DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Effects of BIM Adoption and Methods of Implementationin Landscape Architecture through an Analysis of Overseas Cases

해외사례 분석을 통한 조경분야에서의 BIM 도입효과 및 실행방법에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Bok-Young (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Yong-Hoon (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 김복영 (서울대학교 환경대학원 협동과정 조경학) ;
  • 손용훈 (서울대학교 환경대학원)
  • Received : 2016.11.24
  • Accepted : 2017.01.05
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

Overseas landscape practices have already benefited from the awareness of BIM while landscape-related organizations are encouraging its use and the number of landscape projects using BIM is increasing. However, since BIM has not yet been introduced in the domestic field, this study investigated and analyzed overseas landscape projects and discussed the positive effects and implementation of BIM. For this purpose, landscape projects were selected to show three effects of BIM: improvement of design work efficiency, building of a platform for cooperation, and performance of topography design. These three projects were analyzed across four aspects of implementation methods: landscape information, 3D modeling, interoperability, and visualization uses of BIM. First, in terms of landscape information, a variety of building information was constructed in the form of 3D libraries or 2D CAD format from detailed landscape elements to infrastructure. Second, for 3D modeling, a landscape space including simple terrain and trees was modeled with Revit while elaborate and complex terrain was modeled with Maya, a professional 3D modeling tool. One integrated model was produced by periodically exchanging, reviewing, and finally combining each model from interdisciplinary fields. Third, interoperability of data from different fields was achieved through the unification of file formats, conversion of differing formats, or compliance with information standards. Lastly, visualized 3D models helped coordination among project partners, approval of design, and promotion through public media. Reviewing of the case studies shows that BIM functions as a process to improve work efficiency and interdisciplinary collaboration, rather than simply as a design tool. It has also verified that landscape architects could play an important role in integrated projects using BIM. Just as the introduction of BIM into the architecture, engineering and construction industries saw great benefits and opportunities, BIM should also be introduced to landscape architecture.

