• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 1998

해양미생물로부터 사람 Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)에 대한 항산화 활성 균주를 검색 하였든 바 부산 인근연안에서 항산화 활성이 높은 Bacillus sp. RH-5를 분리 동정하였다. Bacillus sp. RH-5의 항산화 활성물질의 생산 최적 배지는 1.0% glucose, 0.25% polypeptone, 0.25% yeast extract, 0.01% $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 50% sea water 이였다. 이때 최적 조건은 pH 7.0, 배양오도는 $30^{\circ}C$ 및 배양시간은 48시간에서 항산화 활성이 가장 높았다. 사람 LDL을 $1~5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;CuSo_4$ 존재하에서 산화 시킨 결과 Bacillus sp. RH-5 배양액의 ethyl acetate 추출물의 500 및 $1,000\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$에서 산화가 억제되었으며 또 $5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;CuSo_4$ 존재하에서 산화 시킨 LDL의 전기 영동거리는 native LDL 보다 다소 높았으나 LDL에 ethyl acetate 추출물을 첨가한 경우 그 이동거리는 native LDL과 거의 비슷하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1996

Diabetes carries an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease that is not fully explained by known car-diovascular risk factors. There is accumulating evidence that advanced glycation of structural proteins, and oxidation and glycation of circulating lipoproteins, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic ather-osclerosis. Reactions involving glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids are believed to contribute to atherogenesis. Glycation, the nonenzymatic binding of glucose to protein molecules, can increase the ather-ogenic potential of certain plasma constituents, including low density lipoptotein(LDL). Glycation of LDL is significant increased in diabetic patients compared with normal subjects, even in the presence of good glycemic control. Metabolic abnormalities associated with glycation of LDL include diminished recognition of LDL by the classic LDL receptor; increased covalent binding of LDL in vessel walls ; enhanced uptake of LDL by the macrophages, thus stimulating foam cell formation ; increased platelet aggregation; formation of LDL-immune complexes ; and generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting on oxidative damage to both the lipid and protein components of LDL and to any nearby macromolecules. Oxidized lipoproteins are characterzied by cytotoxicity, potent stimulation of foam cell formation by macrophages, and procoagulant effects. Combined glycation and oxidation, "glycoxidation" occurs when oxidative reactions affect the initial products of glycation, and results in irreversible structural alterations of proteins. Glycoxidation is of greatest significance in long lived proteins such as collagen. In these proteins, glycoxidation products, believed to be atherogenic, accumulate with advancing age : in diabetes, their rate of accumulate is accelerated. Inhibition of glycation, oxidation and glycoxidation may form the basis of future antiaterogenic strategies in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.dividuals.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2012

This paper describes the effects of thermally oxidized tallow on the serum lipids profile and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the lipids extracted from the different tissues of the rabbits. Tallow was thermally oxidized at $130^{\circ}C$ for 9, 18, 27, 36 and 45 h respectively. Thermally oxidized tallow was fed to the local strain of Himalayan rabbits for one week. Results show that oxidation increases the formation of hydroperoxides and decrease the level of radical scavenging activity of the tallow. The rabbit serum lipids profile showed a dose dependent increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. However, no statistically significant increase was observed in the HDL-cholesterol with an increase of oxidation time. Serum glucose and rabbits body weight decrease significantly (p < 0.05) and was highly correlated with the serum lipids profile. The percent RSA of the lipids extracted from the liver, brain and muscles tissues showed a significant decrease with respect to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/body weight as well as oxidation time. Data suggests that thermal oxidation and use of thermally oxidized beef tallow is harmful and therefore an alternative way of cooking should be used.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2012

