Journal of Pharmacopuncture (대한약침학회지)

KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE (대한약침학회)
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Ethanol Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa - an Effective Chemotherapeutic for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Humans -Anti-Cancer Effects of Oldenlandia diffusa-

  • Lee, Soojin (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Shim, Ji Hwan (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Gim, Huijin (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Hyun Soo (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Byung Joo (Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2015.11.24
  • Accepted : 2015.12.21
  • Published : 2016.03.31
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Abstract

Objectives: Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of and to treat various diseases, but its anti-cancer activity has not been well studied. In the present study, the authors investigated the anti-cancer effects of an ethanol extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (EOD) on HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Cells were treated with different concentrations of an EOD, and cell death was assessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Analyses of the sub G1 peak, the caspase-3 and -9 activities, and the mitochondrial membrane depolarizations were conducted to confirm cell death by apoptosis. Also, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined using carboxy-H2DCFDA (5-(and-6)-carboxy-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate). Results: EOD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cells for 24 hours by $78.6%{\pm}8.1%$ at $50{\mu}g/mL$, $74.4%{\pm}4.6%$ at $100{\mu}g/mL$, $65.9%{\pm}5.2%$ at $200{\mu}g/mL$, $51.4%{\pm}6.2%$ at $300{\mu}g/mL$, and by $41.7%{\pm}8.9%$ at $400{\mu}g/mL$, and treatment for 72 hours reduced the proliferation at the corresponding concentrations by $43.3%{\pm}8.8%$, $24.3{\pm}5.1mV$, $13.5{\pm}3.2mV$, $6.5{\pm}2.3mV$, and by $2.6{\pm}2.3mV$. EOD increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 peak in a dose-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane depolarization was elevated by EOD. Also, caspase activities were dose-dependently elevated in the presence of EOD, and these activities were repressed by a pan-caspase inhibitor (zVAD-fmk). The ROS generation was significantly increased by EOD and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) remarkably abolished EOD-induced cell death. In addition, a combination of sub-optimal doses of EOD and chemotherapeutic agents noticeably suppressed the growth of HT-29 cancer cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that EOD might be an effective chemotherapeutic for the treatment of human colorectal cancer.

Keywords

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