• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate meal behavior and food preferences of children with different body types. This survey was conducted using a questionnaire for 274 boys and 257 girls in the 6th grade of elementary school in Anyang city. A questionnaire method was used. Food preferences of 14 food groups were tested with 5 likert scale points. Body types were divided with weight-length index(WLI) calculated by height and weight. The cut-off point for the underweight children was 90, and that of the overweight children was 100. The mean weight of the underweight children(26.2%) was 31.9$\pm$4.0kg, and that of the overweight children(26.9%) was 49.4$\pm$6.3kg. The average BMI of overweight children and underweight children was 21.0kg/$m^2$ and 15.5kg/$m^2$respectively. Perceived health status was different based on body types, and more of the overweight children answered they are healthy compared to the underweight children, Body types were not significantly different based on parent's education and occupation. Only 56.7% of the children ate breakfast at a regular time, 60% and 42.9% of the children had their lunch and dinner at regular time, respectively. Higher percentage of overweight children had irregular breakfast(20.1%) and skipped their breakfast and dinner compared to the other groups, however only dinner was statistically significant. The most frequently answered reasons for skipping meals were 'no time to eat'(50%) and 'bad side-dishes'(17.0%). Food preference was not different among the body type groups, however rice-cake was preferred in the underweight group, as well as milk and lettuce were preferred in overweight group. The preferences for milk and grain powdered drink(misitgaru) were same as or a carbonated soft drink. Focusing pubericant, it is necessary to have a regular breakfast. With regard to the importance of nutrition and health for children, the nutrition education for meal behavior and food preference to achieve a balanced diet should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical study is to investigate effectiveness of oriental medical treatment for sinusitis in the two overweight children. Methods : This study was performed for two 5-years old of age and overweight (BMI>90th percentile) children with sinusitis who visited the clinic. The symptoms of sinusitis are rhinorrhea, poor sleep due to nasal congestion, cough, sputum. Oriental herb medicines(Kami-Hyunggyeyungyotang and Kami-Cheonggeumganghwatang), moxibustion, nebulizer and aroma nasal spray were treated to two children. The progress of treatment for sinusitis was evaluated through the subjective symptoms and endoscope inspection. Results & Conclusions : After oriental medical treatment, the subjective symptoms and endoscope inspection were improved in all two children. Our results suggested that oriental medical treatment have effective to alleviate the symptoms of sinusitis in overweight children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1998

The main purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a weight control program for overweight elementary school children The results of our previous study in 1996 Identified overweight as one of several health problems among elementary school children in urban areas The research method utilized was a quasi experimental design using one group in a pre and post test comparison The sample consisted of 198 children from 3 elementary schools in Kyung-gi Province who were 20% over the ideal weight for their height Height and weight were measured and a BMI score was calculated at the beginning of the program and monthly thereafter. The program had three components: physical exercise, counseling of children, and health education of children, parents, and teachers. The program lasted from March, 1997 to November, 1997. The data were analyzed using an SAS PC statistical package. The results indicate that the overweight children in two elementary schools had statistically Significant changes in their BMI score after the program while those in one school id not. When the process notes were reviewed it was Identified that the school which showed little change averaged less physical exercise, and less parent and teacher participation in the program In conclusion, a school based weight control program is an effective way to manage and prevent obesity for overweight elementary school children It is suggested that a school wide exercise program may be better accepted by overweight children than a program specifically designed for overweight children only. One of the most important factors which determine the successful outcome of any health promotion project in school is the enthusiasm and cooperation of the principal and school health nurse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
• /
• no.40
• /
• pp.201-228
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediation effect of bullying on the associations between children's overweight and obesity problem and mental health problems. Data from a subsample of 2,306 adolescents, who participated in the "child-youth synthesize survey" was utilized. The measurement and structural models were estimated using structural equation modeling. Partial and full mediation models were compared, and X2 difference test was conducted between the two models. The study results show that children's overweight and obesity problem have a direct effect on mental health problems. In addition, bullying was found to mediate the association between children's overweight and obesity problem and mental health problems. The analytic results confirmed that the model fit for the full mediation model was better than the partial mediation model when examining the mediating effect of bullying on the relations between children's overweight and obesity problem and mental health problems. Efforts to prevent mental health problems may require interventions for children's with overweight and obesity problems as well as inventions for reducing bullying in general.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.216-225