현재 미국, 호주, 북유럽 등지의 해외 조경실무에서 BIM의 필요성에 대한 자각과 함께 전문적 연구가 수행되고 있으며, 관련 단체에서도 조직적 활동을 펼침으로써 BIM을 활용한 조경 프로젝트들이 증가하는 추세다. 그러나 아직 국내 조경분야에서는 BIM 도입이 이루어지지 않고 있으므로, 본 연구에서는 BIM을 활용한 조경 프로젝트 사례를 조사, 분석하여 BIM 도입에 따른 효과와 활용방법을 논하고자 했다. 이를 위해 세 가지 BIM 도입효과인 설계업무의 효율성 향상, 협업 환경의 마련, 지형설계의 형태 구현을 보여주는 조경 프로젝트들을 선정하고, 이들을 대상으로 조경정보 구축, 3D 모델링 제작, 상호운용성 확보, BIM 모델의 시각적 활용이라는 네 가지 측면에서 BIM의 활용방법을 살펴보았다. 첫째, 조경정보 구축의 측면에서 사례들을 살펴본 결과, 시설물과 수목 등 상세한 조경요소들로부터 기반시설 등 광범위한 건설정보들이 3D 라이브러리나 2D CAD 형식으로 구축되었다. 둘째, 3D 모델링 제작을 살펴보면 간단한 지형과 수목을 포함한 조경공간을 Revit으로 모델링하거나, 정교하고 복잡한 지형을 Maya와 같은 전문적 3D 모델링 도구로 모델링했다. 그리고 통합모델은 분야별 모델을 제작하여 주기적으로 교환, 검토하고, 최종적으로 이들을 통합하는 방식으로 제작되었다. 셋째, 분야간 데이터의 상호운용성은 파일 포맷의 단일화, 상이한 포맷의 변환, 또는 정보 표준의 준수를 통해 이루어졌고, 이를 토대로 건설정보를 공유하여 협업을 도모했다. 넷째, 3D 모델을 시각화함으로써 참여자들간의 의견조율, 설계안의 인허가, 대중 홍보가 이루어졌다. 사례분석을 통해 BIM은 디자인 도구라기보다 설계업무의 효율성을 높이고, 분야간 협업을 도모하는 프로세스임을 알 수 있었고, 특히 조경가들이 BIM을 활용한 통합 프로젝트에서 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있음을 확인했다. 따라서 그간 건설분야에서 BIM으로의 전환을 통해 많은 이익과 기회를 누렸듯이 조경분야에서도 적극적으로 BIM을 도입해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdirad, H. and K. Lin(2015) Advancing in object-based landscape information modeling: Challenges and future needs. Computing in Civil Engineering: pp. 548-555.
  2. Ahmad, A. M. and A. A. Aliyu(2012) The need for landscape information modelling(LIM) in landscape architecture. Proceedings of Digital Landscape Architecture Conference: 531-540.
  3. Arup(2013) London 2012: To the finish line and beyond. (http://publications.arup.com/publications/l/london_2012_to_the_finish_line_and_beyond).
  4. Barth, B.(2016, February) The limits of BIM. Landscape Architecture Magazine: pp. 118-125.
  5. Carmichael, L.(2012) Learning legacy: Lessons from master planning and designing London 2012. Olympic Delivery Authority. (http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/supporting-documents/learning-legacy.pdf).
  6. Eastman, C., P. Teicholz, R. Sacks and K. Liston(2014) BIM Handbook. 이강, 문현준, 권순옥, 이재민, 김준하, 이진국, 함성일, 강훈식, 최명석, 정지용, 정호중(역). 건축주, 건축가, 엔지니어 그리고 건설인을 위한 BIM 가이드. 서울: 시공문화사. 원서출판 2011.
  7. Flohr, T.(2011) A landscape architect's review of building information modelling technology. Landscape Journal 30(1): 169-170. https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.30.1.169
  8. Goldman, M.(2011) Landscape Information Modeling. (http://www.di.net/articles/archive/landscape_information_modeling).
  9. Khemlani, L.(2015) HOK's fifth annual BIM awards. (http://www.aecbytes.com/feature/2015/HOK_BIM_Awards.html).
  10. Kim, B. Y. and Y. H. Son(2014) The current status of BIM in the field of landscape architecture and the issues on the adoption of LIM. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 42(3): 50-63. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2014.42.3.050
  11. Landscape Institute(2016) BIM for landscape. Abingdon: Routledge.
  12. May, I., D. McCloud and M. Wan(2012) Learning legacy: Web-based spatial data viewer. Olympic Delivery Authority. (http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/systemsand-technology/312-web-based-spatial-data-viewer-s-t.pdf).
  13. McGraw-Hill Construction(2014) SmartMarket report: The business value of BIM for construction in major global markets. (http://damassets.autodesk.net/content/dam/autodesk/www/solutions/building-information-modeling/construction/business-value-of-bim-for-construction-in-global-markets.pdf).
  14. Petschek, P.(2014) Grading: Landscaping Smart 3D-Machine Control Systems Stormwater Management. Basel: Birkhauser.
  15. Roberts, H.(2012) Learning legacy: Engineering content management and collaboration system deployed by ODA delivery partner. Olympic Delivery Authority.(http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/systems-and-technology/354-engineering-content-mans-t.pdf).
  16. State Government Victoria(2009) Partnerships Victoria project summary: Victorian desalination project. (http://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/Pub-lications/Infrastructure-Delivery-publications/ Partnerships-Victoria/Victorian-Desalination-Project-summary).
  17. Timmis, S. and M. Wan(2012) Learning legacy: 3D model creation and its use on the Olympic Park. Olympic Delivery Authority. (http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/systemsand-technology/323-3d-model-creation-s-t.pdf)
  18. Turnbull, S.(2012) Learning legacy: Using an integrated CAD model for design coordination. Olympic Delivery Authority. (http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk/documents/pdfs/systemsand-technology/9-integrated-cad-s-t-amended.pdf).
  19. Wallis, J., and H. Rahmann(2016) Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies. Abingdon: Routledge.
  20. Wallis, J., and H. Rahmann(2014) Interdisciplinary intersections: New roles for digital technologies and landscape architecture in the design of large scale infrastructures. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design. 123-135.
  21. Yoon, M. C. and S. L. Koh(2011) Creating parametric atypical form on the BIM-base in the digital space: Focusing on the Voronoi diagram to definition of the parametric space. Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea 13(3): 79-86.
  22. http://www.aecbytes.com/feature/2015/HOK_BIM_Awards.html
  23. http://learninglegacy.independent.gov.uk
  24. http://www.arup.com/projects/london_2012_landscape_engineering _the_olympic_park
  25. http://www.depi.vic.gov.au
  26. http://aspect.net.au
  27. http://www.asla.org/contentdetail.aspx?id=47349
  28. https://www.landscapeinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/WhatisBIM.pdf
  29. http://landarchbim.com/2015/04/09/bim-in-practice-hok
  30. http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BS_1192
  31. http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/water/urban-water/desalination-project
  32. http://aspect.net.au
  33. http://www.landscapeinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/GENERALPRACTICENOTEONSOFTWAREFORBIMPROJECTS.pdf