• 제목/요약/키워드: oxygen effect

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수영 시험 모델에서 산소 농도에 따른 운동성 변화와 독성 평가 (Oxygen Toxicity: Behavioral Assessment by Swim Test in Mouse Exposed to Hypoxia and Hyperoxia)

  • 김동희;강문철;김재일;이근호;김광열;김형건
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2003
  • This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen on motor activity and toxicity in male mice. The modified Porsolt forced swim test (FST) was used and the distance and time of movement by mice were analyzed in 15。C water bath for 20 minutes using the automatic Ethovision videotracking system. Analyses were carried out before and after 20 minutes of exposure to 10%-70% concentration of normobaric oxygen. The effects of inspired oxygen tension on the distance and time of movement showed the similar trends, but changes in distance were more prominent. Both the distance and time of movement increased after exposure to 30% and 40% oxygen concentration. The distance and time of movement also increased upon exposure to 50% and 60% oxygen. In contrast, increases En movement and time under exposure to 21% oxygen concentration were suppressed when exposed to over 50% oxygen concentration. With exposure to 10% oxygen, there was a significant decrease in the distance of movement and a slight suppression of movement time. During the swim test, 12.5%, 37.5%, and 87.5% of the mice drowned after exposure to 10%, 60%, and 70% oxygen concentration, respectively. These results suggest that motor activity can be enhanced by inspired oxygen up to 40% concentration. When hypoxic and hyperoxic oxygen exposure over 50%, motor activity is reduced and toxicity may be induced.

30% 농도의 산소 공급이 기억력, 혈중 산소 농도, 심박률에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of 30% Oxygen on the Memory Performance, Hyperoxia and Heart Rate)

  • 정순철;탁계래;이봉수
    • 산업공학
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.178-183
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    • 2005
  • In this study, changes in memory performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate according to 30% concentration oxygen supply were observed. Ten healthy male and female college students (male:$25.8{\pm}0.8$ years, female: $24.2{\pm}1.9$ years) participated in the study. The experiment was performed as Rest (1min.), Control task (1min.), Word presentation (1min.), Reaction time task (1min.), Distractor (2min.), and Word recall (1min.) and the physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured throughout the stages. Subjects who received 30% oxygen recalled more words than those who received 21% oxygen, which shows 30% oxygen supply has influenced positively on memory cognitive performance. When 30% concentration oxygen is supplied, the blood oxygen saturation in the task phases was increased and the heart rate decreased when comparing to 21%. It means that 30% oxygen can stimulate brain activation by increasing actual blood oxygen concentration in the process of cognitive performance, and the heart rate decreases because enough oxygen is supplied to process the cognitive performance.

생체용 Ti-18Nb-6Zr-XO (X = 0~1.5at%) 합금의 형상기억특성에 미치는 산소 농도의 영향 (Effect of Oxygen Content on Shape Memory Characteristics of Ti-18Nb-6Zr-XO (X = 0~1.5at%) Alloys)

  • 박영철;옥지면;오정화;박수호;이준희;김재일
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.617-622
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    • 2011
  • The effect of oxygen on the shape memory characteristics in Ti-18Nb-6Zr-XO (X = 0-1.5 at%) biomedical alloys was investigated by tensile tests. The alloys were fabricated by an arc melting method at Ar atmosphere. The ingots were cold-rolled to 0.45 mm with a reduction up to 95% in thickness. After severe cold-rolling, the plate was solution-treated at 1173 K for 1.8 ks. The fracture stress of the solution-treated specimens increased from 450 Mpa to 880 MPa with an increasing oxygen content up to 1.5%. The fracture stress increased by 287MPa with 1 at% increase of oxygen content. The critical stress for slip increased from 430 MPa to 695 MPa with an increasing oxygen content up to 1.5 at%. The maximum recovery strain of 4.1% was obtained in the Ti-18Nb-6Zr-0.5O (at%) alloy. The martensitic transformation temperature decreased by 140 K with a 1.0 at% increase in O content, which is lower than that of Ti-22Nb-(0-2.0)O (at%) by 20 K. This may have been caused by the effect of the addition of Zr. This study confirmed that addition of oxygen to the Ti-Nb-Zr alloy increases the critical stress for slip due to solid solution hardening without being detrimental to the maximum recovery strain.