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the associations between obesity and the children's Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and to further examine the relationships between NQ and mini dietary assessment (MDA) of their parents. Methods: The subjects were 355 children aged 3 to 5 years and their parents in Dongducheon. We collected parental-reported NQ questionnaires for children and MDA of parents. Anthropometric measurements, height, weight and BMI by BIA were measured in children. Overweight and obesity were determined according to age- and sex-specific BMI percentile from the 2007 Korean national growth chart. Statistical analyses consisted of the chi-squared test, ANOVA, partial correlations and logistic regression analysis adjustments for parents BMI. Results: Approximately 20.8% of preschool children were classified as overweight or obese. Underweight children showed a significantly higher score for balance than overweight children. The NQ of the children was $61.9{\pm}11.6$, and NQ scores and their parents' MDA did not exhibit any significant differences according to degree of obesity. After adjusting for parent's BMI, children's BMI was significantly correlated with balance and moderation among NQ factors. Parent's MDA showed significant correlation with their children's NQ, balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, practice and NQ grade, except for diversity of father. Additionally, NQ grade had a significantly increased (150.1%) odds ratio (OR) of being overweight (95% CI 1.008-2.234). Conclusions: These results show that NQ for children is influenced by their parents' MDA and BMI. Furthermore, our findings support the association between overweight prevention and improvement of NQ grade among preschool children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutrient intake, dietary habits, and body indices among preschool children. The study subjects were 166 kindergarten children, aged 4 to 6 years. A measurement of the weight, height, chest circumference, and head circumference of the children was conducted. The general home environment and factors related to the eating habits of children were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, outdoor playing time, television watching, family income, and parents education and occupations. Underweight, overweight were defined based on a value of less than 110 and more than 140 on the Rohrer Index, or less than 90 and more than 120 on the weight-length index (WLI). The average Rohrer and WLI for the preschool children were 14.3 $\pm$ 23.2% and 104 $\pm$ 13.5%. Using the WLI, 12.7% of the preschool children were underweight 62.6% were normal, and 24.7% were overweight or obese. On the Rohrer Index, 32.0% of the preschool children were underweight, 34.7% were normal, and 34.1% were overweight or obese. With regard to frequency of regularity of eating breakfast, 2.5% of preschool children skipped breakfast every morning. The risk of being overweight increased in preschool children who had faster eating times. The Rohrer and WLI were negatively related to faster eating times. The average daily energy intake was 1272 Kcal, which corresponded to 79.5% of the Korean RDA. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin B$_2$ were much lower than the Korean RDAs for each of those nutrients. Children whose mothers had occupations were at greater risk of decreased nutrient intake than those whose mothers were at home. The data presented in this study confirm that, in preschool children, undernutrition remains the nutritional problem of great concern in Korea, even though Koreans are starting to have worrisome rates of overweight. Therefore, during the early years of life, focus should remain on sustaining Proper growth and development.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of flat foot in the 1st grade primary school children in the Kang-Dong Gu, Seoul, Korea. Materials and Methods: We examined 1336 8 year old the first grade children (2672 feet) in primary school at 5 primary school for prevalence of flat foot and the associating factors in Kang-Dong Gu in April 2003. The group was examined with 2 mm-pannel in physical examination at erect position to put diagnosis of flat foot which showed no plantar arch. The height, weight, foot length and foot width were estimated in all children. We used obesity grading system of Korean Pediatric Association for overweight evaluation. Results: We enrolled 728 boys and 608 girls, and prevalences of each gender were 20.8% and 14.9%. The children who had flat foot were 243 and the prevalence of flat foot was 18.2%. The foot length ranges between 152 mm and 300 mm (mean value 183.6 mm, SD 10.6), and the foot width were between 50 mm and 107 mm (mean value 2.16 mm, SD 4.8). Of the 1336 children group, 1215 children (90.0%) were in range of normal weight, 72 children (5.4%) were in grade-1 overweight, 38 (2.8%) were in grade-2 overweigh and, 11 (0.8%) were in grade-3 overweight. The prevalence of flat foot of each overweight group were 16.3%, 34.7%, 39.5% and 45.5%. Overweight in children effected increased prevalence of flat foot. But there were no significant relationship with flat foot in other factors. Conclusion: Over all prevalence of flat foot of 8 year old children was 18.2% and most of patients were flexible flat foot. The prevalence of flat foot was influenced by overweight remarkably.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.930-942
