• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2021

Currently, the process of constructing a high-definition road map has a high proportion of manual labor, so there are limitations in construction time and cost. Research to automate map production with high-definition road maps using artificial intelligence is being actively conducted, but since the construction of training data for the map construction is also done manually, there is a need to automatically build training data. Therefore, in this study, after converting to images using point clouds acquired by a mobile mapping system, the road marking areas were extracted through image reclassification and overlap analysis using thresholds. Then, a methodology was proposed to automatically construct training data for deep learning data for the high-definition road map through the classification of the polygon types in the extracted regions. As a result of training 2,764 lane data constructed through the proposed methodology on a deep learning-based PointNet model, the training accuracy was 99.977%, and as a result of predicting the lanes of three color types using the trained model, the accuracy was 99.566%. Therefore, it was found that the methodology proposed in this study can efficiently produce training data for high-definition road maps, and it is believed that the map production process of road markings can also be automated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.4 s.75
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• pp.135-146
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• 2004

For improving the effectiveness of travel information, some rational paths are needed to provide them to users driving in real road network. To meet it, k-shortest path algorithms have been used in general. Although the k-shortest path algorithm can provide several alternative paths, it has inherent limit of heavy overlapping among derived paths, which nay lead to incorrect travel information to the users. In case of considering the network consisting of several turn prohibitions popularly adopted in real world network, it makes difficult for the traditional network optimization technique to deal with. Banned and penalized turns are not described appropriately for in the standard node/link method of network definition with intersections represented by nodes only. Such problem could be solved by expansion technique adding extra links and nodes to the network for describing turn penalties, but this method could not apply to large networks as well as dynamic case due to its overwhelming additional works. This paper proposes a link-based shortest path algorithm for the travel information in real road network where exists turn prohibitions. It enables to provide efficient alternative paths under consideration of overlaps among paths. The algorithm builds each path based on the degree of overlapping between each path and stops building new path when the degree of overlapping ratio exceeds its criterion. Because proposed algorithm builds the shortest path based on the link-end cost instead or node cost and constructs path between origin and destination by link connection, the network expansion does not require. Thus it is possible to save the time or network modification and of computer running. Some numerical examples are used for test of the model proposed in the paper.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2013

In this paper, an accuracy analysis of parallel method based on non-overlapping domain decomposition method is carried out. In this approach, proposed by Tak et al.(2013), the decomposed subdomains do not overlap each other and the connection between adjacent subdomains is determined via simple connective finite element named interfacial element. This approach has two main advantages. The first is that a direct method such as gauss elimination is available even in a singular problem because the singular stiffness matrix from floating domain can be converted to invertible matrix by assembling the interfacial element. The second is that computational time and storage can be reduced in comparison with the traditional finite element tearing and interconnect(FETI) method. The accuracy of analysis using proposed method, on the other hand, is inclined to decrease at cross points on which more than three subdomains are interconnected. Thus, in this paper, an accuracy analysis for a novel non-overlapping domain decomposition method with a variety of subdomain numbers which are interconnected at cross point is carried out. The cause of accuracy degradation is also analyze and establishment of countermeasure is discussed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2022

The record is both an palmistry and a fingerprint for human life and world of knowledge. Books, which are synonymous with records, are a channel through which history is traced and a window to savor. And the most primitive form of the book is the classics of ancient Greece and Rome, and the best part is the manuscript. It refers to the original recorded on papyrus, parchment, paper, etc. and the translated and translated copies of them. If we reflect on the long history of knowledge and culture, the classic manuscripts have continued to scatter and collect like a river flowing through time and space due to not only natural disasters, but also artificial cultural vandalism and the bibliocaust. Therefore, this study traced and linked the wandering and library return of classic manuscripts from ancient Greece to the medieval Renaissance period. As a result, dynasties and empires, monarchs and prime ministers, generals and conquerors, nobles and wealthy, clergy and scholars concentrated on collecting and translating classical manuscripts. If the ancient Greek and Roman scholars did not record knowledge and wisdom in papyrus and parchment, the medieval Byzantine and Islamic Empires did not collect, translate and reproduce classics, the book hunters didn't keep track of the classics, the Renaissance humanists did not restore and reinterpret the classics through intellectual exodus, and the historical library did not collect and preserve the classics and their translations, modern people would not have access to classical knowledge. Nevertheless, the tracing of classical manuscripts is an aporia in which many difficulties and contradictions overlap in the tracing of classic manuscripts due to historical flow, geographical wandering, and linguistic transformation. When a new manuscript is discovered and interpreted, correction and supplementation are inevitable, so the pursuit of the wandering and return of the classic manuscripts through follow-up research must be continued.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.419-432
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a hospice intervention program and present basic study data using a method of Meta analysis. Fifteen theses from 2002 to 2017 were collected from the on-line database at Korean Education and Research Information Service and other journals related hospice. Main keywords were 'hospice' and intervention'. The selected 15 theses were analyzed with publication bias, outcome of effect size, non-overlap percentage(U3), 95% confidence intervals and homogeneity. The result of the study is summarized as follows; Publication bias was stable and the effect size of hospice program was significant at. 99. The effective and significant regulation effects were publication years with 2003 to 2007(ES=1.24), publication types with journals(ES=1.33), majors with nursing sciences(ES=1.02), ages with 29 to 30(ES=1.09), later session(ES=1.06) and aroma(ES=1.12). Accordingly, this thesis has its meaning in that it used a Meta-analysis to analyze domestic theses of hospice intervention programs for the first time in Korea. This thesis will prodide specific guidance to researchers trying to develop and utilize hospice intervention programs resulting in helpful usages in professional hospice institutions with implementations of programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2017

