• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2008

This research was about T-N removal efficiency of oxic reactor in which fixed media submerged from Membrane BNR(An+Ax+Ox) process. This experiment was implemented by using fixed media and changing DO concentration in the oxic reactor. Nitrification efficiencies of all modes were more than 98%. When no media was in the oxic reactor, T-N removal efficiency was only 47.4%, while it were shown from 60.3% to 67.4% with packed media, which indicated improved efficiency of 27~42%. The removal efficiencies of TCOD and BOD were more than 89%, 98% respectively, which could satisfy the guideline of advanced sewage reclamation by Department of Environment. When DO concentration in the packed oxic-media tank was 0.5~1.0 mg/L, T-N removal efficiency was low, which resulted from insufficient nitrification in the oxic reactor. Therefore, DO concentration of bulk solution needs to be kept more than 1.0 mg/L to induce higher nitrification efficiency in the reactor in which media was submerged. Also, the selection of DO concentration is important to prevent media from being clogged.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2007

Based on the experiment results of laboratory scale modified anoxic-oxic process for leachate treatment, biological nitrogen removal program was verified in terms of SS, COD, and TN concentration. These measured water qualities concentration could be predicted by biological nitrogen removal program with $R^2$ of 0.994, 0.987, 0.990, respectively. No error was occurred between water qualities concentration and quite wide range of water qualities concentration (i.e., 50-4200 mg/L) during the modelling. Each unit and final effluent of simulated concentration was kept good relationship with that of measured concentration therefore this biological nitrogen removal program for sewage or wastewater treatment plants has good reliance.

• 멤브레인
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.70-83
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• 2005

폭기조를 간헐 폭기로 운전하여 호기/무산소(oxic/anoxic) 시간 비율과 무산소 조건에서 호기 조건으로의 전환시 공기세정이 투과플럭스 및 투과압력에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 호기조건에서 무산소 조건으로 전환 시 펌프의 회전력에 의한 흡인압력이 투과플럭스와 투과 압력에 주는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 긴 슬러지체류시간(SRT; Sludge Retention Time)과 고농도의 MLSS 유지시에 발생하는 미생물 대사산물이 분리막에 미치는 영향과 응집제를 투여하였을 때 분리막에 작용하는 플러스 효과에 대하여 조사하여 보았다. 호기/무산소(oxic/anoxic)의 시간비율에 따른 유기물 및 질소 제거효율을 조사해본 결과 폭기 40 비폭기 20분의 시간배분 조건에서 처리효율이 가장 양호하였으므로 호기/무산소(oxic/anoxic) 조건을 40/20분으로 한 조건(step-7)에서 약품주입 실험을 수행하였다. 액체 명반을 폭기조에 직접 투여할 경우 약품의 농도가 질산화 및 탈질 미생물에 많은 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었으며, MBR공정에서 인 1 mg/L를 제거하기 위해서는 약 0.7 mg/L의 액체명반이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2009

The advantage of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is to reduce requirement of oxygen as well as tank volume. The fludized media was used in the oxic (aerobic) tank of Membrane-BNR to enhance the efficiency of SND. Nowadays, the interest of applying membrane to the wastewater treatment plant has been increased, which is proved by a lot of research published about the MBR. The Membrane-BNR, consisted of total 5 reactors might be called the compact process by using the fludized media and having short HRT of 6.5 hr. It could attain the further removal of not only the organics but also nutrients such as T-N and T-P. The mode A and B were identified with or without the step feed of influent. The mode A was classified with 3 modes according to the different DO concentration in the fludized media aerobic reactor, and the mode B with step feed was operated with the optimum DO condition. The step-feed was capable of improving TN removal efficiency under the domestic wastewater with the low ratio C/N. On the other hand, the efficiency of SND with the 1.0~1.5 mg/L DO in the oxic media tank was better than the one with below 1.0 mg/L, on which the nitrification did not happen enough, and with above 3.5 mg/L, on which the reduction of anoxic area in the tank happened. It means that the profitable nitrification should be performed prior to the denitrification step. The removal efficiency of nitrogen by SND was about 20% among of total denitrified nitrogen. And some organic carbon consumed could be reduced by the endogeneous denitrification.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2010

Many plants have been improved to adapt the target of the biological treatment processes changed from organics to nutrients since the water quality criteria of effluent was reinforced and included T-N and T-P for the municipal wastewater treatment plant. To meet the criteria of T-N and T-P, the conventional biological reactor such as aeration tank in activated sludge system is changed to the BNR (biological nutrient removal) processes, which are typically divided into three units as anaerobic, anoxic and oxic tank. Therefore, the solid separation process should be redesigned to fit the BNR processes in case of the application of the DAF (dissolved air flotation) process as an alternatives because the solid-liquid separation characteristics of microbial flocs produced in the BNR processes are also different from that of activated sludge system as well. The results of this study revealed that the microbial floc of the anaerobic tank was the hardest to be separated among the three steps of the unit tanks for the BNR processes. On the contrary, the oxic tank was best for the removal efficiency of nutrients as well as suspended solid. In addition, the removal efficiency of nutrients was much improved under the chemical coagulation treatment though coagulation was not indispensable with a respect to the solid separation. On the other hand, in spited that the separation time for the microbial floc from the BNR processes were similar to the typical particles like clay flocs, over $2.32{\times}10^3$ ppm of air volume concentration was required to keep back the break-up of the bubble-floc agglomerates.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2000

