• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.231-238
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• 2003

The overstrength factor and the ductility factor are the two important factors that determines response modification factors used in current seismic codes. The objective of this paper is to obtain the overstrength and ductility factors of special concentric braced frames. For this purpose pushover analysis is performed with model structures until the maximum inter-story drift reaches 2.5% of story height. According to the analysis results, the overstrength factors increase as the height of structures decreases and the span length increases. Ductility factors for mid-story structures turns out to be higher than the other structures and span length does not contribute much to ductility factors.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.308-315
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• 2005

The capacity protection is normally related with slenderness effect of the columns, force transfer in connections between columns and adjacent elements, and shear design of columns. It is intends to prevent brittle failure of the structural components of bridges, so that the whole bridge system may show ductile behavior and failure during earthquake events. For bridge systems, this means it is necessary to assess the overstrength capacity of columns prior to proceeding with the design of foundation and superstructure. The objective of this paper is to develop a capacity design approach that applies an overstrength factor for determination of possible maximum shear force in the plastic hinge zone of reinforced concrete bridge columns. In order to estimate and determine overstrength factor, material strength was developed to investigate for actual material strength total 3,407 steel and 5,405 concrete by domestic product. Based on actual material strength, this paper was conducted on moment overstrength factors using moment-curvature analysis program. And also design recommendations for capacity design are presented to revise the annual report, KEERC 2002.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2006

성능보장설계는 교각이 완전한 소성회전성능을 발휘할 때까지 다른 구조요소들과 교각 자체가 취성파괴 되지 않도록 설계하여 교량 전체 시스템의 연성파괴를 보장하기 위한 것으로서, 현행 도로교설계기준에는 명시적으로 규정되어 있지 않으나 대부분의 외국 교량내진설계기준에 채택되어 있다. 성능보장설계에서는 철근콘크리트 교각의 휨 초과강도를 구하고 이를 변환한 전단력을 교각, 기초, 말뚝에 작용하는 횡하중 설계전단력으로 결정하여 교각의 전단설계, 기초설계, 말뚝설계를 수행하도록 규정한다. 이 때 교각의 최대 소성모멘트를 결정하는 방법은 설계기준별로 각기 다른데, 이는 각 국의 재료 시공환경이 다르기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 사용하는 철근의 인장강도 측정치 3,407개와 콘크리트 압축강도 측정치 5,405개의 분석을 통하여 재료 초과강도계수를 제안하였고, 이를 적용하여 휨 초과강도를 결정하는 방법을 제시하였으며, 1,500개의 교각단면에 대한 모멘트-곡률 해석을 수행한 후 통계분석을 통하여 우리나라 실정에 적합한 초과강도계수를 제안하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.621-636
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• 2013

Response modification factor is one of the seismic design parameters to consider nonlinear performance of building structures during strong earthquake, in conformity with the point that many seismic design codes led to reduce the loads. In the present paper it's tried to evaluate the response modification factors of dual moment resistant frame with buckling restrained braced (BRB). Since, the response modification factor depends on ductility and overstrength; the nonlinear static analysis, nonlinear dynamic analysis and linear dynamic analysis have been done on building models including multi-floors and different brace configurations (chevron V, invert V, diagonal and X bracing). The response modification factor for each of the BRBF dual systems has been determined separately, and the tentative value of 10.47 has been suggested for allowable stress design method. It is also included that the ductility, overstrength and response modification factors for all of the models were decreased when the height of the building was increased.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2007

Seismic design codes are developed mainly based on the observation of the behavior of structures in the high seismicity regions where structures may experience significant amount of inelastic deformations and major earthquakes may result in structural damages in a vast area. Therefore, seismic loads are reduced in current design codes for building structures using response modification factors which depend on the ductility capacity and overstrength of a structural system. However, structures in low seismicity regions, subjected to a minor earthquake, will behave almost elastically because of the larger overstrength of structures in low seismicity regions such as Korea. Structures in low seismicity regions may have longer periods since they are designed to smaller seismic loads and main target of design will be minor or moderate earthquakes occurring nearby. Ground accelerations recorded at stations near the epicenter may have somewhat different response spectra from those of distant station records. Therefore, it is necessary to verify if the seismic design methods based on high seismicity would he applicable to low seismicity regions. In this study, the adequacy of design spectra, period estimation and response modification factors are discussed for the seismic design in low seismicity regions. The response modification factors are verified based on the ductility and overstrength of building structures estimated from the farce-displacement relationship. For the same response modification factor, the ductility demand in low seismicity regions may be smaller than that of high seismicity regions because the overstrength of structures may be larger in low seismicity regions. The ductility demands in example structures designed to UBC97 for high, moderate and low seismicity regions were compared. Demands of plastic rotation in connections were much lower in low seismicity regions compared to those of high seismicity regions when the structures are designed with the same response modification factor. Therefore, in low seismicity regions, it would be not required to use connection details with large ductility capacity even for structures designed with a large response modification factor.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회논문집(II)
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• pp.433-438
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• 1998

