• 생약학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2011

Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system involving defensive cytokines such as TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-${\alpha}$ and nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we try to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus Obliquus, IO) in murine macrophages. Raw 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages of mice were cultured with or without LPS/LPS + IFN-${\gamma}$ in the presence of IO aqueous extracts (IOE 0.2, 2, 20, 100 ${\mu}g$/mL) for 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively. Exposure of IOE caused the decrease of NO production and increase of TNF-${\alpha}$ production in dose-dependent manner in activated peritoneal macrophage in vitro. To further investigate anti-inflammatory effects of IO ex vivo, we orally administrated capsaicin (PC, 3 mg/kg/day) and IOE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days to C57BL/6 mice (7~9 weeks old, female), then observed the NO secretion and cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$) production of LPS/LPS + INF-${\gamma}$-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. IOE inhibits NO secretion in dose-dependent manner both ex vivo and in vitro and increases the production of TNF-${\alpha}$ in vitro. In addition, we found that IOE possessed suppressive effects of LPS-stimulated TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, as well as iNOS expressions in Raw 264.7 cells. These findings indicate that IOE suppress not only the LPS-induced NO overproduction of murine peritoneal macrophages, but also iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ overexpression of LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. Consequently, our results suggest that IO may have the anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of the inflammatory cytokines and mediators, and be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2000

지금까지의 Phanerochaete chrysosporium을 이용한 Lignin Peroxidase(LiP) 의 생산은 최적화 되지 못한 배양 조건으로 인해 매우 낮은 활성만을 얻을수 있었으며. 그 배양조건 또한 100% 산소의 주입을 요하는 일반적으로는 재현하기 어려운 조건이었다. 본 연구에서는 Phanerochaete chrysosporium PSBL-1 균줄르 이용, 다양한 배양조건의 변화를 통해 LiP의 과량생산과 그에 따른 isozyme 조성의 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 최종적으로 $Mn^{2+}$를 제거한 배지에 질소 원인 diammonium을 48mM 로 첨가하고, 안정제로서 veratryI alcohol을 2 mM로 첨가하여, sponge에 의한 고착배양을 실시한 결과 1,800 units/l의 LiP가 생산되었다. 이러한 활성의 증가는 기존에 보고된 PSBL-1 균주의 LiP 최대 생산량인 700units/l와 비교 , 약 2.57배의 생산량 증대를 나타낸다. 생산된 LiP isozyme 분석결과 $Mn^{2+}$(2.73 mM)와 diammonium(48 mM)을 첨가하였을 경우 H1 isozyme의 과량 생산이 확인되었다. 생산된 LiP(0.4 units)를 이용하여 각각의 아조계 염료(acid yellow 9, congo red, orange II; each 50$\mu$M)에 대한 탈생능을 확인한 결과, 2분 이내에 이들 염료에 대한 탈색이 이루어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 분해 산물이 축적되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2006

