• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.979-984
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• 2006

과잉 철은 폐경기 여성 및 핀란드 남성에서의 심혈관계질환 증가와 예방통계학적으로 밀접한 관련이 있다고 보고되고 있다. 허혈성 심장질환, 뇌 심혈관계 질환, 암 및 노화의 원인으로 산화적 스트레스가 자유기 반응을 자극하고 지질 과산화 반응 등을 연쇄적으로 촉진시키는데 철이 위험 인자로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 뇌심혈관계 질환 유발의 중요인자인 혈소판 활성화와 관련하여 철로 인한 산화적 스트레스와 항산화작용의 연구는 부족하다고 한다. 산화적 스트레스에서 철 및 과산화수소의 자유기 형성과 관련하여 토끼 혈액에서 분리한 세정 혈소판을 사용하여 연구하였다. 산화적 스트레스를 통해 혈소판 응집을 유도하고 이에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과에서 $H_2O_2$ 단독 투여시 혈소판 응집작용은 나타나지 않았다. $FeSO_4$ 단독 투여시 농도 의존적으로 혈소판 응집작용이 증가하여 나타내지만, $H_2O_2$ 존재 하에 $FeSO_4$ 투여시 농도 의존적으로 혈소판 응집작용이 증가되어 나타났다. 혈소판 응집을 유도하는 collagen 최적의 농도$(2\;{\mu}g/mL)$보다 낮은 1/10 농도$(2\;{\mu}g/mL)$)에서 $H_2O_2$ 및 $FeSO_4$의 영향은 농도 의존적으로 혈소판 응집작용이 증가되었다. 철 단독 투여시보다 과산화수소와 함께 투여시 농도 의존적으로 혈소판 활성화가 증대되었고 이러한 혈소판 활성화는 NAD/NADP, catalase, glutathione, mannitol, tiron 등에 의해 농도 의존적으로 억제되었고, NADH/NADPH, SOD, aspirin 등에 의해서는 영향이 없었다. 그러므로, 이러한 NAD(H)/NADP(H) cofactor는 혈소판 응집작용을 일으키는 radical을 직접 억제하기보다 radical 생성에 관련하는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과에서 과잉철은 혈소판 활성화에 직접적으로 관여하고 $H_2O_2$ 존재하에 2가 철을 촉매로 하여 Fenton 반응으로 생성된 OH. 자유기가 혈소판 활성화에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 혈소판에서 자유기가 arachidonic acid 대사의 활성화와 인산화 단백질로 인한 세포내 정보전달에 관한 연구가 더 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1332-1342
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• 1997

연구배경 : 산소유리기의 작용을 억제할 수 있는 vitamin E를 투여하여 pataquat에 의해 초래되는 폐손상이 억제되는지를 관찰하고 그 기전을 이해하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 실험동물은 Sprague-Dawley 59마리를 3군으로 나누어 사용하였다. Paraquat는 24마리에서 복강내로 1회 투여하였고(paraquat 단독투여군), vitamin E는 24마리에서 paraquat를 투여하기 2일전 부터 도살때까지 경구 투여하였다(paraquat/vitamine E 병합투여군). 나머지 11마리는 paraquat 대신 생리식 염수를 복강내로 투여하였다(대조군). 결 과 : Paraquat 단독투여군에 비해 paraquat/vitamin E 병합투여군에서 도살전 사망율이 낮았다. 평균 총세포 수는 paraquat 단독투여군에서 대조군보다 증가된 소견을 보였다. 또한 대조군에서는 총세포수의 시간에 따른 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, paraquat 단독투여군에서는 시간이 갈수록 증가하였고, paraquat/vitamin E 병합투여군에서도 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하였다. 기관지폐포 세척액내 paraquat 단독투여군에서 대조군에 비하여 증가되어 있었으며 시간이 지남에 따라 증가되었고, 단핵구는 상대적인 감소를 보였다. 그리고 paraquat/vitamin E 병합투여군에서도 호중구는 대조군에 비하여 증가되어 있었으나 시간에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였고 림프구는 계속적인 증가를 보였다. 광학현미경 소견상 Vitamin E를 투여한 군에서는 paraquat 단독투여군에 비해 폐울혈과 부종이 적게 관찰되었으며, 기관지폐포 세척액에서와 같이 림프구의 침윤이 많았다. 결 론 : 결론적으로 백서에서 paraquat 투여시 vitamin E의 병합투여로 쥐의 치사율이 감소한 경향이 관찰되었고, 호중구침윤의 증가가 억제되는 소견을 보이는 바이는 부분적으로 vitamine E가 산소유리기의 세포손상을 감소시키는 것에 기인한다고 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2009

