• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.514-528
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 중국기업의 해외직접투자 특징을 Dunning의 OLI 패러다임 관점에서 파악하고자 하였다. 중국기업의 해외직접투자는 중국 정부의 정책과 중국경제의 내부적 요인 그리고 투자대상국의 경제 및 제도적 환경의 영향을 받으며 이루어졌다. 그리고 그 과정에서 나타난 중국기업의 해외직접투자 특징은 지역적으로 아시아지역에 편중된 가운데 선진국의 투자가 증가하고 있고, 업종별 투자에서는 3차 산업 업종의 투자 비중이 높은 가운데 2차 산업의 구조가 변화되는 양상을 띠고 있다. 이밖에 해외투자지역 선택에서는 우선 투자대상국의 경제적 요소와 정치적 요소를 고려한 후, 중국의 체제와 문화적 차이가 크지 않은 지역을 선택하여 점진적으로 확대해 나가는 특징을 나타내고 있다. 중국기업의 이러한 해외직접투자 특징은 기본적으로 Dunning의 OLI 패러다임에 부합하고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 다만 차이가 있다면, 중국기업의 해외직접투자는 기업의 장점을 이용한 해외 진출만이 아니라 단점을 보완하기 위한 진출도 많다는 점이다.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to investigate Korean distribution enterprises' entry into the Chinese market. By studying Korean companies' strategy and current situation in the Chinese retail market and analyzing Lotte Mart's strategy, this study was aimed at identifying comprehensive strategies for Korean companies striving to expand in China's retail market. Research design, data, and methodology - A case study approach is used, focusing on the three northeastern provinces in China, and examining global firms' entry into the Chinese market. The study employed a direct survey and a literature review. Results - Korean distribution firms' entry into the overseas market is in the inception stage and it should be developed, considering its effects on the national economy and other industries. Conclusion - The cases of E-mart and Lotte Mart, representing Korean distribution firms, showed that they should not rely on scale to succeed in China. Both preliminary analysis and careful strategies are required to ensure success. Considering the high growth potential of the Chinese market, a management strategy that takes account of Chinese people's emotions was needed.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2019

The after China's reform and opening up, the country has been facing the era of material abundance based on its economic power. The Chinese food industry has been growing along with economic growth, high quality, and diversified customer needs. Also, as Chinese people have strong attachment to food, many food franchise companies have been also growing rapidly. As the Chinese government encourages and supports the field of food franchises, so that the quality and quantity of the Chinese restaurant industry have been improved largely. Meanwhile with the support of the Korean government to enter the overseas market, the number of Korean franchise companies are increasing to operate their business in China. Under the influence of Chinese food industrial climate, Korean companies are also in search of global market advancement to China. However, the risks in China are unexpectable, which means that the recent move of China is literally showing rugby action, criticism of operating businesses in China has been climbed up and the domestic SMEs are seriously considering whether to stay or leave. This study investigates the environmental risks of Chinese enterprises, in which the food franchise companies could experience, to manage any risks from entering the Chinese market with uncertainty. Through SWOT analysis and cases, strategies to avoid the risks are suggested for Korean companies to enter the Chinese markets. Therefore, this study researches in the current status of Chinese and Korean restaurants, explores any risks in China in terms of exports to China and market advance, develops strategies to avoid those risks, and provides essential suggestions for entering into Chinese market.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2004

On 27 June 2004, some one million voters went to the polls in Mongolia to elect 76 members of the Great State Hural, Mongolia's parliament. It was the fourth election held in Mongolia under the 1992 constitution. In the previous election, the former communist MPRP won a landslide, ousting the government of former democracy activists. Under the MPRP, Mongolia's economy performed extraordinary well. Surprisingly, the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) lost its two-thirds majority and half its parliamentarians in the 2004 election. But the Motherland Democracy Coalition (MDC), a coalition of Mongolia's most influential opposition parties, fell short of achieving a majority of its own. After the election, a grand coalition government was formed, paving the way for profound legal, social, and economic reforms.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.553-577
• /
• 2008

Various export supporting systems of Korean government have affected Korean economy to be 13th in the world and over US$ seven hundred trillion in terms of the volume. Especially, export insurance system use to cover the commercial risks of Korean exporter. That is why Korean exporter have been able to do their best in exporting and expand overseas market actively. On the other hand, China who use to drive strong export expansion policy after joining WTO, have also very focused on export insurance system and developed its applicable items. From the point of view above, It is very meaningful study to compare the export insurance system between Korea and China. It is suggested that government funds for export insurance should be raised to give exporters more benefits. New kinds of export insurance items, also, should be developed to actively face international trade environment change.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2018

