have no ocular diseases and neurologic diseases. The results were as follows: In the scotopic condition, the latencies were N75$75.83{\pm}3.69$ msec, P100$103.48{\pm}5.34$ msec, the P100 amplitude was $14.86{\pm}2.43$ msec, and in the photopic condition, the latencies were N75$76.71{\pm}3.11$ msec, P100$107.26{\pm}5.54$ msec and the P100 amplitude was $10.35{\pm}1.75$ msec. The latencies and amplitudes of P100 in the photopic condition had higher values than those in the scotopic condition and the measures were significantly different between the scotopic and photopic condition (p<0.01). The P100 latencies were delayed both in the scotopic and photopic condition with the refractive errors and those measures were delayed more than in the photopic condition. The P100 amplitudes in the induced myopic and hyperopic conditionsreduced than in the emmetopes in both illumination conditions. The P100 latencies and amplitudes in emmetropes showed a correlation with the induced myopic conditions in the scotopic condition. Those results showed that P100 latencies and amplitudes are dependent on the illumination conditions and refractive errors. And we suggest that those results would be useful to determine and evaluate the normal range for the person considering patients' refractive errors and illumination of the test room.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1998

The Leuconostoc paramesenteroides dominated at refrigeration temperature range was isolated from kimchi, and improved its growth properties by mutation for competitive growth against Lactobacillus plantarum at lower pH. It was found that the minimal pH for the wild type Leuconostoc paramesenteroides Pw growth was pH 4.5 adjusted with HCI and pH 5.0 adjusted with organic-mixture (lactic acid:acetic acid=1:2), respectively. The mutant P-100 could grow in pH 4.0, 4.5, respectively, in MRS broth. Two strains Pw and P-100 were added into kimchi as starter and compared the quality characteristics of kimchi. The total acceptability of Pw and P-100 inoculated kimchi were evaluated better than that of control kimchi (no starter added) by sensory test and extended the optimal pH range of kimchi up to about 2.2, 2.5 times, respectively. In kimchi added P-100, the succinic acid was more abundant than others and the total number of Lactobacillus plantarum was down about 2.5 times in contrast to control kimchi.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2000

In this paper, we report a fabrication of InP-based microstructurs for III-V compound semiconductor micromachining. Vertical liquid phase epitaxy(LPE) system was used in order to grow the InP/lnGaAsP/InP layers. The thicknesses of InP top-layer and InGaAsP were $1\mum \;and \;0.4\mum$, respectively. The fabrication of InGaAsP microstructures involves front-side bulk micromachining. The experimental result showed the beams must be carefully aligned in the <100> direction since the etching of the beam in the <100> direction is more faster than that of the beam in the <110> and <110> direction.