• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.247-258
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• 2015

Exposure of high concentration of ground-level ozone (GLO) can trigger a variety of health problems including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation, asthma, bronchitis and congestion. There are substantial human and animal toxicological data that support health effects associated with exposure to ozone and associations have been observed with a wide range of outcomes in epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study is to estimate the spatial distributions of GLO using geostatistical method (ordinary kriging) for assessing the exposure level of ozone in the eastern part of Texas, U.S.A. GLO data were obtained from 63 U.S. EPA's monitoring stations distributed in the region of study during the period January, 2012 to December, 2012. The descriptive statistics indicate that the spatial monthly mean of daily maximum 8 hour ozone concentrations ranged from 30.33 ppb (in January) to 48.05 (in June). The monthly mean of daily maximum 8 hour ozone concentrations was relatively low during the winter months (December, January, and February) and the higher values observed during the summer months (April, May, and June). The higher level of spatial variations observed in the months of July (Standard Deviation: 10.33) and August (Standard Deviation: 10.02). This indicates the existence of regional variations in climatic conditions in the study area. The range of the semivariogram models varied from 0.372 (in November) to 15.59 (in April). The value of the range represents the spatial patterns of ozone concentrations. Kriging maps revealed that the spatial patterns of ozone concentration were not uniform in each month. This may be due to uneven fluctuation in the local climatic conditions from one region to another. Thus, the formation and dispersion processes of ozone also change unevenly from one region to another. The ozone maps clearly indicate that the concentration values found maximum in the north-east region of the study area in most of the months. Part of the coastal area also showed maximum concentrations during the months of October, November, December, and January.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.993-1001
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• 2015

Comparing to the other air pollutants like $SO_2$, CO, the number of exceedance of the ozone national ambient air quality standard(NAAQS) and the ozone warning increased recently in Busan. The purpose of this study is to find out the preliminary symptoms for high ozone days in Busan area. In order to find out the preliminary symptoms, the hourly ozone data at air quality monitoring stations and the hourly meterological parameters at Busan regional meteorological 2007 to 2013 were used for the analysis. Averaged daily max ozone concentration was the highest(0.055 ppm) at Noksan and Youngsuri in the ozone season from 2007 to 2013. The horizontal distributions of daily max. ozone including all stations in Busan at high ozone days(the day exceeding 0.1 ppm of ozone concentration at least one station) were classified from two to five clusters by hierarchial cluster analysis. The meteorological variables showing strong correlation with daily max. ozone were the daily mean dew point temperature, averaged total insolation, the daily mean relative humidity and the daily mean cloud amount. And the most frequent levels were $19-23^{\circ}C$ in dew point temperature, $21-24 MJ/m^2$ in total insolation on the day before, $2.6-3.0 MJ/m^2$ on the very day, 67-80% in relative humidity and 0-3 in cloud amount.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.143-149
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• 1999

In the tungsten industry as light source material, tungsten filament which used as light source material could form after molybdenumwire which used as the center supporter for coil shape tungsten wire was removed. This process uses hydrogen peroxide, Ozone and UV(Ultraviolet)Lamp, for the quantity of hydrogen peroxide decrease. The results were as follows : 1. An incandescent electric Lamp type : FL(FL-20) type : A standard of commodity (P.W.: $19{\pm}1.0mg$, $C.R:4.5{\pm}0.3{\Omega}$) 1) Only hydrogen peroxide treated ; Reaction Time : 65Min., P.W.: 18.60mg, $C.R.:4.60{\Omega}$ 2) Ozone/Ultraviolet/70% of hydrogen peroxide; Reaction Time : 64Min., P.W.: 18.61mg, C.R.: $4.61{\Omega}$ 2. A Fluorescent Lamp Type : GLS(GLS-40) Type : A standard of commodity(P.W.: $11.8{\pm}0.2mg$$65{\pm}1.5{\Omega}$) 1) Only hydrogen peroxide treated ; Reaction Time: 72Min, P.W.:11.88mg, C.R.: $65.62\Omega$ 2) Ozone/Ultraviolet/70% of hydrogen peroxide;Reaction Time:71Min., P.W.:11.88mg, C.R.: $65.63\Omega$

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-71
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• 1989

This study was carried out to determine the ozone concentration to behaviour and the factors to be influenced the variation of its concentration in the ambient air in Seoul. Measurements of ozone concentrations were made at 10 monitoring station to take care of SIHE (Seoul Institute of Health & Environment) during December 1987 to November 1988, also measured the hourly average concentration of sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulate, nitrogen oxide $(NO & NO_2)$, carbon monoxide, hydro carbon $(n-CH_4 & THC)$ and meteorological factors, that is, temperature, humidity, wind velocity wind direction and ultraviolet intensity etc, for the same period at same place. The basis of the data obtained were analyzed statistically along with the various data. The results were as follows; 1. The annually arithmetic mean concentration of ozone for the 10 sites during one years was 10.0 ppb and ranged from 3.1 $\pm$ 4.5ppb at the Kuro industrial complex to 17.2 $\pm$ 18.7 ppb at the Ssangmun site. 2. The frequency of hours on which oxidant concentrations exceeded the present short term standard of ozone (100 ppb) were 78 times. 3. The diurnal patterns of hourly ozone concentrations in Seoul area was a typical bi-modal variation which have 4 to 5 a.m. peak and 3. to 4 p.m peak. 4. The time ozone of highest ozone concentration in a whole day and hight was 1 to 5 p.m and 90.9 percent of appearence rate. 5. The diurnal patterns of hourly ozone concentrations in Seoul were on the whole the order of daytime from 5.8ppb to 28.7 ppb evening from 1.7 to 18.7 ppb night time from 1.9 to 9.3 ppb daybreak from 1.4ppb according to measuring sites, and the highest that observed at the Ssangmun area while the lowest was the Kuro industrial complex monitor sites. 6. The weekly variation of ozone concentration was the higher level ozone concentration in the day of the week occured sunday-monday and weekend but the decrease were observed from wednesday to thursday.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of major nutrient levels(N, P, K) on ozone susceptibility of tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Pink Glory). Plants were grown in water culture system. A half-strength of Hoagland's nutrient solution was considered as a standard formulation($N_{100}$ $P_{100}$ $K_{100}$). The levels of major nutrients were adjusted through addition or removal of several fertilizer salts from the standard solution. Top growth was significantly decreased at the low nitrogen level or phosphorus removal condition. P- and K-contents of leaves were greatly decreased by removal of salts containing P and K from the nutrient solution. The rate of ozone injury was significantly increased when potassium was removed. However, the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus levels or high potassium level on injury occurrence did not show statistical significance compared to the standard solution. Ozone exposure resulted in reduction of chlorophyll, and increase of ethylene production, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde(MDA) contents. These changes were much more enhanced in plants grown at the potassium removal solution. Whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was low at the potassium removal treatment and this tendency remained after ozone exposure. These results indicated that potassium nutrient level in tomato plants is closely associated with the susceptibility to ozone injury.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1986

