• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.359-362
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• 2011

There is a delicate balance between too little and too much supplemental oxygen exposure in premature infants. Since underuse and overuse of supplemental oxygen can harm premature infants, oxygen saturation levels must be monitored and kept at less than 95% to prevent reactive oxygen species-related diseases, such as retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At the same time, desaturation below 80 to 85% must be avoided to prevent adverse consequences, such as cerebral palsy. It is still unclear what range of oxygen saturation is appropriate for premature infants; however, until the results of further studies are available, a reasonable target for pulse oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) is 90 to 93% with an intermittent review of the correlation between $SpO_2$ and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen tension ($PaO_2$). Because optimal oxygenation depends on individuals at the bedside making ongoing adjustments, each unit must define an optimal target range and set alarm limits according to their own equipment or conditions. All staff must be aware of these values and adjust the concentration of supplemental oxygen frequently.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

반려동물의 상태 측정에서 가장 기본적인 사항은 호흡과 맥박의 체크이다. 반려동물의 호흡과 맥박을 측정하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있는데, 반려동물에게서 산소포화도(SpO₂)를 측정하기 위해서는 일반적으로 PPG 방식을 많이 사용한다. 그러나 입력되는 PPG 신호는 산소포화도뿐만 아니라 여러 정보가 섞여서 입력되기 때문에 산소포화도를 측정하기 위해서는 PPG 신호로부터 산소포화도 정보를 분리하여 추출해야만 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 PPG 방식을 적용하여 측정할 수 있는 반려동물용 웨어러블 측정 장치를 설계하고 구현하였으며, 이 웨어러블 측정 장치를 통해 입력되는 PPG 신호에서 산소포화도 정보를 분리하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2022

배경: 복식호흡 수련이 수면이나 혈중 산소농도에 미치는 연구는 아직도 미비하다. 목적: 본 연구는 50대 여성들에게 복식호흡 수련후에 혈중 산소 포화도에 미치는 영향과 맥박의 변이, 불면증 심각성 변화, 수면 전 각성의 변화, 한국판 수면에 대한 역기능적 신념 및 태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 방법: 대상자들에게 12주간 숨(호흡) 수련을 주 3회기 36회 호흡법을 통해 사전 및 사후 변화를 조사하였다. 결과: 호흡수련후 맥박 수의 변화에는 유의성이 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 산소포화도는 실험군에서는 호흡치유 사전에 93.60 SpO₂%, 호흡수련 후에는 96.5 SpO₂%로 증가하여 유의성이 있었다(p < .002). 불면증 심각성 척도와 수면에 대한 역기능적 신념은 호흡수련 하기 전보다 후에 감소치가 유의성이 있었다(p < .000). 결론: 대상자들에 대한 호흡수련이 불면증, 맥박과 산소포화도에 효과가 있어서 건강에 도움 되는 것으로 평가한다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 생체 계측 모듈에서 획득된 혈중 산소 포화도(SpO2) 신호를 PC에 무선으로 전송할 수 있는 무선통신 모듈을 개발하였다. 개발된 무선통신 모듈은 개인의 의료정보 보안을 고려하여 지그비 또는 블루투스 등과 같은 개방형 프로토콜 대신 비개방형 프로토콜로 설계되었다. 또한 응급이송 시 전송된 혈중 산소 포화도 신호를 의료진에게 정보 손실 없이 다양한 형태의 데이터 및 그래프로 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 하는 디스플레이 프로그램을 개발하였다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to compare peripheral pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) values, measured at different monitoring sites, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂) of neurocritical patients. Methods : The study included 110 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. The patients' SpO₂ values were measured in their index fingers, both second toes, both earlobes, and foreheads, using the patient monitoring system. These values were compared with the standard value of SaO₂ measured using a blood gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive values, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and Bland-Altman plots. Result : Regardless of the measuring site, SpO₂ was correlated with the paired measurements of SaO₂ (r=.40~.60, p<.001, CCC range=.40~.58). No significant bias in paired measurements of SpO₂ and SaO₂ was observed at all sites (-0.06~0.19%, p>.05). SpO₂ values at the left finger and right earlobe had the narrowest range, with a 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (left finger -3.04~2.93% and right earlobe -3.18~2.79%). SpO₂ at the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, had a narrower range of 95% LOA than that of the opposing finger (-3.00~2.97% vs. -3.73~3.26%). Conclusion : SpO₂ at the finger without an arterial catheter had the highest level of precision. This study suggests using the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, for pulse oximetry in neurocritical patients.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Background: The international organization for standardization (ISO) 80601-2-61 dictates that the accuracy of a pulse oximeter should be assessed by a controlled desaturation study. We aimed to characterize the relationship between the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) using a turnover model by retrospectively analyzing the data obtained from previous controlled desaturation studies. Materials and Methods: Each volunteer was placed in a semi-Fowler's position and connected to a breathing circuit to administer the hypoxic gas mixture containing medical air, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Volunteers were exposed to various levels of induced hypoxia over 70-100% arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂). The study period consisted of two rounds of hypoxia and the volunteers were maintained in room air between each round. FiO₂ and SpO₂ were recorded continuously during the study period. A population pharmacodynamic analysis was performed with the NONMEM VII level 4 (ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD, USA). Results: In total, 2899 SpO₂ data points obtained from 20 volunteers were used to determine the pharmacodynamic characteristics. The pharmacodynamic parameters were as follows: k_out = 0.942 1/min, Imax = 0.802, IC₅₀ = 85.3%, γ = 27.3. Conclusion: The changes in SpO₂ due to decreases in FiO₂ well explained by the turnover model with inhibitory function as a sigmoidal model.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2015