In this paper, an algorithm for object counting via a conveyor system using machine vision is suggested. Object counting systems using image processing have been applied in a variety of industries for such purposes as measuring floating populations and traffic volume, etc. The methods of object counting mainly used involve template matching and machine learning for detecting and tracking. However, operational time for these methods should be short for detecting objects on quickly moving conveyor belts. To provide this characteristic, this algorithm for image processing is a region-based method. In this experiment, we counted young abalone shells that are similar in shape, size and color. We applied a characteristic conveyor system that operated in one direction. It obtained information on objects in the region of interest by comparing a second frame that continuously changed according to the information obtained with reference to objects in the first region. Objects were counted if the information between the first and second images matched. This count was exact when young shells were evenly spaced without overlap and missed objects were calculated using size information when objects moved without extra space. The proposed algorithm can be applied for various object counting controls on conveyor systems.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.56-63
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• 2012

The WBAN technology means a short distance wireless network which provides each device interactive communication by connecting devices inside and outside of body. Standardization on the physical layer, data link layer, network layer and application layer is in progress by IEEE 802.15.6 TG BAN. Wireless body area network is usually configured in energy efficient using sensor and zigbee device due to the power limitation and the characteristics of human body. Wireless sensor network consist of sensor field and sink node. Sensor field are composed a lot of sensor node and sink node collect sensing data. Wireless sensor network has capacity of the self constitution by protocol where placed in large area without fixed position. Mobile sink node distribute energy consumption therefore network life time was increased than fixed sink node. The energy efficient is important matter in wireless body area network because energy resource was limited on sensor node. In this paper we proposed cluster topology algorithm for efficient data transmission in wireless body area network based mobile sink. The proposed algorithm show good performance under the advantage of grid routing protocol and TDMA scheduling that minimized overlap area on cluster and reduced amount of data on cluster header in error prone wireless sensor network based on mobile sink.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.279-286
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• 2021

Recently, We are carrying out a policy of physical distancing of at least 1m from each other to prevent the spreading of COVID-19 disease in public places. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring distances between people in real time and an automation system that recognizes objects that are within 1 meter of each other from stereo images acquired by drones or CCTVs according to the estimated distance. A problem with existing methods used to estimate distances between multiple objects is that they do not obtain three-dimensional information of objects using only one CCTV. his is because three-dimensional information is necessary to measure distances between people when they are right next to each other or overlap in two dimensional image. Furthermore, they use only the Bounding Box information to obtain the exact coordinates of human existence. Therefore, in this paper, to obtain the exact two-dimensional coordinate value in which a person exists, we extract a person's key point to detect the location, convert it to a three-dimensional coordinate value using Stereo Vision and Camera Calibration, and estimate the Euclidean distance between people. As a result of performing an experiment for estimating the accuracy of 3D coordinates and the distance between objects (persons), the average error within 0.098m was shown in the estimation of the distance between multiple people within 1m.

• Survey Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-144
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• 2011

The purposes of the present study were (1) to identify the latent classes depending on youth employees' trajectories in job satisfaction and turnover intention and (2) to test the effects of person-job fit(major fit, education level fit, skill level fit) on job satisfaction and turnover intention using Youth Panel 2001. In order to estimate latent classes of job satisfaction and turnover intention changes simultaneously and study probabilities linking latent class membership in trajectory across the two variables, we applied dual trajectory model, an extension of semi-parametric group-based approach, Results showed that four latent classes were identified for job satisfaction, which were defined, based on the trajectory patterns, as increasing group, decreasing group, medium-level group, and high-level group. And, three latent classes estimated for turnover intention were defined as low-level group, maintaining group, and rapidly decreasing group. To test the effects of person-job fit variables, we added the variables as time-dependant variables to the unconditional latent class model. The effect of education level fit and skill level fit were found significant in the groups which are low in job satisfaction and have high in turnover intention. Findings from this study suggest the need to consider trajectory heterogeneity in the study of youth employees' job satisfaction and turnover intention to capture the dynamic dimension of overlap between the two constructs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.811-821
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• 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces mycolic acids which are relevant for persistence, recalcitrance to antibiotics and defiance to host immunity. c-di-GMP is a second messenger involved in transition from planktonic cells to biofilms, whose levels are controlled by diguanylate cyclases (DGC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE). The transcriptional regulator dosR, is involved in response to low oxygen, a condition likely happening to a subset of cells within biofilms. Here, we found that in M. bovis BCG, expression of both BCG1416c and BCG1419c genes, which code for a DGC and a PDE, respectively, decreased in both stationary phase and during biofilm production. The kasA, kasB, and fas genes, which are involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis, were induced in biofilm cultures, as was dosR, therefore suggesting an inverse correlation in their expression compared with that of genes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism. The relative abundance within trehalose dimycolate (TDM) of α-mycolates decreased during biofilm maturation, with methoxy mycolates increasing over time, and keto species remaining practically stable. Moreover, addition of synthetic c-di-GMP to mid-log phase BCG cultures reduced methoxy mycolates, increased keto species and practically did not affect α-mycolates, showing a differential effect of c-di-GMP on keto- and methoxy-mycolic acid metabolism.