• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

The ovarian follicles develop initially from primordial follicles. The majority of ovarian primordial follicles are maintained quiescently as a reserve for the reproductive life span. Only a few of them are activated and develop to an advanced follicular stage. The maintenance of dormancy and activation of primordial follicles are controlled by coordinated actions of a suppressor/activator with close communications with somatic cells and intra-oocyte signaling pathways. Many growth factors and signaling pathways have been identified and the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily plays important roles in early folliculogenesis. However, the mechanism of maintaining the dormancy and survival of primordial follicles has remained unknown for decades. Recently, since the first finding that all primordial follicles are activated prematurely in mice deficient forkhead box O3a, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling pathway was reported to be important in the regulation of dormancy and initial follicular activation. With these informations on early folliculogenesis, clinical application can be expected such as in vitro maturation of immature oocytes or in vitro activation of follicles by PTEN inhibitor in cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissues for fertility preservation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.245-252
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• 1993

Primary ovarian pregnancy is one of the rerest types of extrauterine pregnancy. But an increase in the reported prevalence of ovarian pregnancies was published in recent years. Three cases of ovarian pregnancy which have Spiegelberg criteria are presented with a brief review of literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish whether differences in ovarian size exist between the right and the left ovary of the same individual in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: In total, 206 Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome were included in this study. In all participants, a transvaginal or transrectal ultrasound examination was conducted in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Results: A significant linear correlation was found between the two ovaries with regard to antral follicle count and ovarian volume. The mean antral follicle count in the right ovary (26.75 ± 11.72) was significantly higher than that in the left ovary (23.98 ± 10.85), and the mean volume of the right ovary (11.06 ± 5.17 cm³) was significantly different from that of the left ovary (9.12 ± 4.89 cm³). Conclusion: Ovarian size is different between the right and the left ovary in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2006

Pethidine at the dose level of 0.5 mg and 0.75 mg/100 g body weight administered for 20 days to the cycling albino rats caused decrease in the ovarian weight and its protein content. The ovarian folliculogenesis in treated rats is hampered; as a result the follicles which are at the different stages of growth underwent regression. Therefore, the number of healthy follicles is reduced and atretic follicles increased. The elevated levels of ovarian cholesterol and decreased level of glycogen in the pethidine treated rats indicates the inhibition brought in steroidogenesis, which is dependent on pituitary gonadotrophins.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.303-305
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• 2013

A 11-year, 9-month-old female Shih-tzu was referred for evaluation of the body conditions. According to the physical examination and ultrasonography, the left ovarian mass was detected. For the removal of ovarian mass, an ovariohysterectomy was performed. Grossly, the ovarian mass was full of hairmatrix on the cut surface of the mass. Histopathological findings revealed a characteristic of teratoma, such as laminated keratines, hair, sebaceous glands, neuron tissue, differentiated bone and cartilage. The ovarian mass was well-differentiated components of 2 germ layers, and diagnosed as a mature teratoma.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.367-370
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• 2002

A female, 14-year-old mixed dog weighing 4 kg and a female,8-year-old schnauzer dog weighing 6 kg showing vaginal discharges and vomiting for a few weeks were examined for the preoperative check of anterior cruciate ligament rupture and the recheck after the surgery of nephrectomy. There were no distinct abnormal signs except for the increased CBC at schnauzer dog on blood chemistry analysis. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were a large abdominal mass and a cyst-like hypoechogenic or anechogenic cavitary lesion on the ovary region. These findings were consistent with an ovarian cyst. Thereafter highly suspected ovarian cysts by diagnostic imaging were supported by high estrogen concentration on hormonal assay and the results of Pathologic examination as the unilateral ovarian cysts with secondary pyometra.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2021

Advances in anticancer treatments have resulted in increasing survival rates among cancer patients. Accordingly, the quality of life after treatment, particularly the preservation of fertility, has gradually emerged as an essential consideration. Cryopreservation of embryos or unfertilized oocytes has been considered as the standard method of fertility preservation among young women facing gonadotoxic chemotherapy. Other methods, including ovarian suppression and ovarian tissue cryopreservation, have been considered experimental. Recent large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that temporary ovarian suppression using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) during chemotherapy is beneficial for preventing chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in breast cancer patients. It should also be emphasized that GnRHa use during chemotherapy does not replace established fertility preservation methods. All young women facing gonadotoxic chemotherapy should be counseled about and offered various options for fertility preservation, including both GnRHa use and cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes, and/or ovarian tissue.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.389-394
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• 1997

We examined the effect of modulation of PKA isozymes on the growth of human ovarian cancer cells. Three ovarian cancer cell lines, 2774, SK-OV-3, and OVCAR-3, were examined in this study. The treatment of 5 uM 8-CI-cAMP, which has been known to down-regulate RI (or type 1 PKA) and up-regulate RII (or type II PKA), markedly inhibited the growth of all cell lines (50-80% at day 6). To test whether alteration in PKA regulatory subunits level can change the growth characteristics of ovarian cancer cells, we introduced RIIB- expression construct and Rla antisense-expression construct into 2774 cells. The overexpression of RIIB down-regulated Rla protein, and the antisense-expression of Rla up-regulated RIIB protein, showing that the intracellular levels of RI and RII are reciprocally regulated. In both cases, cell growth was reduced by 30% at day 2. These results indicate that the growth of ovarian cancer cells is controlled by the signals from PKA isozymes, and the modulation of PKA isozymes can be employed for the human ovarian cancer therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effects of oriental medicine on 2 patients with premature ovarian failure. Methods: The patients who had amenorrhea caused by premature ovarian failure were treated by oriental medicine such as herb medication, acupuncture and moxibustion. We evaluated the results of treatments by change of symptoms, serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index. Results: After oriental medicine, the patients could have their normal menstrual cycle. Also serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index were improved. Conclusions: This study shows that oriental medicine has effects on patients with premature ovarian failure. And serum hormone assay, basal body temperature and Kupperman's Index would be valid measurement to evaluate the effect of treatments for premature ovarian failure.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2012

For the gonadal sex management of younger longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus), this work investigated the timing and histological process of ovary differentiation and oocyte development of longtooth grouper larvae and juvenile. Specimens (from 1 to 365 DAH) were collected for gonadal histological study from June 2008 to August 2009. Rearing water temperature was ranged from 20 to $24^{\circ}C$. The primordial germ cells could be observed from 10 to 15 DAH, while undifferentiated gonad occurs from 20 to 50 DAH in longtooth grouper. The initial ovarian phase was 60 to 110 DAH with the formation of ovarian cavity and the increased in size of gonad. The ovarian phase started at 140 DAH with appearance of oogonia. The gonad at 365 DAH appeared to have full of oogonia and primary growth stage oocyte. Formation of ovarian cavity indicates that the ovarian differentiation beginning at 60 DAH in longtooth grouper. The gonads in longtooth grouper differentiated directly into ovaries in all fish examined.