Blood oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) is so important to be called bio-signal of the fifth. The measurement of blood oxygen saturation based on broad-ban light source has advantages of simple testing facility and easy understanding. This paper proposes a LabVIEW program which measures blood oxygen saturation based on broad-band light source. It combines LabVIEW and MATLAB, utilizing different light absorptions of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin in the visual wavelength range of 450nm-750nm to determine blood oxygen saturation. In order to improve accuracy through reducing the impact of hand shaking, the probe is fixed to the motor stage and then move a constant distance between the probe and the sample to be measured. Experimental results show that the proposed method noticeably increases the accuracy and saves time compared with the conventional methods.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2008

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is occurred by apnea by the obstruction of upper trachea while sleeping, followed by repetitive drop on arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$). Therefore, the present study was focused on relation between $SpO_2$ of while having difficulty in breathing and clinical characteristics of OSAS while sleeping. The study took place at Ewha women university Mokdong hospital with 149 subjects (male 121, female 28) who were examined for polysomnography (PSG) from May 2007 to February 2008. All subjects were adhered to electrodes and sensors to measure electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), chin & leg electromyogram (EMG), airflow at nasal and oral cavities, breathing movement of chest and abdominal snoring sound and $SpO_2$. Lowest $SpO_2$ in male was meaningfully low with higher body mass index (BMI), louder snoring sound and thick neck circumference (p<0.01). While mean $SpO_2$ based on the degree of AHI did not show significant difference, lowest $SpO_2$ was significantly low with high AHI (p<0.001). Also, lowest $SpO_2$ was closely correlated with BMI (r=-00.343, p<0.001), snoring sound (r=0.177, p<0.05), apnea index (r=-0.589, p<0.001), hypopnea index (r=-0.336, p<0.001) and apnea-hypopnea index (r=-0.664, p<0.001). $SpO_2$ was closely related to clinical characteristics of OSAS, like male, BMI, snoring sound and neck circumference. Also, polysomnography accompanied by recent development of sleep study is considered as critical test to diagnose OSAS, decide the severity of illness, and evaluate the treatment plan.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Premature babies of less than 37 weeks gestation might require oxygen therapy as an integral part of treatment and respiratory support. Because of their under-developed lungs, these so-called "preemies" might contract respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To treat RDS, neonatal oxygen therapy is administered, where controlled oxygen gas is measured as a fraction of inspired oxygen ($FiO_2$). However, exposure to high oxygen content during long treatment could cause oxygen intoxication, which might cause permanent blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), whereas insufficient oxygen exposure could cause severe hypoxia. A doctor would use oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) data and prescribe a dose of $FiO_2$ to maintain $SpO_2$ within a suitable range. One objective is to maintain $SpO_2$ within the acceptable range using $FiO_2$ that is as low as possible. Adjustment of $FiO_2$ would normally be done by nurses every 15 to 30 minutes, which might not be safe in many situations. An error in $FiO_2$ adjustment during a manual procedure could be as large as +/- 2.5%. This paper presents a system that can determine an $FiO_2$ value suitable to the current $SpO_2$ and that automatically adjusts $FiO_2$ with an error clearance of +/- 0.25%.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.529-539
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• 1998

Prematurity is the main cause for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates. The goal in the treatment of RDS is to maintain respiration with adequate oxygenation. ETS needs to be performed to remove lung secretions in the ventilated premature infants with RDS. Oxygen saturation(SpO$_2$) and heart rate(HR) were compared in 22 premature infants with RDS using two types of ETS : open ETS versus close ETS. The results showed there was no significant difference in the SpO$_2$ and HR responses between open ETS and close ETS. The SpO$_2$ and HR returned to the baseline within 1 minute after suctioning. But in some case, there was a significantly greater incidence in the decrease of SpO$_2$ below 90% occured in the open ETS than in the close ETS. It implies that closed ETS may be beneficial to the premature infants who tend to develop desaturation easily.