Angelicae Dahiricae Radix has been used for controlling inflammatory respiratory diseases in oriental medicine and their components, phellopterin, isoimperatorin and byakangelicol were reported to have various biological effects. In this study, we investigated whether phellopterin, isoimperatorin and byakangelicol affect adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-induced mucin secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled using $^3H$-glucosamine for 24 h and chased for 30 min in the presence of varying concentrations of each agent to assess the effects on $^3H$-mucin secretion. The results were as follows: 1) phellopterin significantly inhibited ATP-induced mucin secretion; 2) However, isoimperatorin and byakangelicol did not affect ATP-induced mucin secretion, significantly. This result suggests that phellopterin can regulate 'mucin secretion induced by ATP'-a phenomenon simulating mucus overproduction from inflamed airway epithelial cells-by directly acting on airway mucin-secreting cells. Therefore, phellopterin should further be investigated for the possible use as mucoregulators in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH), a rare inborn error of glyoxylate meta bolism causing overproduction of oxalate, is classified into three genetic subgroups: type 1-3 (PH1-PH3) caused by AGXT, GRHPR, and HOGA1 gene mutations, respectively. We performed a retrospective case series study of Korean pediatric patients with PH. Methods: In total, 11 unrelated pediatric patients were recruited and their phenotypes and genotypes were analyzed by a retrospective review of their medical records. Results: Mutational analyses revealed biallelic AGXT mutations (PH1) in nine patients and a single heterozygous GRHPR and HOGA1 mutation in one patient each. The c.33dupC was the most common AGXT mutation with an allelic frequency of 44%. The median age of onset was 3 months (range, 2 months-3 years), and eight patients with PH1 presented with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with two truncating mutations showed an earlier age of onset and more frequent retinal involvement than patients with one truncating mutation. Among eight PH1 patients presenting with ESRD, five patients were treated with intensive dialysis followed by liver transplantation (n=5) with/without subsequent kidney transplantation (n=3). Conclusion: Most patients presented with severe infantile forms of PH. Patients with two truncating mutations displayed more severe phenotypes than those of patients with one truncating mutation. Sequential liver and kidney transplantation was adopted for PH1 patients presenting with ESRD. A larger nation-wide multicenter study is needed to confirm the genotype-phenotype correlations and outcomes of organ transplantation.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.65-65
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts of leaves (LCLE) and branches (LCBE) from L. caerulea in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibitory effect of LCLE and LCBE against LPS-induced overproduction of NO, iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ was higher than LCFE. Furthermore, LCLE and LCBE significantly inhibited the overexpression of COX-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. LCLE and LCBE did not inhibited LPS-induced degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, but blocked the nuclear accumulation of p65. LCLE did not inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, while LCBE significantly attenuated phosphorylation level of p38. LCLE and LCBE increased HO-1 protein level and decrease of iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression by LCLE and LCBE was inhibited by HO-1 knockdown. The inhibition of p38 by SB203580 and ROS by NAC blocked HO-1 expression by LCLE and LCBE. LCLE and LCBE increased p38 phosphorylation and the inhibition of ROS by NAC blocked p38 phosphorylation LCLE and LCBE. LCLE and LCBE induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, but this was significantly reversed by the inhibition of p38 and ROS. In addition, LCLE and LCBE increased ATF3 expression and decrease of iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression by LCLE and LCBE was inhibited by ATF3 knockdown. Collectively, LCLE and LCBE inhibited LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation by blocking p65 nuclear accumulation, increased HO-1 expression by ROS/p38/Nrf2 activation, and increased ATF3 expression. Furthermore, LCBE inhibited LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2006

Lupus-like syndrome is characterized by multiple organ injuries including lungs and kidneys. Endotoxin induces a transiently intent systemic inflammatory response and indirectly transient acute lung injury in normal condition. However, whether endotoxin may trigger the persistent development of lung injury in chronic, inflammatory lupus-like syndrome compared with normal condition remains unclear. We examined the pulmonary vascular permeability and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$, which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of lupus-like tissue injury, 6 hand 72 h after i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) injection in pristane-primed chronic inflammation ICR mice characterized by a lupus-like syndrome. These results demonstrated that levels of serum IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were remarkably increased 6 h in LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with pristane-primed controls, while pulmonary vascular permeability and levels of serum and BAL TNF-${\alpha}$ were not. And levels of BAL TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly enhanced 72 h in LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with pristane-primed controls. Also, LPS significantly induced the increased in vitro production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-10 by lung cells obtained from LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with LPS-exposed normal mice. Our findings indicate that LPS may trigger persistent progression of lung injury through late overproduction of BAL TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-10 in lupuslike chronic inflammation syndrome compared with normal condition.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

농산물은 기상, 기후 등의 변화로 인해 공급이 불규칙하고, 공급량이 10% 하락하면 가격이 50% 상승하는 가격 탄력성이 매우 높다. 이러한 농산물 가격의 변동으로 인해 소상인의 경매를 통해 생산자에게 대금의 안전성을 보장하고 있다. 그러나, 과잉생산으로 가격이 폭락할 경우, 생산자에 대한 보호 조치는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 농산물에 대한 가격을 인공지능 알고리즘으로 예측하여 전자거래 시스템에 활용할 수 있는 비즈니스 모델을 설계하였다. 이를 위해, 학습 패턴 쌍으로 모델을 학습시키고, ARIMA, SARIMA, RNN, CNN을 적용하여 예측 모델을 설계하였다. 최종적으로, 농산물 예측가격 데이터를 단기예측과 중기예측으로 분류하여 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 2018년 데이터를 기반으로 실제 가격과 예측 가격이 91.08%의 정확도를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2019