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to investigate body image perceptions of women about themselves and their preschool children and also to investigate the relationship between these perceptions. Subjects were 545 women and their children (279 boys and 268 girls) residing in Daejeon city. $67.7\%$ of women were classified as normal group, $18.6\%$ as overweight group, and $13.8\%$ as underweight group by BMI. $68.5\%\;and\;78.7\%$ of their boys and girls, respectively, were classified as normal group, $22.4\%\;and\;16.4\%$ as overweight group, $9.1\%\;and\;4.9\%$ as underweight group by WLI. Women made relatively accurate judgments on their current body sizes and selected their body images as the most desirable one. But they preferred plumper figures for their children and failed to perceive their overweight children as overweight. While $74.7\%$ of women wished to be thinner, $81.1\%$ of them wished their children to be fatter. Women spending less then 100 thousand won and more than 500 thousand won as monthly food expenses and having only one child perceived their children's current body sizes the lowest and the highest, respectively. Women wished boys to be fatter than girls. Their current body sizes were correlated positively with the children's current body size (p < .01), and their healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures were correlated positively with children's current, healthiest, attractive, and 'wish' figures (p < .05- p < .01). Body size dissatisfaction (wish to be thinner) and BMI of women were correlated negatively with children's healthiest and attractive figures (p < .01). These findings suggest that in order to correct the women's body image misperceptions and to prevent childhood obesity, mother's perception about healthy body images for themselves and their children need to be included in nutrition education. Also, it is necessary to assist mothers to understand the relationship of body size and weight status with the risk of chronic disease which might appear later in their children's life. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $930\∼942$, 2005)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the association between the dietary behavior and weight status of preschool children and their mothers in Daejeon, Korea. Methods: A total of 301 mother-preschool children (aged 3~6 years) dyads were included in this study. The dietary behavior of children and their mothers was assessed using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) questionnaire for preschoolers and adults, respectively. The NQ questionnaires were completed by the mothers. The overweight/obesity status of children and their mothers was determined using data on height and body weight reported by the mothers. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between the dietary behavior and weight status of children and their mothers. Results: The mean NQ score was 58.9 ± 9.7 in children and 55.6 ± 9.2 in mothers. The NQ score was higher in boys than girls but did not vary by age. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 27.5% in children and 46.5% in mothers. The physical activity level of mothers and their NQ scores were positively associated with the NQ scores of the children. After adjustment for covariates, the mothers in the highest tertile of NQ scores showed a lower odds ratio (OR) for the unhealthy dietary behavior of children (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11~0.53, P < 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The obese mothers showed a higher OR for children's overweight/obesity (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.68~6.80, P = 0.001) compared to normal weight mothers. Conclusions: The dietary behavior and weight status of young children and their mothers were closely linked. Nutrition education programs targeting mothers are necessary for improving maternal and child nutrition. Specifically, these programs need to be tailored to the socioeconomic characteristics or weight status of mothers.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2015

Objectives : In children and adolescents, the prevalence of overweight has increased in the last 20 years. little research is available on the prevalence of obesity in children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of overweight among a clinical population of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). Methods : Retrospective chart review of children ages 3-18 years seen between 2012 and 2015 at a Konyang University hospital psychiatric clinic. Diagnostic, medical, and demographic information was extracted from the charts. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated from measures of height and weight recorded in the child's chart. The Center for Disease Control's BMI growth reference was used to determine an age and gender-specific BMI z-score for the children. Results : In our study, children with ASD compared to non ASD group had significantly higher BMI percentiles (p=0.032). The prevalence of overweight($BMI{\geq}85th$ to 95th percentiles) and obesity($BMI{\geq}95th$ percentiles) was 35% and 19% respectively in children with ASD and without ASD. Conclusions : Despite noted limitations, our data suggest that overweight and obesity in children with ASD are more prevalent than without ASD. Longitudinal and further study is needed to examine the factors associated with obesity in this population.