This study is carried out to determine the concentration of the ozone and the factors affecting the variation of ozone concentration in the ambient air in Seoul. The one-hour average concentration of ozone $(O_3)$, sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$, nitrogen oxides (NO and $NO_2$), suspended particulate (TSP), carbon monoxide (CO) and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) at 5 sites in Seoul measured from September to October in 1983 and 1984 were analysed statistically along with meteorological data for the same period. The results were as follows; 1. The average concentrations of ozone at 5 sites during the period ranged from 3.3 to 9.1 ppb, they were below 20 ppb of the ambient air quality standard of Korea. 2. The maximum hourly concentration of ozone occurred between 2 and 3 p.m. in a day and concentration at night were very low but higher concentrations were observed at around 4 a.m. 3. The concentration ratio between NO and $NO_2$ in Seoul was relatively lower than that for the cities of foreign countries reported so far. 4. The ozone concentration has negative correlationships with the concentration of other primary pollutants$(SO_2, NO, NO_2, CO and NMHC)$ in simple regression analyses. 5. The ozone concentration was positively correlated to wind speed, temperature and insolation intensity but negatively correlated to relative humidity. 6. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the ozone concentration to the pollutants and meteorological factors indicate that insolation intensity and $[NO_2]/[NO]$ were the primary influencing factors. 7. The three factors of insolation intensity, $[NO_2]/[NO] and NO_2$ concentration had a significant combined effect on the ozone concentration $(r^2 = 0.47-0.57)$.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.59
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• pp.58-65
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• 2006

This study is measured in at ozone concentrated places in school and outside of school where places that use copy machine and the others do not use one. Library copy room, Search room, Y-Copy, J-copy, R-shop are the places using copy machines and Search room, K-apt, J-billiard hall are the opposite. The measurement was held three times a day-the morning, the afternoon and the evening-once for each at indoor and outdoor. 8 places were lower than domestic ozone concentration standard(0.06ppm). The indoor ozone concentration average was the highest in Search room of school and was the lowest in Library restroom. The outdoor ozone concentration average was the highest in J-billiard hall.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 1995

In order to reduce the amount of waste water generated from textile dyeing process and processing water, cotton fabric was bleached with ozone in ozone/water contact system, and dyed. The results obtained from the measurement of whiteness, reflectance, tensile strength, color difference, and K/S value of treated samples were as follow : 1) In ozone bleaching, factors affect whiteness most are treatment time and ozone dosage. As treatment time is lengthened, whiteness increases. Futhermore, bleaching effect is high in acidic treatment, but low in alkaline treatment. 2) As bleaching goes on, maximum absorption wave length shifts to shoter wavelengths. 3) As treatment time is lengthened or pH of treatment is low, tensile strenth of treated fabric decrease. 4) In all cases, color difference of dyed cotton fabrics in above 2% o.w.f. dyestuff concentration don't go beyond 1∼2 AN unit, compared with standard.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2010

This study is currently giving priority to developing the ballast water treatment system using ozone(Ozone BWTS). The Ozone BWTS, were equipped on the real merchant vessel named as M. V. Hyundai Hong Kong to carried out shipboard tests of ballast water treatment system in accordance with orders of IMO G8 Guidelines. The study results show that the Ozone BWTS is capable of meeting the Ballast Water Performance Standard under Regulation D-.2 of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, and also the more stringent standards being proposed under US legislation.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2007

Global Environment Laboratory at Yonsei University in Seoul ($37.57^{\circ}N$, $126.95^{\circ}E$) has carried out the ozone layer monitoring program in the framework of the Global Ozone Observing System of the World Meteorlogical Organization (WMO/GAW/GO3OS Station No. 252) since May of 1984. The daily measurements of total ozone and the vertical distribution of ozone amount have been made with the Dobson Spectrophotometer (No.124) on the roof of the Science Building on Yonsei campus. From 2004 through 2006, major parts of the manual operations are automated in measuring total ozone amount and vertical ozone profile through Umkehr method, and calibrating instrument by standard lamp tests with new hardware and software including step motor, rotary encoder, controller, and visual display. This system takes full advantage of Windows interface and information technology to realize adaptability to the latest Windows PC and flexible data processing system. This automatic system also utilizes card slot of desktop personal computer to control various types of boards in the driving unit for operating Dobson spectrophotometer and testing devices. Thus, by automating most of the manual work both in instrument operation and in data processing, subjective human errors and individual differences are eliminated. It is therefore found that the ozone data quality has been distinctly upgraded after automation of the Dobson instrument.