• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

Objectives : This is the study of the application as the ingredients of cosmetics through the examination of the function for physiological activity of Chestnut inner shell. Methods : Chestnut inner shell, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect, nitric oxide inhibition have been investigated in the physiological activity measurement of function experiment. Results : We used BHA and kogic acid for the comparative. As a result of testing electron donating ability, at over 100ppm of water extract and ethanol extract, BHA showed relatively high donating ability by more than 90%. And as a result of measuring SOD like activity, 1000ppm of water extract showed an effect of 30% and ethanol extract showed an effect of 40%, BHA showed an effect of 30%. In the xanthine oxidase inhibition test, 1000ppm of water extract showed an effect of 70% and ethanol extract showed an effect of 63%, BHA showed an effect of 100%. In the tyrosinase inhibition test, 1000ppm of water extract showed an effect of 55% and ethanol extract showed an effect of 87%, Kogic acid showed an effect of 98%. In the anti-inflammatory test, the water extract and ethanol extract inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Conclusions : The results indicated that extract of Chestnut inner shell can be used as a natural ingredients with biological function in cosmetics ingredients.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antitumor activities of Saussurea lappa for the purpose of developing a functional food. The methanol extract of Saussurea lappa was fractionated with five solvents (hexane, chloroform, EtOAc, BuOH, water) and examined for antioxidative activities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in addition to growth inhibitory activity of human cancer cell (HT-29, SNU-1, HeLa). Total phenol compound contents were higher in EtOAC fraction than other fractions. Also, electron donating ability was over 90% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ (93.1 %) and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ (94.3%). The hexane fraction revealed stronger nitrite scavenging ability than the positive control (ascorbic acid) and its abilities were 22.4% and 42.8% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity had similar tendency to electron donating ability. The EtOAc fraction showed high inhibition to xanthien oxidase activities at $500{\mu}g/ml$(81.9%) and $1000{\mu}g/ml$(90.4%). In the antitumor activity test, the hexane fraction exhibited potent growth inhibition activity against HT-29, SNU-1 and HeLa cells. Therefore, we believe that Saussurea lappa can be developed into a functional food with antioxidant activity. Additional studies are required for the hexane and chloroform fractions of Saussurea lappa to develop them into therapeutic supplements for stomach cancer, colon cancer, and cervical cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.353-358
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• 2002

To test the protective effect of herbal medicine against oxygen free radical-induced myocardiotoxicity, cytotoxicity of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (XO/HX) was examined using MTT, TBARS, and beating rate assay in the presence of water extract of Sujeom-san(SJS) or single consituents of its prescription. Myocardial toxicity was evaluated in neonatal rat myocardiocytes in cultures. In the present paper, XO/HX resulted in a decrease in viability and beating rate and increases in lipid peroxidation in cultured myocardial cells. In the effect of SJS water extract, it showed effects from the cardiocytotoxicity induced by XO/HX treatment such as increases in beating rate and decreases in lipid peroxidation. In the effect of Rhizoma Corydalis (RC), Faeces Trogopterori (FT), Fructus Amomi Tsaoko (FAT) and Myrrha on the cardiocytotoxicity, they were significantly effective in blocking the XO/HX-induced cardiocytotoxicity by increase of beating rate in FAT and FT group as well as decrease of lipid peroxidation in FT and RC group. These results show that oxygen free radical elicits toxic effects in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal rat, and suggest that water extract of Sujeomsan, Rhizoma Corydalis, Faeces Trogopterori, Fructus Amomi Tsaoko or Myrrha is very effective in the prevention of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine- induced cardiotoxicity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-107
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was investigated to analyze the anti-oxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from the Magnoliae Flos. Methods : The effects on electron donating ability (EDA), SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition have been investigated the anti-oxidant activity for utilization as a natural material of cosmetics. Results : This study was investigated to analyze the anti-oxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts from the Magnoliae Flos. In the electron donating ability test, water and ethanol extract from Magnoliae Flos showed an effect of 75.6% and 83.5% at 1,000 ppm concentration, respectively. In the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 1,000 ppm of water extract showed an effect of 45.2% and ethanol extract showed an effect of 64.2%. Xanthine oxidase showed a meaningful inhibitory effect of 68.8% in water extract and 23.2% at 1,000 ppm in ethanol extract. Conclusion : From these results, Magnoliae Flos showed the development possibility as a natural material of anti-oxidant cosmetics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

In the present study, we evaluated the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities exhibited by extracts obtained from the dried stems (and leaves) of Lespedeza bicolor We also assessed its potential irritation activities with regard to cosmetic use. When the DPPH radical scavenging activities of L. bicolor were assessed at six different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$), the concentration of L. bicolor required to inhibit DPPH radical formation by $50\%$ was found to be $164.90{\mu}g/ml$. The effects of L. bicolor on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase were determined at seven different concentrations. The $50\%$ effective concentration was found to be $282.75{\mu}g/ml$. In the skin irritation test, all animals survived for the duration of the study, and all exhibited normal gains in body weight. The control sites exhibited no response to the control procedures. No edema, erythema, or eschar formation was observed in any of the tested rabbits. In the ocular irritation study, all of the rabbit eyes remained normal. In summary, L. bicolor extracts were considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2001