산화적 스트레스는 정상적인 대사 과정뿐만 아니라 외부적인 환경에 노출 되었을 때 일어나는 것으로 잘 알려져 있다. 이러한 스트레스를 극복하기 위해 생물체들은 각자의 시스템에 맞게 다양한 항산화 시스템을 진화 발전시켜 왔다. Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 균주는 고온뿐만 아니라 다양한 스트레스에 대해 내성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 대부분의 스트레스는 궁극적으로는 산화적 스트레스로 귀결된다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 KNU5377 균주가 어떠한 시스템에 의해서 다른 균주보다 스트레스 내성을 가지는지를 밝히기 위해 접근하였다. 수행된 연구결과에서 KNU5377 균주는 항산화 시스템과 밀접하게 관련된 단백질(superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin system, heat shock proteins)과 항산화 관련 물질(trehalose)을 과발현함을 확인하였다. 그러나 이러한 단백질들이 어떠한 조절 시스템에 의해서 균주 특이적인 발현 양상을 보이는지는 현재까지 확인되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 KNU5377 균주 그 자체의 중요성과 함께 균주 내의 스트레스 내성과 관련된 유용한 유전자를 탐색하여 더욱 우수한 유전자원을 발굴하는데 기여 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.775-783
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 포장방법에 따른 함박스테이크의 냉장저장 중 품질변화를 조사하였다. 대조구는 polylactide(PLA) tray를 이용한 함기포장(AC)이었으며, 처리구로는 진공포장(VAP)과 탈산소제 봉입포장(OS)이 적용되었다. 총균수는 대조구와 처리구 모두 저장기간의 경과에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 AC구에서의 총균수 증가가 다른 처리구들에 비해 두드러진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 저장기간 중 TBA와 VBN값은 AC구에서 가장 빠른 증가를 보였으며 그 다음으로는 OS, 그리고 VAP포장구의 순이었다. 관능평가 결과 VAP구와 OS구 시료들은 모든 관능평가 항목에서 12일째까지 5.0점 이상의 평가를 받은 반면, AC구는 모든 항목에서 5.0 미만으로 이미 상품성을 상실한 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과들은 VAP나 OS처리를 통하여 포장 내 산소를 제거함으로써 호기적 미생물의 생장과 산화작용의 억제로 인한 지방산패나 단백질부패속도가 지연된 것에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2003

Antioxidant enzymes are scavenger reactive-oxygen intermediates and are involved in many cellular defense systems. We previously reported that a crude extract of Garnoderma lucidum, a medicinally potent mushroom, profoundly increased the catalase gene expression and enzyme activities in mouse livers (Park et al., J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34. 144-149, 2001). In this study, we elucidated the detailed mechanism whereby G. lucidum stimulates the catalase activity and expression. The major active fraction was isolated from G. lucidum and methyl linoleate was considered the most major component of the fraction. In order to determine whether methyl linoleate increases mRNA and protein synthesis of catalase, Northern and Western blot analyses were performed in vivo with methyl linoleate-treated mouse liver homogenate after feeding methyl linoleate to the mice. Northern and Western blot analyses of the crude liver homogenates in the mice that were administered methyl linoleate revealed that the expression catalase was significantly increased when compared to the untreated controls. In addition, the catalase protein levels and enzymatic activities increased in the mouse liver homogenates. These results suggest that methyl linoleate that is produced by G. lucidum stimulates the catalase expression at the transcription level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.288-298
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• 2016

Resveratrol acts as a free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant in the inhibition of numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The function of resveratrol and resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles in protecting human lung cancer cells (A549) against hydrogen peroxide was investigated in this study. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay was performed to evaluate the antioxidant properties. Resveratrol had substantially high antioxidant capacity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity value) compared to trolox and vitamin E since the concentration of resveratrol was more than $50{\mu}M$. Nanoparticles prepared from ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin (${\beta}$-lg) were successfully developed. The ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticle showed 60 to 146 nm diameter in size with negatively charged surface. Non-cytotoxicity was observed in Caco-2 cells treated with ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles. Fluorescein isothiocynate-conjugated ${\beta}$-lg nanoparticles were identified into the cell membrane of Caco-2 cells, indicating that nanoparticles can be used as a delivery system. Hydrogen peroxide caused accumulation of ROS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles restored $H_2O_2$-induced ROS levels by induction of cellular uptake of resveratrol in A549 cells. Furthermore, resveratrol activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) signaling in A549 cells, thereby accumulation of Nrf2 abundance, as demonstrated by western blotting approach. Overall, these results may have implications for improvement of oxidative stress in treatment with nanoparticles as a biodegradable and non-toxic delivery carrier of bioactive compounds.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2009

