• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2017

Overseas landscape practices have already benefited from the awareness of BIM while landscape-related organizations are encouraging its use and the number of landscape projects using BIM is increasing. However, since BIM has not yet been introduced in the domestic field, this study investigated and analyzed overseas landscape projects and discussed the positive effects and implementation of BIM. For this purpose, landscape projects were selected to show three effects of BIM: improvement of design work efficiency, building of a platform for cooperation, and performance of topography design. These three projects were analyzed across four aspects of implementation methods: landscape information, 3D modeling, interoperability, and visualization uses of BIM. First, in terms of landscape information, a variety of building information was constructed in the form of 3D libraries or 2D CAD format from detailed landscape elements to infrastructure. Second, for 3D modeling, a landscape space including simple terrain and trees was modeled with Revit while elaborate and complex terrain was modeled with Maya, a professional 3D modeling tool. One integrated model was produced by periodically exchanging, reviewing, and finally combining each model from interdisciplinary fields. Third, interoperability of data from different fields was achieved through the unification of file formats, conversion of differing formats, or compliance with information standards. Lastly, visualized 3D models helped coordination among project partners, approval of design, and promotion through public media. Reviewing of the case studies shows that BIM functions as a process to improve work efficiency and interdisciplinary collaboration, rather than simply as a design tool. It has also verified that landscape architects could play an important role in integrated projects using BIM. Just as the introduction of BIM into the architecture, engineering and construction industries saw great benefits and opportunities, BIM should also be introduced to landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.103-119
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• 2023

Since the Korean government has decided to apply the policy of BIM (Building Information Modeling) to the entire construction industry, it has experienced a positive trend in adoption and utilization. BIM can reduce workloads by building model objects into libraries that conform to standards and enable consistent quality, data integrity, and compatibility. In the domestic architecture, civil engineering, and the overseas landscape architecture sectors, many BIM library standardization studies have been conducted, and guidelines have been established based on them. Currently, basic research and attempts to introduce BIM are being made in Korean landscape architecture field, but the diffusion has been delayed due to difficulties in application. This can be addressed by enhancing the efficiency of BIM work using standardized libraries. Therefore, this study aims to provide a starting point for discussions and present a classification system for objects and attribute information that can be referred to when creating landscape libraries in practice. The standardization of landscape BIM library was explored from two directions: object classification and attribute information items. First, the Korean construction information classification system, product inventory classification system, landscape design and construction standards, and BIM object classification of the NLA (Norwegian Association of Landscape Architects) were referred to classify landscape objects. As a result, the objects were divided into 12 subcategories, including 'trees', 'shrubs', 'ground cover and others', 'outdoor installation', 'outdoor lighting facility', 'stairs and ramp', 'outdoor wall', 'outdoor structure', 'pavement', 'curb', 'irrigation', and 'drainage' under five major categories: 'landscape plant', 'landscape facility', 'landscape structure', 'landscape pavement', and 'irrigation and drainage'. Next, the attribute information for the objects was extracted and structured. To do this, the common attribute information items of the KBIMS (Korean BIM Standard) were included, and the object attribute information items that vary according to the type of objects were included by referring to the PDT (Product Data Template) of the LI (UK Landscape Institute). As a result, the common attributes included information on 'identification', 'distribution', 'classification', and 'manufacture and supply' information, while the object attributes included information on 'naming', 'specifications', 'installation or construction', 'performance', 'sustainability', and 'operations and maintenance'. The significance of this study lies in establishing the foundation for the introduction of landscape BIM through the standardization of library objects, which will enhance the efficiency of modeling tasks and improve the data consistency of BIM models across various disciplines in the construction industry.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.131-151
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• 2019

This paper is conducted to find out if the previous corporate internal reservation has a significant effect on current investment and dividend payments by using the dummy variables of each classified industry. The results of the research show that previous corporate internal reservation had a significant effect on current material investments in following fields - manufacturing industries, technical services, wholesale and retail industries, information services, construction and transportation industries - over two years. Especially, investments in tangible assets were more effective than those in development expenses. In human resource investment, previous corporate internal reservation had a significant effect on current human investments in fields of manufacturing, technical services, information services and transportation industries. Among them, investments in education training expense and welfare benefit expense were more effective than those in wages. In the dividend section, previous corporate internal reservation had a significant effect on current dividends in the fields of manufacturing, wholesale and retail, information services, transportation industries, and in other businesses. Among them, Expenditure on dividend amounts was found to be more effective than that on dividend ratio. This paper contributed to the field in a way of empirically demonstrating the effects of previous corporate internal reservation on current investments and dividends by using the method of industrial classification. On the other hand, it also has a limitation since collecting precise taxation data was practically difficult. Therefore, a further developed study is required to find out the standard which shows exactly how much the measured results of the regression analysis reflect the effects of the government policies. Moreover, it is considered necessary for the government to devise policies on vagueness and uncertainties in the domestic and overseas economic and business environments so that companies can conduct investment with confidence.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

In this paper, we have verified a low-voltage EM(elasto-magnetic) sensing technique for tensile force management of PSC(prestressed concrete) internal tendon in order to apply the technique to actual construction sites where stable power supply is difficult. From observation of past domestic and overseas PSC structural accident cases, it was found that PS tension is very important to maintain structural stability. In this paper, we have tried to measure the tensile force from a magnetic hysteresis curve through EM sensors according to voltage value by using relation between magnetostriction and stress of ferromagnetic material based on elastic-magnetic theory. For this purpose, EM sensor of double cylindrical coil type was fabricated and tensile force test equipment for PS tendon using hydraulic tensioning device was constructed. The experiment was conducted to confirm relationship between changes of permeability and tensile force from the measurement results of the maximum / minimum voltage amount. The change of magnetic hysteresis curve with magnitude of tensile force was also measured by reducing amount of voltage step by step. As a result, the slope of estimation equation in accordance with magnitude of magnetic field decreases with the voltage reduction. But it was confirmed a similar pattern of change of magnetic permeability for the magnetic hysteresis loop. So, in this study, it is considered that it is possible to manage the tensions of PSC internal tendon using EM sensing technique in low-voltage state.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2023

For highway concrete structures, the deterioration of the structure is accelerated due to the increase in the use of deicing materials, and sectional repair work is being frequently carried out to restore performance. However, after the repair work, re-damage such as cracks, delamination, and poor bond performance is exhibited in the repaired sectional area. In this study, overseas repair material requirements were first analyzed, and present domestic requirements were improved repair material performance through field surveys of common concrete structures, laboratory experiments, and test construction on a disused concrete bridge. In addition, performancebased quality requirements were presented so that all materials that meet the required performance can be applied, and different test methods for each material were unified into concrete test methods for consistent test results analysis. The considered performance requirements were compression strength, bending strength, and bond strength for structural properties, and length change rate, crack resistance, thermal expansion coefficient, and elasticity coefficient were for dimensional behavior. For resistance to chloride penetration resistance and freeze-thaw resistance were presented as durability. The proposed requirements for concrete repair materials are expected to contribute to the improvement of the quality of concrete sectional repair work in Korea.