The bark of Ulmus darvidiana var. japonica Nakai (UDN) has been used for a long time to cure inflammation in oriental medicine. In the present study, two types of extracts, Ulmus water-eluted fraction (UWF) and Ulmus ethanol-eluted fraction (UEF), were prepared from the UDN stem bark, and employed to test the extracts to see if they had anti-oxidative properties against hydroxyl radicals that could alter immune reactivity in mouse immune cells. Deoxyribose assay, DNA nicking assay, and glucose/glucose oxidase assay showed that both fractions had scavenging activity against oxygen free radicals at 50 mg/ml. In addition, hydroxyl radical-mediated apoptosis in mouse thymocytes was not protected by UEF treatment, but the apoptosis was protected by UWF at the same concentration. DNA synthesis and cytokine production that were induced in splenocytes by mitogens (Concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide) were reduced by the addition of both fractions. These results indicate that both extracts that were prepared from the UDN stem bark have anti-oxidative activities, anti-apoptotic effects, and inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis and cytokine production in mouse immune cell cultures.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2013

Genetic diversity and gene flow patterns in Pollicipes mitella were investigated with a nucleotide sequence analysis of 514 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) in 124 samples collected from six Korean populations. In total, 59 haplotypes were defined by 40 variable nucleotide sites in the COI region. The haplotypes had shallow haplotype genealogy and no geographic associations. All populations had high haplotype diversity (0.909 to 0.979) and low nucleotide diversity (0.0055 to 0.0098). The haplotypes with recently diverged nucleotides were distributed by long-range larvae dispersal among regional populations. The pairwise fixation indices ($F_{ST}$) estimated with the exact test and migration rates indicate that substantial gene flow has occurred among populations as a result of sea currents, except between the Uljin (East Sea coast) and other Korean populations. This suggests that significant genetic differentiation and low migration rates have affected the Uljin population.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.156-161
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• 2006

The essential oil of Nardostachys jatamansi (Valerianaceae), which has been used for a long time in aroma therapy, was investigated after inhalation or oral administration for its analgesic effect, anticonvulsant action, hypnotic effect and in vitro inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase. This fragrance oil showed a significant analgesic effect in the phenylquinone-induced .writhing test, suppressed the convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and lengthened the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in a time-dependent manner after fragrance inhalation or dose-independently by oral administration. Its inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase was remarkable, showing $49.4\%$ inhibition at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. Six new terpenes with seven known compounds were detected by our GC-MS analytical conditions used. As a result, the essential oil fragrance of Nardostachys jatamansi would be clinically useful for a sedative by either inhalation or oral administration.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.109-113
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• 2006

Objectives : In this study, anti-oxidant activity of Taraxacum platycarpum is confirmed to investigate cosmeceutical activity for utilization as a cosmetic ingredients. Methods : In the anti-oxidant and whitening effect experiment, the electron donating ability of Taraxacum platycarpum extracts, their SOD-like activity, and the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase were examined. Results : Radical-scavenging activity of water and ethanol extract was examined using ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$ (DPPH). Water and ethanol extract from Taraxacum platycarpum showed 62.9% and 54.7% at 500 ppm concentration in DPPH radical inhibition, respectively. In the test of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, water extract showed 63.4% at 1,000 ppm concentration, while ethanol extract showed 49% at 1,000 ppm concentration. In the test of xanthine oxidase inhibition, ethanol extract showed 66.8% at 1,000 ppm concentration. Tyrosinase inhibition effect related to whitening effect showed 36.3% and 54.2% in ethanol extract and water extract at 1,000 ppm concentration, respectively. Conclusion : According to these results, it is possible that the extract of Taraxacum platycarpum can be used as a new natural material of cosmetic industry.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 1992

This research was carried out to investigate antimutagent effect of peach enzymatic browning reaction products(PEBRP) obtained by reacting each of polyphenol compounds with oxidase extracted from Korea-cultivated peach. In methods, rec-assay with B. subtilis strains $H17(rec^+)\;and\;M45(rec^-)$, and Ames test with S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used. The spore rec-assay of PEBRP, pyrogallol, hydroxyhydroquinone, homocatechol and caffeic acid were not showed mutagenicity. In the effects of various metal ions$(Al^{3+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Pb^{2+},\;Zn^{2+})$ on the rec-assay, all PEBRP except caffeic acid was increased inhibition zone(5 mm) only with $Zn^{2+}$. In paticular, the Py-PEBRP was decreased the difference of inhibition zone of growth on MMC(mitomycin C). In results of Ames test, all PEBRP were not showed mutagenicity on S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100; however, Ca-PEBRP and Hca-PEBRP were suppressed mutagenic effects on Trp-P-1 and B(a)P in the presence of S-9Mix.