• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and an ability of a biological system, to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. It has been suggested that developmental alloxan-induced liver damage is mediated through increases in oxidative stress. The anti-diabetic effect and antioxidant activity of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) fractions were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After two weeks administration of PM, the liver antioxidant enzyme and hyperglycemic state were evaluated. The results showed that oral administration of PM treatments reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats by oral administration (P < 0.05). Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT) were also diminished by PM supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to those in the normal rats but were restored by PM treatments. PM fractions also repressed the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine synthase (GCS) were also reduced in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. PM fractions could restore the GR and GST activities, but the GCS activity was not affected in rat livers. From the results of the present study, the diabetic effect of the butanol fraction of PM against alloxan-induced diabetic rats was concluded to be mediated either by preventing the decline of hepatic antioxidant status or due to its indirect radical scavenging capacity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 1991

Recent experimental work indicates latamoxef sodium used as a broadspectrum antibiotics generates oxygen-free radicals. The present study represents an attempt to investigate whether reperfusate containing Shiomarin[85% latamoxef sodium+15% mannitol] might decrease the post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function. In the investigation, twelve isolated rat hearts were subjected to 270 minutes of cold total global ischemia. After the cold total global ischemia, six hearts[KHB group] were reperfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution and the other six hearts[LMS group] with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution containing latamoxef sodium[200ug /L]. Postischemic recovery rate of heart rate, aortic systolic pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow and cardiac output at 20 minutes reperfusion was 100.66$\pm$10.38, 85.25$\pm$7.61, 78.95$\pm$6. 02, 78.85$\pm$8.86 and 79.11$\pm$6.54 percent respectively in the KHB group and 97.96$\pm$4.19, 87. 72$\pm$4.37, 81.74$\pm$6.80, 82.69$\pm$10.01 and 81.90$\pm$6.67 percent respectively in the LMS group. The hemodynamic data revealed no significant difference in the post-ischemic recovery rate of the two groups. This finding suggests that reperfusate containing Shiomarin[latamoxef sodium, 200ug /L] does not affect the cardiac functional recovery after cold total global ischemia.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1994

It has been believed that antioxidant enzymes such as CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase protect the tissue from damage resulting from the oxygen derived free radicals($O_2\;^-$, $H_2O_2$ and OH ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between activity of antioxidant enzymes including CuZn- and Mn- superoxide dismutase and catalase and inflammatory periodontal disease and periodontal parameters. For this study, the patients were classified into normal, gingivitis, adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis, and then their papillary bleeding index(PBI) and probing depth were checked. Gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during periodontal surgery, extraction, and clinical crown lengthening procedure. The activity of CuZn- and Mn- superoxide dismutase and catalase in the gingival tissues was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer by the same methods as Crapo et al. And Aebi did, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. CuZn- and Mn- and total-superoxide dismutase activity were significantly low in rapidly progressive periodontitis group in comparison to normal group (P<0.05). 2. In comparison of the antioxidant enzyme activity according to papillary bleeding index group(PBI), Mn-superoxide dismutase activity only was significantly lower in PBI 2, 3, and 4 groups than PBI 0 group(P<0.05). 3. Superoxide dismutase activity failed to show any significant difference according to probing depth. But significant]y high catalase activity was shown in deep pocket group (${\ge}7mm$)(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase among the antioxidant enzymes may reflect the inflammatory status of gingival tissue and that the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase may be one of responsibe factors for progression of rapidly progressive periodontitis.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.829-836
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• 1997

Studies on the effect of quinones on cardiac function has been conducted with normal hearts. But not with injured hearts, I.e. ischemia/reperfusion-injured heart. Quinone compounds are known to produce oxygen free radicals during metabolism, and for this reason, quinones are implicated in the aggravation of ischemia/reperfusion injury or cardioprotection, as in the case of ischemic preconditioning depending on the experimental conditions. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of 2-chloro-3-(4-cyanophenylamino)-1.4-naphthoquinone (NQ-Y15) on cardiac function of ischemic/reperfused and normal rat hearts. In isolated perfused hearts, various functional parameters such as left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and maximum positive and negative dP/dt ($[\pm}dP/dt_{max}$), time to contracture, heart rate (HR) and coronary flow rate (CFR) were measured before and 30 min after dosing and following 25 min ischemia/30min reperfusion. NQ-Y15 increased LVDP, +dP/$d_{max}$and -dP/$dt_{min}$ by 18%. 30%, and 40%, respectively. There were no significant changes in other haemodynamic parameters. After ischemia/reperfusion injury, pretreatment with NQ-Y15 induced a significant decrease in LVDP and $[\pm}dP/dt_{max}$, but an increase in EDP. LDH-release was not significantly increased. These results suggested that NQ-Y15 may augment the ventricular contractility but it makes hearts more vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

Skin is constantly exposed to air, solar radiation, ozone and other air pollutants formulating free radicals. The reactive oxygen species(ROS), formed under these conditions, are associated with skin cancers, cutaneous photoaging, and cutaneous inflammatory disorders. In this study, we sought to establish an animal model for UVB-induced skin alteration using BALB/c mice. The level of UVB irradiation used in this model was within physiological dose. BALB/c mice were exposed to a single dose of UVB ($200mJ/cm^2$ and were sacrificed at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours following the irradiation. The effect of a single exposure to UVB irradiation on skin catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities were examined. Significant decrease in the activity of all enzymes were observed at 6 hours after irradiation(p<.05). The activity of CAT decreased more sharply than those of SOD and GPx, and then remained depressed until 48 hours after UVB irradiation, whereas the activity of GPx recovered to basal level at 48 h after UVB irradiation. Our results indicate that BALB/c mouse could be an adequate animal model of UVB irradiation experiment. These results will also provide fundamental knowledge for the effective nursing strategies in reducing UV-induced skin disorders.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.884-890
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• 2007