Curcumin is a major active component of the food flovour tumeric. It has been used for the treatment of many diseases such as inflammatory and infectious diseases, cancer and other disease due to its antioxidant properties. Curcumin is a powerful scavenger of many free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of curcumin against hydrogen peroxide on semen quality during in vitro storage of boar semen. The sperm treated with different concentration of curcumin (1, 5 and 10 ${\mu}M$) in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (250 ${\mu}M\;H_2O_2$) were incubated for 3, 6 and 9 hr at $37^{\circ}C$ and analyzed sperm characteristics such as motility, membrane integrity (MI), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA fragmentation (DF). The sperm motility and MI in $H_2O_2$ treated group ($47.8%{\pm}6.8$ and $24.8%{\pm}2.2$) were significantly decreased when compare to curcumin treated group ($79.8%{\pm}2.7$ and $34.6%{\pm}1.0$, respectively) irrespective of incubation periods(p<0.05). The LPO of spermatozoal plasma membrane was measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactions for malondialdehyde (MDA), MDA level in control ($11.6{\pm}0.6\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) and curcumin groups ($10.7{\pm}0.3\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) were lower than those of curcumin plus $H_2O_2$ ($17.1{\pm}0.8\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) or $H_2O_2$ group ($22.5{\pm}1.9\;nmol/L{\times}10^6$) from 3 to 9 hr incubation periods. The DF by sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and ROS production measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence intensity were no significantly difference through all experimental groups (p>0.05). Correlation among evaluation methods for sperm quality, motility vs MI and DF vs ROS was positively correlated while motility vs DF and ROS vs LPO were negatively correlated in all treatment groups. These results demonstrate that curcumin can effectively improve the sperm quality during in vitro storage of boar semen through its hydrogen peroxide scavenging mechanism as an antioxidant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of fermented sesame sauce (FSeS) against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative damage in renal proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical ($^{\bullet}OH$), and $H_2O_2$ scavenging assay was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of FSeS. To investigate the cytoprotective effect of FSeS against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells, the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were measured. RESULTS: The ability of FSeS to scavenge DPPH, $^{\bullet}OH$ and $H_2O_2$ was greater than that of FSS and AHSS. FSeS also significantly inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced ($500{\mu}M$) oxidative damage in the LLC-PK1 cells compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Following treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of FSeS and FSS to prevent $H_2O_2$-induced oxidation, cell viability increased from 56.7% (control) to 83.7% and 75.6%, respectively. However, AHSS was not able to reduce $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage (viability of the AHSS-treated cells was 54.6%). FSeS more effectively suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Compared to the other sauces, FSeS also significantly increased cellular CAT, SOD, and GSH-px activities and mRNA expression (P < 0.05). CONCULUSIONS: These results from the present study suggest that FSeS is an effective radical scavenger and protects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Objectives: Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of and to treat various diseases, but its anti-cancer activity has not been well studied. In the present study, the authors investigated the anti-cancer effects of an ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (EOD) on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Cells were treated with different concentrations of an EOD, and cell death was assessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Analyses of the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial membrane depolarizations were conducted to confirm cell death by apoptosis. Also, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using carboxy-H2DCFDA (5-(and-6)-carboxy-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). Results: EOD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells for 24 hours by $78.6%{\pm}8.1%$ at $50{\mu}g/mL$, $74.4%{\pm}4.6%$ at $100{\mu}g/mL$, $65.9%{\pm}5.2%$ at $200{\mu}g/mL$, $51.4%{\pm}6.2%$ at $300{\mu}g/mL$, and by $41.7%{\pm}8.9%$ at $400{\mu}g/mL$, and treatment for 72 hours reduced the proliferation at the corresponding concentrations by $43.3%{\pm}8.8%$, $24.3{\pm}5.1mV$, $13.5{\pm}3.2mV$, $6.5{\pm}2.3mV$, and by $2.6{\pm}2.3mV$. EOD increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 peak in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane depolarization was elevated by EOD. Also, caspase activities were dose-dependently elevated in the presence of EOD, and these activities were repressed by a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk). The ROS generation was significantly increased by EOD and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) remarkably abolished EOD-induced cell death. In addition, a combination of sub-optimal doses of EOD and chemotherapeutic agents noticeably suppressed the growth of HT-29 cancer cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that EOD might be an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of human colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.497-517
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• 1995

The cells associated with normal defense mechanism in inflammation release free oxygen radicals, hydroxy radicals, and various protease, all of which can damage the surrounding cells(fibroblasts) and matrix molecules(collagen). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of "scavenger" enzyme, superoxide dismutase(SOD). to periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Human PDL cells were cultured from the teeth extracted for non-periodontal reason. Cultured PDL cells in vitro were treated with SOD and LPS according to dosage and culture times. Cellular activity was exaimed by Microtitration(MTT) assay. The quantitative expression of cellular proliferation by proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), collagen type I and fibronectin by indirect immunocytochemically stain in PDL cells were done. The results were as follows: 1. As only SOD treated group at 2 and 3 days, PDL cell activity was significantly increased at more than 150U(P<0.05). 2. When LPS(0.5, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(more than 150U) were added together, it was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 2 days(P<0.05). 3. When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(150, 300U) were added together, PCNA index was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 2 and 3 days(P<0.05). 4. When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(150U) were added together, collagen type I was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 3 days(P<0.05). 5.When LPS($5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SOD(300U) were added together, fibronectin was significantly increased than LPS only treated and control groups at 3 days(P<0.05). On the above the results, the SOD in association with collagen type I, fibonectin, and PCNA may afford biological protection to oxy-radicals that were typically liberated during normal inflammatory response. Thus, the exogenous application of SOD may be effective in sthe treatment of the localized breakdown associated with chronic periodontal disease.