• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4787-4790
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• 2015

Objective: To review ovarian cancer cases in children and adolescents in Siriraj Hospital and assess the prognosis, recurrence of disease, and reproductive outcomes after treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in ovarian cancer patients 21 years and younger who had been treated at Siriraj Hospital between January 1990 and December 2009. Medical records were reviewed and relevant data were recorded. Results: A total of 48 cases met the criteria; their mean age was 16.4 years. Abdominal distension was the major symptom. 91.6% were germ cell tumors and the remaining cases were sex cord-stromal and epithelial tumors. More than half (25/48 cases) presented with stage I disease. The most common used chemotherapy regimen for germ cell tumors was BEP (bloemycin, etoposide, cisplatin). Most of patients had favorable outcomes; 46/48 cases had complete remission and retained their good health at the time of the review. We had only one recurrent case and one dead case. Ten of contacted patients had married and 3 of them had successful full-term pregnancies. Conclusions: Ovarian malignancy in children and adolescents is a rare disease. The authors reported 48 cases in 20 year-period of work. Most of them have favorable outcomes. Return of ovarian function and fertility are the topics of interest.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2020

Aquaporin channels (AQPs) are known to play an important role in the development of ovarian follicles through their function in water transport pathways. Compared to other AQPs, research on the role of AQP4 in female reproductive physiology, particularly in cattle, remains limited. In our previous study, gene chip microarray data showed a downregulation of AQP4 in bovine cystic follicles. This study was performed to validate the AQP4 expression level at the protein level in bovine follicles using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation assays. Immunostaining data showed that AQP4 was expressed in granulosa and theca cells of bovine ovarian follicles. The ovarian follicles were classified according to size as small (< 10 mm) or large (> 25 mm) in diameter. Consistent with earlier microarray data, semi-quantitative PCR data showed a decrease in AQP4 mRNA expression in large follicles. Western blot analysis showed a downregulation of the AQP4 protein in large follicles. In addition, AQP4 was immunoprecipitated and blotted with anti-AQP4 antibody in small and large follicles. Accordingly, AQP4 exhibited a low expression in large follicles. These results show that AQP4 is downregulated in bovine ovarian large follicles, suggesting that the downregulation of AQP4 expression may interfere with follicular water transport, leading to bovine follicular cysts.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

Objective: The impact of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on ovarian follicles and several proteins related to follicular function and apoptosis was investigated in mice. Methods: Saline, cyclophosphamide (Cp; 50 or 75 mg/kg), or imatinib (7.5 or 15 mg/kg) was injected once intraperitoneally into female B6D2F1 mice (18 mice in each group). In multiple ovarian sections, the number of various types of follicles and the proportion of good-quality (G1) follicles were counted. The levels of six proteins (anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH], BCL-xL, BAX, acid sphingomyelinase [A-SMase], caspase-3, and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) within the whole ovaries were quantified using Western blots. Results: Compared to the saline group, a significant reduction of the primordial follicle count was observed in the group treated with imatinib 7.5 and 15 mg/kg, as well as in the group treated with Cp 75 mg/kg. Administration of Cp significantly decreased the proportion of G1 primordial follicles, but administration of imatinib did not. No differences in the AMH, anti-apoptotic BCLX-L, pro-apoptotic BAX, and A-SMase levels in the ovarian tissues were observed among the five groups. However, caspase-3 and α-SMA levels were significantly higher in the imatinib and Cp groups than in the saline group. Conclusion: The administration of imatinib to mice significantly reduced the primordial follicle count and increased the protein levels of caspase-3 and α-SMA. Our findings suggest that imatinib potentially exerts ovarian toxicity via apoptotic processes, similarly to Cp.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of royal jelly (RJ), a powerful natural antioxidant, on cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage. Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Oral treatment was administered to all rats for 16 days after a single intraperitoneal injection. The control group received intraperitoneal and oral saline; the RJ group received intraperitoneal saline and 100 mg/kg/day oral RJ; the cyclophosphamide group received intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and oral saline; and the treatment group received intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 100 mg/kg/day oral RJ. The groups were compared in terms of ovarian reserve tests and histopathological changes in the ovary and uterus. Results: All follicle counts were higher in the treatment group than in the cyclophosphamide group. The increase in the number of preantral follicles (p=0.001) and the decrease in the number of atretic follicles (p=0.004) were statistically significant. RJ treatment significantly improved follicular degeneration and cortical fibrosis in the ovary and epithelial and gland degeneration in the uterus due to cyclophosphamide toxicity. Conclusion: According to these results, RJ reduces cyclophosphamide-related ovarian and endometrial damage in rats. For this reason, it should be further investigated to determine its effects on reproductive function.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.20-34
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• 2010

Purpose: These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang on ovarian functions in female mice. Methods: We administered the Palmulgunjatang gamibang to 6-week-old female CF-1 mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. After administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang with different concentration, the female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. The mice were divided into 3 different groups for each experiment. To compare the differences, we set a control group treated with plain water at the same volume by the same way. Results: In case of 4-day, 8-day, 12-day administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang, the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes were increased compared with control group. We were also examined the embryonic developmental competence in vitro. In case of 4-day administration of Palmulgunjatang gamibang, the rates of blastocyst formation from 2-cell stages were higher than control group. Conclusion: From our results suggested that the medication of Palmulgunjatang gamibang has beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via promotion of cell proliferation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.50-59
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• 2019

Anti-$M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone (AMH), a peptide growth factor of the transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ family, is a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. Regarding assisted reproductive technology, AMH has been efficiently used as a marker to predict ovarian response to stimulation. The clinical use of AMH has recently been extended and emphasized. The uses of AMH as a predictive marker of menopause onset, diagnostic tool for polycystic ovary syndrome, and assessment of ovarian function before and after gynecologic surgeries or gonadotoxic agents such as chemotherapy have been investigated. Serum AMH levels can also be affected by environmental and genetic factors; thus, the effects of factors that may alter AMH test results should be considered. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies focusing on the clinical application of AMH and factors that influence the AMH level and opinions on the use of the AMH level to assess the probability of conception before reproductive life planning as a "fertility test."