The engineered Aspergillus oryzae has a high NADPH demand for xylose utilization and overproduction of target metabolites. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, E.C. 1.1.1.49) is one of two key enzymes in the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway, and is also the main enzyme involved in NADPH regeneration. The open reading frame and cDNA of the putative A. oryzae G6PDH (AoG6PDH) were obtained, followed by heterogeneous expression in Escherichia coli and purification as a his6-tagged protein. The purified protein was characterized to be in possession of G6PDH activity with a molecular mass of 118.0 kDa. The enzyme displayed maximal activity at pH 7.5 and the optimal temperature was $50^{\circ}C$. This enzyme also had a half-life of 33.3 min at $40^{\circ}C$. Kinetics assay showed that AoG6PDH was strictly dependent on $NADP^+$ ($K_m=6.3{\mu}M$, $k_{cat}=1000.0s^{-1}$, $k_{cat}/K_m=158.7s^{-1}{\cdot}{\mu}M^{-1}$) as cofactor. The $K_m$ and $k_{cat}/K_m$ values of glucose-6-phosphate were $109.7s^{-1}{\cdot}{\mu}M^{-1}$ and $9.1s^{-1}{\cdot}{\mu}M^{-1}$ respectively. Initial velocity and product inhibition analyses indicated the catalytic reaction followed a two-substrate, steady-state, ordered BiBi mechanism, where $NADP^+$ was the first substrate bound to the enzyme and NADPH was the second product released from the catalytic complex. The established kinetic model could be applied in further regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and NADPH regeneration of A. oryzae to improve its xylose utilization and yields of valued metabolites.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

Oxidative stress and overproduction of free radicals have been reported to be a major pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. Samultang has been known as a beneficial agent to treat liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. However, the anti-oxidant activities and neuro-protective effects of Samultang against oxidative stress still have not been evaluated yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-oxidant and protective effects of Samultang and its four herbal plants, Paeonia lactiflora (PL), Ligusticum striatum (LS), Rehmannia glutinosa (RG), and Angelica gigas (AG), in vitro system and in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The extracts of Samultang strongly increased the radical scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$), and nitric oxide (NO) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we investigated the protective effects of Samultang on cellular damage against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in SH-SY5Y cells. Treatment with Samultang alleviated the oxidative stress from $H_2O_2$ by increasing the cell viability and decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Based on these results, we further investigated the radical scavenging effects of PL, LS, RG, and AG. In our results, PL had the highest DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$, and NO radical scavenging activities. Thus, PL has a crucial role in Samultang, which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. The present research suggests that Samultang and PL have protective roles against oxidative stress from $H_2O_2$-induced neuronal cell death.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2019

Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, regarded as a major cause of extrinsic aging or photoaging characterized by wrinkle formation and skin dehydration, exerts adverse effects on skin by causing the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Agastache rugosa Kuntze, known as Korean mint, possesses a wide spectrum of biological properties including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-atherosclerosis. Previous studies have reported that A. rugosa protected human keratinocytes against UVB irradiation by restoring the anti-oxidant defense system. However, the anti-photoaging effect of A. rugosa extract (ARE) in animal models has not yet been evaluated. ARE was orally administered to hairless mice at doses of 100 or 250 mg/kg/day along with UVB exposure for 12 weeks. ARE histologically improved UVB-induced wrinkle formation, epidermal thickening, erythema, and hyperpigmentation. In addition, ARE recovered skin moisture by improving skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Along with this, ARE increased hyaluronic acid levels by upregulating HA synthase genes. ARE markedly increased the density of collagen and the amounts of hydroxypoline via two pathways. First, ARE significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases responsible for collagen degradation by inactivating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein 1 pathway. Second, ARE stimulated the transforming growth factor beta/Smad signaling, consequently raising the mRNA levels of collagen-related genes. In addition, ARE not only increased the mRNA expression of anti-oxidant enzymes but also decreased inflammatory cytokines by blocking the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B. Collectively, our findings suggest that A. rugosa may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for photoaging.