Hydrogen photoproduction by the synchronously grown marine unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Miami BG 043511 under extremely high oxygen concentration

  • Yih, Won-Ho;Takeyama, Haruko;Mitsui, Akira
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.18-22
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    • 1996
  • The effect of exogenous oxygen on hydrogen photoproduction was examined in the synchronously grown cells of marine Synechococcus sp. Miami BG 043511 under conditions of high cell density (0.6-0.8 mg chl-${\alpha}$ $ml^{-1}$) and high light intensity (1000 ${\mu}$E $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$). Hydrogen evolution after 20-h incubation did not decline under the initial oxygen concentrations up to 20%, but declined by half under 34% oxygen. 50% and 100% oxygen gas phase did not completely inhibit the hydrogen photoproduction during 40-h incubations. After 2-day pretreatment under 100% exogenous oxygen the hydrogen photoproduction capabilities were not irreversibly inhibited, which was demonstrated in the subsequent 9-day incubation under initial 0, 50 and even under 100% oxygen gas phase. This strain could be useful for developing a hydrogen photoproduction system under atmospheric oxygen concentration.

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산소전달 속도와 용존산소가 Azotobacter vinelandii UWD의 생분해성 고분자(PHBV) 생산에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Oxygen Transfer Rate and Dissolved Oxygen on the Production of PHBV by Azoto-bacter vinelandii UWD.)

  • 박창호
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.529-536
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    • 1998
  • 용존산소(D.O.) level은 유기산 및 포도당을 혼합한 배지에서 Azotobacter vinelandii UWD의 생장 및 생분해성 고분자(PHBV) 생성에 큰 영향을 주었다. 용존산소 level이 높은 경우(5% D.O.)는 낮은 경우(1% D.O.)에 비해 세포의 생장속도가 약 2배 증가하였으나 PHBV 생성은 D.O.가 낮은 경우 62.3 wt%로 D.O.가 높은 경우에 비해 약 17배 증가하였다. 그러나 B.O. level은 통기(aeration)에 의한 A. vinefandii UWD의 발효특성 연구에 적합한 기준이 아니었다. 공기공급속도를 고정하고 교반속도만을 변화시키는 통기법으로 산소전달속도를 감소시켰을 때 이 균주는 산소소모속도를 그에 따라 대응 감소시킴으써 겉보기 D.O.를 높게(5%) 유지할 수 있었고 이 때 생장이 느려지고 PHBV 양은 57.3 wt%로 증가하였다. 통기가 세포생장 및 PHBV 생성에 미치는 영향을 일관성 있게 설명할 수 있는 기준은 D.O. level이 아니라 산소전달속도였으며 비생장속도는 산소전달속도에 비례하여 증가하였고 PHBV 생산량은 산소전달속도에 반비례하였다.

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오공(蜈蚣)의 항산화효과에 관한 연구 (Antioxidative Effects of Scolopendra subspinipes)

  • 최용건;이동웅;김근우;구병수
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.129-142
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    • 2008
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the extract of Scolopendra subspinipes which has been used mainly for detoxication in the oriental medicine and reported to have sedative action, antiinflammatory effect, antihypertensive property and immunity enhancing activity. Method: Inhibitory activities on oxygen radical generating enzymes (aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase) and increasing activities on oxygen radical scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) were investigated. Furthermore, the content of glutathione in the mouse brain, DPPH radical scavenging activity and also anti-lipid peroxidative effects in vivo and in vitro were estimated. Results: The extract showed weak inhibitory effects on the activities of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase which are oxygen radical generating enzymes. The extract inhibited lipid peroxidation with 26.1% against control group at 500 mg/kg in vivo and with 11.2% against control group at 10 mg/kg in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, which means this drug may protect radical-induced cell damages. The extract showed dose-dependently the scavenging effect on DPPH radical with 24.8% activity at 10 mg/ml in vitro. The extract enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase, which are oxygen radical scavenging enzymes, with 28.9%, 22.3% and 23.1%, respectively at 500mg/kg in vivo. Finally, this extract strongly increased the glutathione content in the mouse barin. Conclusion: Above results indicated that Scolopendra subspinipes can be useful for the protection or treatment of some diseases caused by reactive oxygen species.

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고압산소챔버 중재가 알코올에 의한 산화적 스트레스 및 숙취 해소에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Intervention on Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hangover in Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber)

  • 권혁찬;박순원;조현정;강지현;이현주;태기식
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen chamber on alcohol-induced oxidative stress and hangover. In order to evaluate them, 20 healthy adults were tested for blood and hangover stress tests. When an exponential change was examined after 3 interventions (hangover drink, hyperbaric oxygen chamber, and normal chamber as placebo effect) of 1 hour, the heart rate of subjects experiencing a hyperbaric oxygen chamber showed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001). The tests of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as for exquisite hematology analysis, glucose, creatinine, and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) as well as ALT (alanine aminotransferase) used as liver-damage indicator show that the hyperbaric chamber has the effective effect. In the test of lactic acid, CRP (c-reactive protein), cortisol, and creatinine, the hyperbaric chamber shows much more excellent effect than the hangover drink and normal chamber as control groups. Further studies on hyperbaric oxygen chamber intervention including this study could be very helpful for improving lives of both the patients and healthy people.