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)의 산화는 동맥경화의 유발과 진행에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 숙성 마늘 유래 유황화합물인 S-allylmercaptocysteine의 항산화 효과를 실험하였다. S-allylmercaptocysteine의 항산화 효과는 $Cu^{2+}$ 유도 LDL에 대하여 thiobarturic acid substance (TBARS)와 전기영동 이동거리, 공액 이중결합으로 측정하였다. 사람 LDL을 $Cu^{2+}$ 유도로 산화시킬 때 S-allylmercaptocysteine은 용량 의존형으로 나타났으며, 농도가 $20{\mu}g/ml$ 일 때 거의 완전한 억제 효과를 나타내었다. S-allylmercaptocysteine에 대한 전기영동 이동거리로 $20{\mu}g/ml$ 일 때 가장 낮았으며 공액 2중결합 형성도 $20{\mu}g/ml$ 일 때 거의 억제되었다. 한편 S-allylmercaptocysteine을 항산화제인 $d{\ell}-{\alpha}$-tocopherol과 LDL에 대한 항산화력을 비교한 결과 같은 농도에서 S-allylmercaptocysteine이 약간 높았다. 따라서 S-allylmercaptocysteine이 동맥경화의 발병과 진행을 예방하는 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.464-469
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• 2012

Endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is thought to play a critical role in atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cell functions, including differentiation, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNA let-7 family is known to be involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis. However, the function of let-7 in ox-LDL induced ECs apoptosis and atherosclerosis is still unknown. Here, we show that let-7c expression was markedly up-regulated in ox-LDL induced apoptotic human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Let-7c over-expression enhanced apoptosis in ECs whereas inhibition of let-7c could partly alleviate apoptotic cell death mediated by ox-LDL. Searching for how let-7c affected apoptosis, we discovered that antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xl was a direct target of let-7c in ECs. Our data suggest that let-7c contributes to endothelial apoptosis through suppression of Bcl-xl.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2013

This study was designed to analyze the effects of methanol extracts and solvent fractions of the young branch of Prunus persica on scavenging activity of ROS, RNS and inhibiting activity of oxidative modification in human LDL induced by copper ion or free radical generator. The scavenging capacities of the fractions on DPPH radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite were exhibited the highest in ethylacetate fraction, followed by butanol fraction. In the copper-induced LDL oxidative modification system, the highest antioxidant activity was revealed in ethylacetate fraction, and butanol fraction exhibited a similar activity. However, solvent fractions of the young branch of Prunus persica showed a relatively low antioxidant activity in the AAPH-mediated LDL oxidation. In addition, ethylacetate and butanol fractions also inhibited the copper-mediated LDL oxidation in the REM assay, which was comparable to that of the positive controls, including EDTA, ascorbic acid and BHT. Futhermore, a content of total phenolics in these two fractions was higher than that of the other fractions. These results indicated that ethylacetate and butanol fractions of the young branch of Prunus persica were useful for the prevention of the free radical- or metal ion-induced oxidative damages.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.43.1-43.14
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• 2021

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), which express IL-22 and IL-17A, has been introduced as one of pathologic cells in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Dyslipidaemia should be managed in axSpA patients to reduce cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidaemia promotes inflammation. This study aimed to reveal the role of circulating ILC3 in axSpA and the impact of dyslipidaemia on axSpA pathogenesis. AxSpA patients with or without dyslipidaemia and healthy control were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and flow cytometry analysis of circulating ILC3 and CD4⁺ T cells was performed. The correlation between Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-C-reactive protein (CRP) and circulating immune cells was evaluated. The effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL-C) on immune cell differentiation was confirmed. AxSpA human monocytes were cultured with with oxLDL-C, IL-22, or oxLDL-C plus IL-22 to evaluate osteoclastogenesis using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and real-time quantitative PCR of osteoclast-related gene expression. Total of 34 axSpA patients (13 with dyslipidaemia and 21 without) were included in the analysis. Circulating IL-22⁺ ILC3 and Th17 were significantly elevated in axSpA patients with dyslipidaemia (p=0.001 and p=0.034, respectively), and circulating IL-22⁺ ILC3 significantly correlated with ASDAS-CRP (Rho=0.4198 and p=0.0367). Stimulation with oxLDL-C significantly increased IL-22⁺ ILC3, NKp44^- ILC3, and Th17 cells, and these were reversed by CD36 blocking agent. IL-22 and oxLDL-C increased TRAP⁺ cells and osteoclast-related gene expression. This study suggested potential role of circulating IL-22⁺ ILC3 as biomarker in axSpA. Furthermore, dyslipidaemia augmented IL-22⁺ ILC3 differentiation, and oxLDL-C and IL-22 markedly increased osteoclastogenesis of axSpA.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.850-858
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• 1996