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2022

Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) participates in many cellular processes and embryo development. BRD7 is down-regulated in various cancers and evidence of its tumor suppressor function has been accumulating. Here, we identified transforming stimulated clone 22 (TSC-22) as a novel BRD7 interacting protein and show its novel function as a positive regulator of BRD7. We found that TSC-22 expression potentiated the inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulate kinase (ERK) pathway by BRD7. Our data establishes TSC-22 as a modulator of BRD7 and unravels the molecular mechanisms that drive the synergistic tumor-suppressing effects of TSC-22 and BRD7. Our findings may open new avenues for developing novel molecular therapies for tumors exhibiting down-regulated BRD7 and/or TSC-22.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the change of ovarian reserve after removal of ovarian tumor using basal FSH, $E_2$, clomiphene citrate challenge test and ovarian volume. Methods: Twenty two patients with unilateral ovarian tumor, ${\leq}35$ years old, regular menstrual cycle were collected prospectively and divided into endometrioma or non-endometrioma group. We measured the ovarian volume with transvaginal ultrasonography on the day 3 of menstrual cycle within one month before and 3 months after surgery. Basal (cycle day 3) FSH, $E_2$ and CCCT were checked before surgery and repeated at least 2 spontaneous cycles later after surgery. Three patients that had been pregnant within 3 months after surgery were excluded in analysis. Results: The ovarian volume was reduced significantly after surgery in endometrioma and non-endometrioma ${\geq}10\;cm$ group ($4.79{\pm}2.57\;cm^3$ and $5.21{\pm}1.33\;cm^3$, respectively), but not in the non-endometrioma <10 cm group ($6.18{\pm}2.85\;cm^3$). After surgery, basal FSH and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT in endometrioma and non-endometrioma were $4.25{\pm}0.20\;mIU/ml$ and $3.79{\pm}0.80\;mIU/ml$, $4.24{\pm}0.85\;mIU/ml$ and $4.28{\pm}0.92\;mIU/ml$, respectively. There were neither significant difference in comparison with the preoperative results nor between two groups. Conclusions: Enucleation of ovarian mass was associated with a significant reduction in ovarian volume in endometrioma and non-endometrioma larger than 10cm in diameter. Hormonal markers for evaluation of ovarian reserve, such as basal and cycle day 10 FSH on CCCT, were not changed significantly in each group. In reproductive age women, conservative enucleation or cystectomy rather than oophorectomy should be considered even in a large benign tumor and ovarian function could be reserved by meticulous operative technique.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

Purpose: These experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of Onpoeum on ovarian functions and differential gone expressions related with cell viabilities caspase-3, MAPK and MPG in female mice. Methods: We administered the Onpoeum to 6-week-old female ICR mice for 4, 8, or 12 days. With different concentration of Onpoeum, the female mice were injected PMSG and hCG for ovarian hyperstimulation. The mice divided into 3 different groups for each experiment. We chose the Caspase-3 for cell apoptosis, MAPK and MPG genes for cell viability and DNA repair. Results: In case of 4, 8, 12 day of Onpoeum, we were examined the mean number of total ovulated oocytes and the number of morphologically normal oocytes. We were also examined the embryonic developmental competence in vitro. In audition we were examined the differential expression of cell apoptosis, viability and DNA repair related genes, Caspase-3, MAPK and MPG according to concentration and duration of Onpoeum. From these results showed that the administration of Onpoeum played a role of prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damages and also increased cell proliferation resulted in ovarian functions. Conclusion: It is suggested that the medication of Onpoeum may have beneficial effect on reproductive functions of female mice via prevention of cell apoptosis and DNA damaging and promotion of cell proliferation.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.72-85
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• 1983

This presentation firstly is discussed the characteristics of estrus, the time of first postpartum estrus, and the relative accurate of various estrus detection aids and secondly discussed the abnormalities of estrus and ovarian function and its control by treatment of exogenous hormones in cattle and pig. Longer estrus cycles as well as the shorter than 18 day cycles showed the lowered conception rates as compared to the normal cycles of 18 to 25 days. Other characteristics of est겨s such as duration of estrus, intensity of estrus and time of estrus are reviewed to affect fertility. The first postpartum ovulation and estrus in cows usually occurs about 20 to 30 days and 40 to 50 days after parturition, respectively. Irregularities in estrus cycle length have been conducted during early postpartum period. In sows, weaning is followed by ovulation and estrus although there is some individual variation. The most common method of estrus detection is direct visual observation on standing estrus behavior, but various aids of estrus detection have been empolyed with varying degree of effectiveness. The results from heat detector devices are about as accurate as twice-daily observation(about 90%). The abnormal estrus can be classified into three types; irregular or continuous estrus, silent estrus and anestrus. Cystic ovarian disease, follicular cysts and luteal cysts, is a serious cause of reproductive failure in cattle and pig. The follicular cysts are much more common than luteal cysts and the incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle is higher than beef cattle and pig. The occurrences of ovarian cysts have been closely associated with levels of milk production, stages of postpartum period, nutritional levels and seasons. The luteal cysts and persistent corpora lutea are responsive to the luteolytic effects of the recently synthetic analogues of PGF2$\alpha$ in cows and sows and recently GnRH or LH-RH has been successfully used as a treatment for cows and sows with ovarian follicular cysts.