친환경 소재에 대한 플라즈마 가공과 효소가공이 감량률에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of the Enzyme Treatment and the Plasma Pre- Treatment on Environment Friendly Fabrics)

  • 김지현
    • 한국의상디자인학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2009
  • The cotton, wool, cotton/wool blended(80:20) and tencel fabrics were treated with low temperature oxygen or argon plasma, enzymes(cellulase or protease), or oxygen plasma-enzyme and examined for their weight loss and conditions for treatment for the environment friendly finishing. In the plasma treatment argon gas had better effect on the weight loss than oxygen gas did and the weight loss of all the fabrics was increased as increasing discharge power and discharge time. The weight loss of cotton, wool, cotton/wool blended(80:20) fabrics decreased in a large measure after 1 hr but that of tencel didn't decrease after 1 hr. In case of cellulose fibers oxygen gas plasma induced chemical functional groups on the surface of substrate more than argon gas plasma did so the weight loss of wool was larger than that of cotton, tencel fabrics in oxygen plasma-enzyme treatment. The weight loss of cotton and tencel fabrics decreased the initial stage because oxygen plasma pre-treatment caused cross linking as well as etching effect but argon plasma pre-treatment didn't. The plasma pre-treatment cleared the way for enzyme treatment on the whole but oxygen plasma pre-treatment bear in hand the increase of weight loss more or less because of the cross linking on the surface of cellulose fibers. The appropriate conditions for plasma treatment was 10-1Torr, 40W for 30minutes and for cellulase treatment were enzyme concentration of $3g/{\ell}$, pH 5, $60^{\circ}C$ for 1hr and for protease treatment were enzyme concentration of $4g/{\ell}$ pH 8, $60^{\circ}C$ for 1hr.

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자동차 화상시뮬레이터에서 운전 중 동시과제 수행에 고농도 산소와 향 자극이 미치는 영향 (Effect of Highly Concentrated Oxygen and Stimulus of Odors on the Performance of Secondary Tasks While Driving Using Vehicle Graphic Driving Simulator)

  • 지두환;민철기;류태범;신문수;정순철;강진규;민병찬
    • 산업경영시스템학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2012
  • In this study, it was observed through the ability of performing secondary tasks and baseline fetal heart rate how the supply of lavender, peppermint and highly concentrated oxygen (40%) affected distraction due to the performance of secondary tasks in the driving environment. Twelve male university students conducted secondary tasks while driving in the environments (6 in total) mixed and designed with oxygen concentration (21%, 40%) and the condition of odors (Normal, Lavender, Peppermint). The test was proceeded in order of stable state (5mins), driving (5mins), and secondary tasks (1min), and by extracting ECG data from every section by 30secs, the mean value of baseline fetal heart rate was calculated. As a result of analysis, in the ability of performing secondary tasks, a percentage of correct answers showed no difference in oxygen concentration and the condition of odors (p > 0.05). In performance completion time, a percentage of correct answers decreased showing a statistically significant difference in the condition of odors compared with the condition where odors were not provided (p < 0.05). As for baseline fetal heart rate, in the comparison between sections, while performing secondary tasks, it increased showing a significant difference compared with stable state and driving state (p < 0.05). The effect of interaction was observed in oxygen concentration and the condition of odors. When odors were not provided, baseline fetal heart rate decreased in 40% oxygen concentration compared with 21% oxygen concentration (p < 0.05), however, when peppermint was provided, it increased in 40% oxygen concentration compared with 21% oxygen concentration (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the fact that the condition of odors increased the ability of calculation, and when only the highly concentrated oxygen was provided, parasympathetic nerve system was activated, however, when highly concentrated oxygen was provided with peppermint at the same time, sympathetic nervous system (sns) was activated, which had a negative effect on the autonomic nervous system was drawn.

The Effect of Particle Size on Ignition Characteristics of Pulverized High-Volatile Bituminous Coal

  • Kim, Hyung-Taek
    • 에너지공학
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 1993
  • A cylindrical-shape, horizontal furnace was used to investigate the effect of particle size on the pulverized coal combustion behavior. Three differently-sized fractions (5, 30, and 44 microns in average diameter) of high-volatile bituminous coal, were burned in the test furnace. Ignition characteristics of pulverized coal flame were determined through the amount of methane in the carrier gas for the self-sustaining flame. Easiest ignition occurred with the immediately-sized coal particles. Ignition of coal jet flame appeared to occur through a gas-phase homogeneous process for particles larger than 30 microns. Below this limiting size, heterogeneous process probably dominated ignition of coal flame. Oxygen concentration of combustion air was varied up to 50%, to determine the oxygen-enrichment effect on the coal ignition behavior. Oxygen enrichment of primary air assisted ignition behavior of pulverized coal flame. However, enrichment of secondary air didn't produce any effect on the ignition behavior.

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