본 연구는 녹차를 열수로 추출하여 LDL에 대한 항산화 활성을 연구한 결과이다. 녹차 1.25 g에 열수 500 ml를 가하여 추출한 후 다시 500 ml를 가하여 재추출하였으며 이를 증발, 건조한 결과 추출액의 건물량은 4.67 mg이었다. 녹차잎의 함량이 1.25%가 되도록 조절한 녹차에는 항산화 활성이 강한 polyphenol 화합물중 (-) epicatechin gallate 54.1%, (-) epicatechin gallate 26.2%, (-) epigallocatechin 10.7%, (-) epicatechin 이 7.0% 및 catechin이 1.8% 함유되었다. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)의 산화에 있어서 LDL은 $CuSO_4$ 존재하에서 macrophage와 배양시켰더니 빠르게 산화를 일으켰다. 그러나 $5\;{\mu}M\;CuSO_4$ 매개 LDL의 산화에 50 및 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 GTE를 넣어 배양하면 거의 완전히 산화를 억제하였다. $5\;{\mu}M\;CuSO_{4}$ 존재하에서 산화시킨 LDL의 전기영동 이동거리는 native LDL보다 높았다. 또 50 및 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 GTE는 J774, human monocyte derived macrophags 및 vascular endothelial cells에서 유도되는 LDL의 산화를 억제하였다. $CuSO_4$ 및 cell 유도에 의하여 산화되는 LDL은 native LDL보다 더욱 많은 양이 human macrophage에 의하여 분해되고 GTE는 macrophage에 의한 $^{125}I-LDL$의 산화를 강력히 억제하였다. 그리고 GTE는 cell 매개 LDL의 macrophage에 의한 축적 또는 분해를 억제하였다. LDL을 $5\;{\mu}M\;CuSO_4$, 존재하에서 산화시킬 때 GTE를 50 및$100\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 넣어 배양하면 공액 dienes의 생성이 억제되고, 또한 Oxid LDL macrophage derived human monocytes에서도 축적이 억제되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2013

본 연구는 산마늘추출물이 과산화지질을 급여한 비만쥐의 지질강하, 항산화효과 및 염증매개물질의 생산에 미치는 영향을 검토했다. 그 결과 혈장 FFA, TG, total cholesterol 및 LDL-cholesterol 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 감소했으며, 혈장HDL-cholesterol 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 증가했다. 간장 내 total cholesterol 농도 및 TG 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 혈장 및 간장의 TBARS 농도는 산마늘추출물 처리군 모두가 대조군보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 간장 GSH-Px, SOD 및 CAT활성치모두가 산마늘추출물 처리군 들에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 NO, Ceruloplasmin 및 ${\alpha}1$-acid glycoprotein 농도는 산마늘추출물 투여군 들이 대조군보다 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 산마늘추출물에 지질강하, 항산화 및 항염증작용에 효과를 나타내는 기능성물질이 내재하고 있음을 시사한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2003

Several polyphenolic compounds and complex mixtures were isolated from brown algae species. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydarzyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of these compounds were evaluated to determine their physiological usefulness as antioxidants for vascular protection. The antioxidative protection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was also evaluated and compared with that of catechin, because the generation of oxidized LDL is one of the most active and specific risk factors contributing to atherogenesis. Oral administration to rats of a commercially available sample ($VNP^{TM}$) containing 30% of these polyphenolic compounds and 70% dietary fiber revealed that the serum reducing capacity measured in terms of FRAP value was significantly elevated 30 min after the treatment, but declined rather quickly thereafter, indicating the good oral absorption of the compounds and their fast binding to the lumenal surface of the blood vessels. An eight-week, human, clinical trial (n=31) of $VNP^{TM}$ showed significant improvement in erectile function measured by IIEF (international index of erectile function) score. These results collectively demonstrated the usefulness of these polyphenolic compounds as fundamental chemopreventive agents against vascular risk factors originating from oxidative stress.