• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.786-796
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• 2008

본 연구는 초등학생의 영양소 섭취상태, 식습관, 학업스트레스 및 이들 요인과 학업성취도와의 관계를 분석해보고자 경기도 부천 소재 초등학교 5학년 학생 224명을 대상으로 2007년 7월에 실시하였다. 본 연구대상 학생은 정상범위의 신장과 체중 및 신체충실지수를 나타내고 있었으나 남학생에 비해 여학생에서 마른 학생의 비율이, 여학생에 비해 남학생의 비만율이 더높았다. 영양소 섭취상태는 대부분 권장량 수준으로 섭취하고 있었으며, 단백질, 비타민 A, 비타민 B1는 120% 이상 섭취하고 있었다. 그러나 칼슘 (61%)과 엽산 (66%)은 부족하게 섭취하고 있었으며, 식이섬유소와 칼륨, 엽산의 섭취량은 여학생이 남학생보다 많았다 (p < 0.05). 탄수화물：단백질：지방의 섭취비율과 n-3계열과 n-6계열 지방산 모두 적정량을 섭취하고 있었다. 식습관은 전반적으로 양호하였으으나 남학생이 여학생에 비해 불량한 편이었으며 학업스트레스는 남녀 모두 총 점수의 40% 정도로 스트레스를 적게 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학업성취도는 영양소 섭취상태 (에너지, 단백질, 인, 칼륨, 아연, n-6계열 지방산, 다중불포화지방산)가 좋을수록 (p < 0.05), 식습관점수가 높을수록 좋았다 (p < 0.05). 반면, 외식 빈도수가 적을수록 학업성취도가 높은 경향을 보였다. 학업스트레스는 학업성취도가 높을수록 적게 받고 있었다 (p < 0.01). 본 연구 결과, 학업성취도가 높은 사람일수록 영양소 섭취상태와 식습관이 좋았으며 학업스트레스를 적게 받고 있었다. 따라서 영양교사와 학부모 및 담임교사들은 아동에게 체계적인 영양교육을 실시함으로서 아동의 영양 상태증진 및 올바른 식습관 정립을 통하여 학업성취도 향상에도 일부 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.930-931
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• 2011

As the upsurge in oil prices and global warming, Energy saving is needed to overall industry. If The head of Intake gate screen is high. The pumping process involves a loss of energy and results in high emissions of greenhouse gases. Therefore, blockages in intake gate should be free. Another advantage of cleaning is stabilizing pumping system. Because vibration and cavitation decreases when loss of head is low.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

In the study, it is considered sporty car as 1400cc entry cars using sound generator. These cars are required special sound quality, also sporty sound quality. The operational principle of this sound generator system is that on the operation of the engine intake valves caused pulsating is to shake the membrane of the sound generator on the inside of the driver front dash panel through the intake manifold, which will deliver the required sound quality and tone. For the component constructed sound generator, main design parameters are selected and optimized using the daguchi's method. The results are as follows; The C2 sound level must be minimized and C4 level must be maximized. And also overall level keeps linear characteristics.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1982

The use pattern and survey data on the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in Korea were summarized. On the basis of available data on food consumption and residue levels, the daily intake of the pesticide chemicals by average Korean adults were calculated to give $13.77\;{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $2.45\;{\mu}g$ of total DDT and $4.06\;{\mu}g$ of heptachlor and its epoxide. These intake levels were compared with the acceptable daily intake proposed by FAO/WHO and values obtained in other countries. It was then proposed to undertake a total diet study on pesticide chemicals for the sake of food safety assurrance and reasonable regulation of pesticides for food production in this country.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.48-55
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• 1977

A communal feeding program has been managed mostly by the Sae Ma Eul Women's club of agricultural cooperatives during busy days of farming in rural Korea and spreading rapidly throughout the country since a couple of years ago. Four communal feeding villages from 3 provinces in Korea were purposively selected. The food and nutrient intake of 524 participants were measured by the Precise-Weighing method for 3 days from October $7{\sim}16$ 1976. Total amount of food consumed per participant per two meal day was 1456 grams, greater than national average. Two meals that the communal feeding program provided to farmers under the intensive work of harvesting were supplying enough calories and all other nutrients except the riboflavin. There was a variation among CF villages but overall the nutrient intake was good and had balanced meals. This investigation is a part of the study on nutrition supported by a grant from USAID.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2019