Design lateral strength calculated by current seismic design code is prescribed to be much lower than the force level required for a structure to respond elastically during design level earthquake ground motion. Present procedures for calculating seismic design forces are based on the use of elastic spectra reduced by a strength reduction factor known as "response modification factor, R". This factor accounts for the inherent ductility, overstrength, redundancy, and damping of a structural system. This study considers ductility and overstrength of the wall-type structure for investigating R factor. This means that R factor is determined from the product of "ductility-based R factor($R_$\mu$$) and overstrength factor($R_s$). $R_$\mu$$ factor is calibrated to attain the targer ductility ratio (system ductility capacity) and produced in the from of $R_$\mu$$ spectra considering the influence of target ductility, natural period, and hysteretic model. On the other hand, $R_s$ is more difficult to quantify, since it depends on both material and system-dependent uncertain parameters. In this study Rs factor was determined from the result of push-over analysis.-over analysis.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2006

현행 약진지역의 내진설계기준은 주로 강진지역에서의 연구결과에 근거하고 있다. 하지만, 약진지역의 경우 지진하중보다는 중력하중이나 풍하중에 의해 구조설계가 지배되므로 구조물의 초과강도가 강진지역의 경우보다 증가하게 된다. 따라서 약진지역에 적합한 내진설계기준을 마련하기 위해서는 강진지역에 적용되는 반응수정계수를 약진지역에 그대로 적용할 수 있는지에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 건축구조물에 대한 소성해석을 통해 그 연성도와 초과강도를 산정하고 이에 근거하여 현행 반응수정계수의 적절성 여부를 검토하였다. 강진, 중진, 약진지역 등에서의 초과강도와 연성요구도를 비교하기 위하여 UBC-97에 근거하여 설계된 예제구조물을 선정하여 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 약진지역의 초과강도가 강진지역보다 크기 때문에 동일한 반응수정계수에 대한 약진지역의 연성요구도는 강진지역에서보다 적게 된다. 따라서 동일한 반응수정계수를 이용하여 설계된 약진지역 구조물의 경우 접합부에서의 소성회전각 요구량을 강진지역의 경우에 비하여 상대적으로 저감시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2014

In this paper, overstrength, ductility and response modification factors are calculated for frames braced with a different type of buckling restrained braces, called reduced yielding segment BRB (Buckling Restrained Brace) in which the length of its yielding part is reduced and placed in one end of the brace element in comparison with conventional BRBs. Forthermore, these factors are calculated for ordinary BRBF and the results are compared. In this regard incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method is used for studying 17 records of the most known earthquakes happened in the world. To do that, the considered buildings have different stories and two bracing configurations: diagonal and inverted V chevron, the most ordinary configurations of BRBFs. Static pushover analysis, nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis and linear dynamic analysis have been performed using OpenSees software. Considering the results, it can be seen that, overstrength, ductility and response modification factors of this type of BRBF(Buckling Restrained Braced Frame) is greater than those of conventional types and it shows better seismic performance and also eliminates some of conventional BRBF's disadvantages such as low post-yield stiffness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.215-236
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• 2014

The flexural behaviour of steel beams significantly affects the structural performance of the steel frame structures. In particular, the flexural overstrength (namely the ratio between the maximum bending moment and the plastic bending strength) that steel beams may experience is the key parameter affecting the seismic design of non-dissipative members in moment resisting frames. The aim of this study is to present a new formulation of flexural overstrength factor for steel beams by means of artificial neural network (NN). To achieve this purpose, a total of 141 experimental data samples from available literature have been collected in order to cover different cross-sectional typologies, namely I-H sections, rectangular and square hollow sections (RHS-SHS). Thus, two different data sets for I-H and RHS-SHS steel beams were formed. Nine critical prediction parameters were selected for the former while eight parameters were considered for the latter. These input variables used for the development of the prediction models are representative of the geometric properties of the sections, the mechanical properties of the material and the shear length of the steel beams. The prediction performance of the proposed NN model was also compared with the results obtained using an existing formulation derived from the gene expression modeling. The analysis of the results indicated that the proposed formulation provided a more reliable and accurate prediction capability of beam overstrength.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 1997

현행 내진설계 규준에서 사용하고 있는 반응수정계수는 설계지진하중과 유사한 지진발생시 구조물이 비선형 거동을 하도록 탄성응답에서 요구되는 밑면전단력 값을 낮추는 계수라 할 수 있다. 따라서 반응수정계수는 하중저감계수(force reduction factor)라고 할 수 있으며, 이러한 값들은 경험적으로 결정된 것이어서 예상지진에 대하여 구조설계자가 설계한 건물이 어느정도의 비선형 거동을 할지는 예측하기가 힘들다. 본 연구에서는 목표가 되는 연성비(target ductility ratio)에 따라 요구되는 밑면전단력의 값을 구하고 이를 규준에서 요구하는 값과 비교할 것이다. 만약 요구되는 값이 규준 값 보다 크다면 이는 구조물이 가지는 부가강도(overstrength)나 잉여력(redundancy)이 담당해야 한다. 모멘트연성골조 건물을 설계한 후 이를 push-over 해석에 의하여 부가강도를 찾아 보아 요구강도와 비교할 것이다.