• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to use a 3D human body scanner to analyze the cross section of different body parts when a girdle is worn. Two types of girdles were selected as experimental garments: a standard type girdle (Garment A) and a high-waist type girdle (Garment B). Their sizes were 88 (S) and 94 (M). Ten female subjects in their twenties who wear girdles sizes 88 (S) and 94 (M) participated the experiment. Their bodies were scanned three times with the 3D human body scanner, before and after wearing experimental girdles. The data were collected by overlapping the cross sections of the 3D scanned body shape data. The space length was measured from the overlapped cross sections. The results show that human body silhouette are changed after wearing the compression type garments and the amount and place of the body change is different by style of garments. First, the waist girth shape became rounder. Second, there was a definite difference in space amount at abdomen girth between two types of girdle. The abdomen area was pushed toward the front after wearing the standard type girdle (A). The high-waist type girdle (B) pushed abdomen area toward the back. Third, there was clear difference at the hip area after wearing two types of girdle. The hip area pushed toward the front with the standard type girdle (A) and pushed toward the back with the high-waist type girdle (B).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1889-1899
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• 2010

This study examines the preparation and characterization of Kenaf/Starch bio-composites used as filler and a matrix. Kenaf was cultivated in Chung-ju in Korea, and the Kenaf/Starch bio-composites were prepared under various conditions of kenaf fiber length (1-5 centimeters); the content of Kenaf fiber was 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, and the number of composite layers (one-four). Depending on the formation conditions of Kenaf/Starch composites, the physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and the young modulus of the Kenaf/Starch composites were measured. In addition, we measured the SEM cross-section images in order to investigate the interfacial adhesion properties of fractured surfaces. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation of the Kenaf/Starch composites were highest in the molding conditions of a hot press at $120^{\circ}C$, 3000PSI of pressure, and for 30 minute periods. The result of measuring the physical properties of the composites manufactured by varying the content of Kenaf fiber when the content of Kenaf fiber was 30% as well the physical properties of the Kenaf/Starch composite was found desirable. It was found that the physical properties improved with more overlapped layers in the composites manufactured by varying the number of overlapped layers. Through the measuring of the SEM cross-section images, we found that the interfacial adhesion state between the filler and matrix of Kenaf/Starch composite greatly affects the physical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.886-897
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• 1999

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. But girls had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. To solve this problem it is necessary to classify girls' lower body Into several kinds of somatotypes and to develop dress form. The purposes of this study was to classify lower body types of middle-high school an provide the dress forms based on the analysis of their lower body types. The subjects for anthropometric measurement were 402 middle-high school girls of 13 to 15 year-old. The result of factor analysis indicated that 5 factors were extracted from anthropometric measurments through factor analysis and those factors comprise 71% of total variance. 4 clusters were categorized using 5 factor scores by cluster analysis 4 lower body dress forms for middle-high school girls were made of gypsum mould. By the analysis of more photograph three dimensional characteristics of somatotype and overlapped cross-section diagrams were analyzed.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

Monostatic/Bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images are two-dimensional radar cross section (RCS) distributions of a target. When there are many targets in a single radar beam, ISAR images are generated with targets overlapped, so it is difficult to perform the targets identification using the trained database. In addition, it is inefficient to perform target identification using only single monostatic and bistatic ISAR images separately because each method has its own advantages and weaknesses. Therefore, this paper analyzes multiple targets identification performances using monostatic/bistatic ISAR images and proposes a method of identification through fusion of two ISAR images. To identify multiple targets, we use image combination technique using trained single target images. Simulation results show effectiveness of proposed method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.907-927
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• 2014

Ultra-lightweight cement composite (ULCC) with a compressive strength of 60 MPa and density of $1450kg/m^3$ has been developed and used in the steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich structures. ULCC was adopted as the core material in the SCS sandwich composite beams to reduce the overall structural weight. Headed shear studs working in pairs with overlapped lengths were used to achieve composite action between the core material and steel face plates. Nine quasi-static tests on this type of SCS sandwich composite beams were carried out to evaluate their ultimate strength performances. Different parameters influencing the ultimate strength of the SCS sandwich composite beams were studied and discussed. Design equations were developed to predict the ultimate resistance of the cross section due to pure bending, pure shear and combined action between shear and moment. Effective stiffness of the sandwich composite beam section is also derived to predict the elastic deflection under service load. Finally, the design equations were validated by the test results.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.220-230
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• 2019