A comparative evaluation of engine cleanliness was performed on the transport gasoline blended with bio- alcohols, and this study was considered to achieve the aim of greenhouse gas reduction in Korea. In particular, the fuel blended with bio-ethanol and bio-butanol showed the best engine cleaning performance both on combustion chamber deposits and intake valve deposits. The deposit control gasoline additive was effective to remove intake valve deposits. In contrast, the amount of combustion chamber deposits were tend to increase even though fuels blended with bio-alcohols were used. In overall, fuels blended with bio-alcohols, compared to fossil fuels, still showed outstanding performance in terms of engine cleanliness.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary fat and individual fatty acids intake pattern of 174 college women living in Seoul and Gyong-gi province through internet nutritional assessment system. Each of the subjects was required to input their own food intake for three days, which included two days during the week and one day of the weekend, on the web program directly and all of the data collected were used for statistical analysis. The mean daily caloric intake of the subjects was 1,500.9 kcal which was at 71.5% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). Dietary fat contributed 27.6% of the total caloric intake which was slightly higher than the recommended limit of 25%. Daily cholesterol intake was 310.0 mg, which was also high to some degree. Mean daily N6 and N3 fatty acid intake was 6.1 g and 0.9 g, respectively, and calory % calculated from each were 3.63% and 0.53%. This result showed the intake of N3 fatty acid fell in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMR) $0.5\sim1.0%$ but that of N6 fatty acid was somewhat lower than the AMDR $4\sim8%$. N6/N3 ratio 8.5/l, however, was within the desirable range $4\sim10/1$. Considering overall dietary fatty acids intake, oleic acid was the most abundant, followed by linoleic and palmitic acid. And among polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, linoleic acid was exclusively high, accounting for 97.4% of total N6 fatty acid intake. On the contrary, three fatty acids, linolenic (67.3%), DHA (21.1%) and EPA (10.0%), together supplied 98.4% of total N3 fatty acid intake. Mean P/M/S was 0.9/l.1/1.0. The subjects' intake of fat, many fatty acids and cholesterol came from diverse food groups including meats, fats and oils, milk and milk products, eggs, fish, and soybean products. Nevertheless, the subjects tended to show unfavorable fat and fatty acids intake pattern in terms of quantity and quality. Based on these results, it is important to monitor dietary fat intake pattern of the general population continuously and an internet program such as the one used for this study would be valuable, especially for assessing dietary patterns in the younger generation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.500-512
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• 2010

The relationship between food and nutrient intake, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and body weight was investigated with high school girls residing in Seoul. As subjects, 159 girls were divided into a normal weight (NW) group (18.5 kg/$m^2$ $\leq$ BMI < 23 kg/$m^2$, n = 110) and an overweight (OW) group (BMI $\geq$ 23kg/$m^2$, n = 49) by body mass index (BMI). The food and nutrient intake data obtained by the 3-day food record were analyzed by Can pro 3.0 software. Anthropometric measurements were collected from each subject. Daily dietary GI (DGI) and dietary GL (DGL) were calculated from the 3-day food record. Body weights and BMI of NW were 52.4 kg and 20.4 kg/$m^2$ and those of OW were 65.2 kg and 25.4 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Total food, animal food, and other food intakes of NW were higher than those of OW, and vegetable food intakes of NW were lower than those of OW. Sugars intake of NW was significantly higher than OW. Nutrient intakes were not different between the two groups. Dietary fiber, calcium, and folate intakes of NW and OW were under 65% of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Major food sources of energy intake for both groups were rice, pizza, ice cream, pork, instant noodle, and chicken. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was higher in NW (0.82) than in OW (0.80). Mean daily DGI of NW and OW was 66.5 and 66.4, respectively. Mean daily DGL of NW and OW was higher in NW (162.0) than in OW (155.9). DGI and DGL adjusted to energy intake were not significantly correlated with anthropometric data.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.687-696
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• 2007

To increase the reliability of auto-ignition in CAI engines, the thermodynamic properties of intake flow is often controlled using recycled exhaust gases, called internal EGR. Because of the internal EGR influence on the overall thermodynamic properties and mixing quality of the gases that affect the subsequent combustion behavior, optimizing the intake and exhaust valve timing for the EGR is important to achieve the reliable auto-ignition and high thermal efficiency. In the present study, fully 3D numerical simulations were carried out to predict the mixing characteristics and flow field inside the cylinder as a function of valve timing. The 3D unsteady Eulerian-Lagrangian two-phase model was used to account for the interaction between the intake air and remaining internal EGR during the under-lap operation while varying three major parameters: the intake valve(IV) and exhaust valve(EV) timings and intake valve lift(IVL). Computational results showed that the largest EVC retardation, as in A6, yielded the optimal mixing of both EGR and fuel. The IV timing had little effect on the mixing quality. However, the IV timing variation caused backflow from the cylinder to the intake port. With respect to reduction of heat loss due to backflow, the case in B6 was considered to present the optimal operating condition. With the variation of the intake valve lift, the A1 case yielded the minimum amount of backflow. The best mixing was delivered when the lift height was at a minimum of 2 mm.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.435-450
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• 2007

To find out what foods and dishes are being consumed by people with dyslipidemia, we have researched which food groups and dish groups are utilized in order to use for nutrition educations. The data was obtained from participants in 2001 KNHNS using the 24hours recall method. Ages over 30 years old are used for the analysis. Food and dish group intakes are analyzed by gender, age, residence, education, and economic status. Dyslipidemia are divided into A, B and C groups using guideline of dyslipidemia. The differences in food consumption were analyzed and assessed by GMDVF, DDS and DVS. SAS and SPSS were used for the data analysis. Overall, In food group, people in B and C (with dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of vegetables, while people in A (without dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of fruits (p < 0.05). In dish group, people in B and C (with dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of rice dish, soups and kimchi, while people A (without dyslipidemia) have higher intake levels of breads and snacks, salad and fruits (p < 0.05). In the dietary patterns of main food group (GMDVF), the pattern excluding dairy (11011) revealed the highest proportion in all groups. DDS = 4 has the highest proportion in all groups. The proportions of subjects with the low dietary diversity score increased in B and C (with dyslipidemia). Food groups that most people do not consume were dairy and fruits. The level of DVS in A (without dyslipidemia) is higher than in B and C (with dyslipidemia). With these results, it is shown that people with dyslipidemia had worse quality patterns of food intake than those without dyslipidemia. Thus we should emphasize the balanced diet and educate people how to choose foods. So it is necessary to develop food guide for people with dyslipidemia.