A recycling reactor system operated under sequential anoxic and oxic conditions for the treatment of swine wastewater has been developed, in which piggery slurry is fermentatively and aerobically treated and then part of the effluent is recycled to the pigsty. This system significantly removes offensive smells (at both the pigsty and the treatment plant), BOD and others, and may be cost effective for small-scale farms. The most dominant heterotrophic were, in order, Alcaligenes faecalis, Brevundimonas diminuta and Streptococcus sp., while lactic acid bacteria were dominantly observed in the anoxic tank. We propose a novel monitoring system for a recycling piggery slurry treatment system through the use of neural networks. In this study, we tried to model the treatment process for each tank in the system (influent, fermentation, aeration, first sedimentation and fourth sedimentation tanks) based upon the population densities of the heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria. Principal component analysis(PCA) was first applied to identify a relationship between input and output. The input would be microbial densities and the treatment parameters, such as population densities of heterotrophic and lactic acid bacteria, suspended solids(SS), COD, NH$_4$(sup)+-N, ortho-phosphorus (o-P), and total-phosphorus (T-P). then multi-layer neural networks were employed to model the treatment process for each tank. PCA filtration of the input data as microbial densities was found to facilitate the modeling procedure for the system monitoring even with a relatively lower number of imput. Neural network independently trained for each treatment tank and their subsequent combined data analysis allowed a successful prediction of the treatment system for at least two days.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics and performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal system, Daewoo Nutrients Removal(DNR) system, and to find out the operating parameter for the system. During the study, $10m^3$ pilot plant was operated for the demonstration experiment and the primary effluent was taken from K domestic sewage treatment plant. The TN in the influent had been removed to approximately 70% through the nitrfication in the oxic tank and the denitrfication in the anoxic tank and the $PO_4-P$ and TP in the influent had been removed to 85% and 83% through anaerobic reaction and oxic reaction. The BOD and SS removal rate were 85 to 95% through the system. As the results, the values of effluent BOD, SS and slouble phosphorus were lower than A/O and $A^2/O$ processes. The SPRR (specific phosphorus release rate) at the anaerobic state of DNR system was ranged from 2.2 to 2.6mg SP/g VSS/h. The nutrient removal efficieny of the DNR system in view of the characteristics of the domestic sewage was higher than the pre-established A/O and $A^2/O$ processes. Finally, we believe that the DNR system was superior to the processes deveolped recently.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2006

Feasibility of simultaneous removal of organic materials and nitrogen in the wastewater from fisheries processing plant was evaluated using entrapped mixed microbial cell (EMMC) process. The experiment was performed using activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant which was immobilized with gel matrix by cellulose triacetate. It was found the stable operation at the treatment system which is composed of anoxic and oxic tank, was possible when the organic and nitrogen loading rates were increased stepwise. The organic and nitrogen loading rates were conducted from 0.65 to $1.72kgCOD/m^3/d$ and from 0.119 to $0.317kg\;T-N/m^3/d$ with four steps, respectively. The maximum nitrogen loading rate which could satisfy the regulated effluent standard of nitrogen concentration, was $0.3kg\;T-N/m^3/d$. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was decreased apparently as increasing nitrogen loading rates, whereas the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen was effective at the all tested nitrogen loading rates. Therefore, it was concluded that nitrification was efficient at the system. Nitrate was removed efficiently at the anoxic tank. whereas the nitrification efficiency at the oxic tank ranged 94.0% to 96.9% at the tested loading rates. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and those of total nitrogen at the entire system ranged from 94.2% to 96.6% and 73.4% to 83.4%, respectively.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2005

Step-feed process for biological nitrogen removal were analyzed numerically for the each unit and final total nitrogen(TN) effluent by water quality management(WQM) model and the results were compared data from these wastewater treatment plants. No bugs and logic error were occurred during simulation work. All of the simulation results tried to two times were obtained and both results were almost same as this model has become good reappearance. It was concluded that most of nitrogen removal occurred in the first oxic tank. Thus the controlling of the first anoxic tank may be more important in term of nitrogen removal. Also each unit of simulation result was kept good relationship with that of measured data. Accordingly this WQM model has good reliance. Finally, WQM model can predict final TN effluent within ${\pm}6.0mg/{\ell}$.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 2005

대표적인 질소제거 시스템인 무산소-산소공정을 대상으로 주어진 유입수 수질 조건에서 최대의 질소제거를 위한 최적의 슬러지 반송비를 질화/탈질 반응식을 이용하여 양론적으로 계산하였다. 양론적 계산에 고려된 수질 항목은 질화/탈질에 영향을 미치는 암모니아성 질소, 질산성질소, 알칼리도, COD, 용존산소로 설정하였다. 최대의 질소제거를 위한 최적의 슬러지 반송비를 앞의 5가지 유입수 항목으로 나타내었다. 양론적 계산에 의한 각 공정의 유출수와 최종 유출수 중의 TN농도가 실제 보고된 하 폐수 처리장의 TN농도와 잘 일치 하였다. 또한 양론적 계산에 의해 실제 처리장 최종 유출수 중의 TN농도를 ${\pm}5.0\;mg/L$ 내에서 예측 가능하였다.