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has increased studies on observing the cross section by overlapping the clothing worn using 3D human body data. However, there is a lack of studies on the effect of pressure clothing that contracts the shape of the human body. Therefore, this study objectively evaluated the shaping functionality of body shapers using 3D scan and 3D data. Two types of commercial body shapers were selected for this study. The nude body and body wearing body shapers were then scanned. A 3D program evaluated the shaping functionality by overlapping the nude state with the body wearing body shaper A and B respectively. As a result, it was found that the effect of body shapers could be adequately observed according to body parts. The smaller body shaper was shown to have superior shaping capability with the abdomen more affected. Analysis of the horizontal cross section indicated that the waist circumference decreased by 6 cm when wearing body shaper A and decreased by 12cm when wearing body shaper B. The volume of the waist part decreased by 8.6% when wearing body shaper A and by 20.4% when wearing body shaper B. Therefore, it is more effective to compare the objective shaping functionality by body parts using the overlapped 3D scanned data rather than using exterior evaluation or length measurement when wearing clothing that contracts the body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.335-342
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• 1999

This study is aimed at providing useful data which can be utilized for the design of their dress forms and enhancing the fitness of their apparels. To this end 330 pre-school children living in the capital area and aged from 4 to 6 were sampled to be subject to the measurement of their somatotypes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1 By the analysis of overlapped cross section diagram and silhouette diagram of each somatotype both had a common shape of lean-backed upper troso. 2. The type 1 showed less dimensions in most scales than type 2 while their shoulder were less developed. The type 2 showing more development in each element. 3. As a result of comparing the dress forms designed in reference with classified somatotypes and the commercial ones it was found that the former ones had the upper body part slanted slightly backwards and the belly part extruded forwards while the latter had a straight posture with large shoulder parts. After all the commercial dress forms were found not to reflect the actual somatotypes of Pre-School children's.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

The use of spliced reinforcing bars in sustainable concrete members to manage inadequate bars length is a common practical issue which is may be due to some limitations. The lap splicing means two bars overlapped in parallel with specified length called the splice length in order to provide the required bond between the two bars. The bond between sustainable concrete and spliced steel bars is another important issue. The normal strength sustainable concrete specimens of sizes 1700×150×150 mm with tension reinforcement lap spliced were selected according to testing device length limitations. These members were designed to fail in flexure in order to investigate the lap spliced tension bars effect. The selected lap spliced tension bars were of 10 mm size with smooth and deformed surfaces in order to investigate the surface nature accompanied with the splice nature. The sustainable concrete mechanical properties and mix workability were also studied. This study reveals that the effect of number of spliced bars on the response of beams reinforced with smooth bars is found to be more obvious than deformed one. Finite element modeling in three dimensions was carried out for the tested beams using ABAQUS software. A parametric study is carried out using finite elements on considering the following parameters, concrete compressive strength, load type and opening in cross section (hollow section) for weight reduction purposes.The laboratory and numerical results show good agreements in terms of ultimate load and deflection with an average difference of 10% and 15% in ultimate load and deflection respectively.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.247-255
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• 2022

In this paper, a bending test was conducted on beams with two lap splice details when the effective depth of tensile high strength headed bars overlapped is the same and different. Through bending test, the lap splice performance of the high-strength headed bars was evaluated, and the applicability of the KDS-2021 design formula was evaluated. In the LS specimens with lap splice details where the high strength bars had the same effective depth, all specimens with 1.3 times or more of the development length of the KDS-2021 equation and 1 times or more of the ACI318-19 had the flexural failure mode after the ductile behavior to ensure sufficient lap splice performance. For specimens with details of lap joints between headed bars with different effective depth, when lap splice length is calculated by the KDS-2021 formula, the flexural stress may be transmitted so that the flexural strength at the cross section with the large effective depth and the cross section with the small effective depth becomes similar.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) uses strong magnetic field to image the cross-section of human body and has excellent image quality with no risk of radiation exposure. Because of above-mentioned advantages, MRI has been widely used in clinical fields. However, the noise generated in MRI degrades the quality of medical images and has a negative effect on quick and accurate diagnosis. In particular, examining a object with a detailed structure such as brain, image quality degradation becomes a problem for diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, we acquired T2 weighted 3D data of multiple sclerosis disease using BrainWeb simulation program, and used quantitative evaluation factors to find appropriate slice thickness among 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm. Coefficient of variation and contrast to noise ratio were calculated to evaluate the noise level, and root mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio were used to evaluate the similarity with the reference image. As a result, the noise level decreased as the slice thickness increased, while the similarity decreased after 5 mm. In conclusion, as the slice thickness increases, the noise is reduced and the image quality is improved. However, since the edge signal is lost due to overlapped signal, it is considered that selecting appropriate slice thickness is necessary.