Purpose - Before the economic reforms, the Chinese communication industry was poorly developed. After China's entering to WTO, the Chinese market were gradually opened, domestic companies will be faced with more and more pressures of competition from the world rival countries. As time goes on, the overseas telecommunications companies will occupy the Chinese market with the opening of China Telecommunications market to outside. So this paper focuses on problems and development methods based on the research about the present situation and development methods of communication industry(communication manufacturing industry and communication manufacturing industry) in China. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the policies of China's entering to WTO. This paper observed previous researches and made an empirical research on Chinese communication industry based on the governmental policies, strategies, books and previous papers with several kinds of clear data announced formally by China authorities. Results - Most recently, reorganization of the communication industry has brought good opportunities for the development of the communication manufacturing enterprises. This paper analyze policy changes of Chinese communication industry, the status of communication manufacturing industry and communication service industry. Finally, this study for further research analyzes the existing problems and puts forward some practicable measures to solve them. Conclusions - Looking ahead, with China's rapid economic development and steady deepening of reform and opening-up, the Chinese communication industry is faced with an even broader prospect of development. Chinese communication industry will be become the pillar one in national economy after 10 years development. Foreign communication companies accelerated investment and progresses to Chinese information and communication markets. Positive ones are more foreign investment, export increase, domestic innovation, communication industry made steep growth. But negative ones are obstacles of domestic companies' development and jobless rate increase etc. Second communication manufacturing industry made good development, but computer and TV related industry made decline in growth. Third, market sizes of internet and mobile services are growing but the size of wired communication services is downsizing gradually. To overcome them, the studies of components or parts of communication manufacturing industry are needed individually. Second China Unicom, China Telecom, China Mobile etc. are Chinese representatives. The sales volumes are very similar at the beginning, but now they are different and make big differences. So the analysis about, their differences and its impact, are needed.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.145-165
• /
• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies and solutions for entering China in the tariff and non-tariff sectors of the cosmetic industry. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed the import tariff rate of cosmetics in China, and analyzed the export cost by actually interviewing the exporting companies to derive the economic effect of non-tariff measures. Findings - First, We proposed the use of the FTA business model (basic cosmetics), the use of Korea-China FTA tariffs (foam cleansing, toothpaste), and the use of APTA tariffs (perfume). Second, We proposed cooperation between the governments to facilitate customs clearance procedures and improvement of FTA awareness among corporate practitioners. Third, We proposed the expansion and support of the AEO MRA system and the expansion of Korea-China MOU conclusions regarding the certification system, and the international standardization of domestic licensing system and technical conditions. Fourth, We proposed the use of government-supported projects related to obtaining overseas certifications and overseas expansion through collaboration with the same industry. Research implications or Originality - HS3304 products excluded from the Korea-China FTA should take full advantage of the FTA business model. In addition, the non-tariff measure costs are fixed costs per year, so the ratio decreases as the number of exports and export volume increases.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.119-133
• /
• 2021

After 'Zhou Chuchu (走出去, Go global)' in the early 2000s, and with the 'One-to-One Road' initiative in 2012, China's Overseas Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has increased significantly, resulting in high academic interest. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of national risks of home country on China's OFDI by using data from 49 countries along the 'One-to-One Road' between 2007 and 2018, and to compare the factors of national risks that attract investment from the world. As a result of the study, market economy companies' perceptions of national risks are mostly negative, so risk acts as a deterrent to investment. On the other hand, national risks of home countries have had positive effects on China's OFDI, which would mean that Chinese investors, mostly state-owned enterprises have a high tendency to invest in regions or countries with high national risks. Other economic factors, such as the size of the investment partner country's market, GNI per capita, and trade openness, had a positive (+) effect, and natural resources had a negative (-) effect on China's OFDI. As dummy variables, FTA, which is an economic and diplomatic factor, SCO, which is a political and diplomatic factor, and bordering which is a geographical factor, were also found to have a positive (+) effect. This study implies the investment pattern of China's OFDI is due to the characteristics of China's unique geopolitical and economic system, and it is judged to be influenced by political and strategic factors, especially the aspects led by state-owned enterprises.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.39-60
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is exploring whether the characteristics and heterogeneity of the TMT play a moderating role in CSR and corporate value or not. Design/methodology/approach - The literature research method includes collecting, organizing, and analyzing the literature on the characteristics and heterogeneity of the TMT, the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and corporate value. We analyze the contributions and limitations in existing research, grasp the current research status, and develop the research content of this article. The empirical analysis method is based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2017. This allows us to study the moderating effect of the characteristics and heterogeneity of the TMT on CSR and corporate value. Findings - The TMT age, education degree, overseas background, and compensation have a positive moderating effect on CSR and corporate market value. The comprehensive heterogeneity of the TMT also has a positive effect on CSR and financial performance. Research implications or Originality - The research on the relationship between CSR and corporate value is still inconclusive. Some results have found a positive relationship, while others show a negative relationship. Studies exist that report mixed findings as well. This study has attempted to clarify this problem by adding potentially missing variables related on the TMT characteristics and heterogeneity, investigating causality effects.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.23-50
• /
• 2008

In a global economy where, private parties increasingly favour arbitration over litigation, many foreigners are unfortunately reluctant to arbitration with China's parties because the China national courts do not scrutinize the merits when deciding whether to recognize and enforce foreign awards. As a result, the finality of arbitral awards hangs in uncertainty. Overseas concern is that China's courts may abuse "Public Policy" grounds provided for in the New York Convention to set aside or refuse to enforce foreign awards. The purpose of this article is to examine the distrust to enforcement of arbitral awards whether that is just an assumption. In spite of the modernize and internationalize her international arbitration system and many reforms provided in the related law and rules, the most vexing leftover issues are caused of the lack of "rule of law" in China. This situation imply the risk of pervert 'Public Policy' as the ground for refusing enforcement of arbitral awards. Some cases reflect the fear. But it is unclear whether those cases caused from the lack of "rule of law" in China. Same uncertainty present between Hon Kong-China under th one country-two legal system after the return of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997. While China is striving to improve its enforcement mechanism in regard to the enforcement of arbitral awards, it can only be expect following the establishment of rule of law in the future.