A mechanism of hair cell damage caused by noise and ototoxic agents is mediated through generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species(ROS). It is known that most of animals have defense systems of ROS that protect against ROS, and the cochlea of animals also has ROS defense system, which appear efficient in detoxifying ROS generated under normal condition. This system includes several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase(GR). The radix of Pueraria thunbergiana(P. thunbergiana) is traditionally prescribed to attenuate the clinical manifestation of inner ear dysfunction and various clinical situations including fevers, gastrointestinal disorders, skin problems, migraine headaches, lowering cholesterol, and treating chronic alcoholism in Oriental Medicine. In the present study, to investigate the protection mechanism of ${\beta}-sitosterol$ from P. thunbergiana on cisplatin cytotoxicity toward HEI-OC1, we measured the effects of ${\beta}-sitosterol$ on activities of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GR in cisplatin treated cells. SOD, CAT, GPX, and GR activities were significantly increased in the presence of 0.001-0.1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of ${\beta}-sitosterol$ compared to the control group. These results indicate that ${\beta}-sitosterol$ protects cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage through increasing the antioxidant enzyme system such as SOD, CAT, GPX, and GR.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2011

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a cytoprotective and homeostatic molecule with important signaling capabilities in physiological and pathophysiological situations. CO protects cells/tissues from damage by free radicals or oxidative stress. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) is a highly inducible enzyme that is regulated by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which is central to efficient detoxification of reactive metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methods: We generated NQO1 promoter construct. HepG2 cells were treated with CO Releasing Molecules-2 (CORM-2) or CO gas and the gene expressions were measured by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and luciferase assays. Results: CO induced expression of NQO1 in human hepatocarcinoma cell lines by activation of Nrf2. Exposure of HepG2 cells to CO resulted in significant induction of NQO1 in dose- and time-dependent manners. Analysis of the NQO1 promoter indicated that an antioxidant responsible element (ARE)-containing region was critical for the CO-induced Nrf2-dependent increase of NQO1 gene expression in HepG2 cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CO-induced Nrf2 increases the expression of NQO1 which is well known to detoxify reactive metabolites and ROS.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2014

세포내에는 비효소적 반응으로 활성산소류를 제거하는 소분자의 항산화 물질과 과산소와 하이드로페록사이드를 분해하는 효소들이 존재한다. 항산화 시스템은 자유라디칼과 활성산소류를 제거함으로써 산화스트레스로부터 세포 구성요소들을 보호하는 역할을 한다. 비효소적 항산화 물질은 지용성과 친수성이 있는데, 지용성 물질들은 세포막에 위치하며 과산화지질이 형성되는 반응을 억제한다. 카로테노이드와 비타민E, $CoQ_{10}$은 세포 내에서 주요 지용성 항산화 물질로써, 이들이 대량으로 축적된 주요 작물의 개발은 영양학적 가치가 높은 식품을 생산할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 식물에서 카로테노이드와 비타민E, $CoQ_{10}$의 생합성 경로와 대사공학을 이용한 영양강화 연구 현황을 기술하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1996

Diabetes carries an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease that is not fully explained by known car-diovascular risk factors. There is accumulating evidence that advanced glycation of structural proteins, and oxidation and glycation of circulating lipoproteins, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic ather-osclerosis. Reactions involving glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids are believed to contribute to atherogenesis. Glycation, the nonenzymatic binding of glucose to protein molecules, can increase the ather-ogenic potential of certain plasma constituents, including low density lipoptotein(LDL). Glycation of LDL is significant increased in diabetic patients compared with normal subjects, even in the presence of good glycemic control. Metabolic abnormalities associated with glycation of LDL include diminished recognition of LDL by the classic LDL receptor; increased covalent binding of LDL in vessel walls ; enhanced uptake of LDL by the macrophages, thus stimulating foam cell formation ; increased platelet aggregation; formation of LDL-immune complexes ; and generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting on oxidative damage to both the lipid and protein components of LDL and to any nearby macromolecules. Oxidized lipoproteins are characterzied by cytotoxicity, potent stimulation of foam cell formation by macrophages, and procoagulant effects. Combined glycation and oxidation, "glycoxidation" occurs when oxidative reactions affect the initial products of glycation, and results in irreversible structural alterations of proteins. Glycoxidation is of greatest significance in long lived proteins such as collagen. In these proteins, glycoxidation products, believed to be atherogenic, accumulate with advancing age : in diabetes, their rate of accumulate is accelerated. Inhibition of glycation, oxidation and glycoxidation may form the basis of future antiaterogenic strategies in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.dividuals.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.287-300
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• 2019

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has spread to more than 9 million ha of wheat in the warm, humid areas of the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia and is a disease of major concern in other similar wheat growing regions worldwide. Differential lignin content in resistant and susceptible genotypes and its association with free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), superoxide ($O_2{^-}$) and hydroxyl radical ($OH^-$) were studied after inoculation under field conditions for two consecutive years. $H_2O_2$ significantly influenced lignin content in flag leaves, whereas there was a negative correlation among lignin and $H_2O_2$ to the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The production of $H_2O_2$ was higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible ones. The $O_2{^-}$ and $OH^-$ positively correlated with AUDPC but negatively with lignin content. This study illustrates that $H_2O_2$ has a vital role in prompting lignification and thereby resistance to spot blotch in wheat. We used cluster analysis to separate the resistant and susceptible genotypes by phenotypic and biochemical traits. $H_2O_2$ associated lignin production significantly reduced the number of appressoria and penetration pegs. We visualized the effect of lignin in disease resistance using differential histochemical staining of tissue from resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shows the variable accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin around penetration sites.