• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.674-682
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acupuncture & moxibustion therapy on the hair follicle growth of skin 5 days and 10 days by macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows : Macroscopic hair follicle growth of plum-blossom needle treated group and strong moxibustion treated group was more increase than that of control group. Microscopic hair follicle growth of plum-blossom needle treated group and strong moxibustion treated group was hair growing cycle, anagen phase VI and that of control group and weak moxibustion treated group was hair growing cycle, anagen phase IV. Immunohistochemical observations on the expression of various growth factors, enzyme and receptor in hair follicle cycle after local treatment of acupuncture & moxibustion therapy are as follows: Expression of fibroblast growth factor was more intense in epidermis in plum-blossom needle treated group, epidermis and secondary hair germ cells in strong moxibustion treated group than control group. Expression of epidermal growth factor was more intense in epidermis in all experimental groups, and secondary hair germ cells in moxibustion treated group than control group. Expression of c-kit receptor was more intense in epidermis, secondary hair germ cells, outer root sheath in all experimental groups than control group. Expression of protein kinase C-${\alpha}$ was more intense in epidermis, secondary hair germ cells, outer root sheath in all experimental groups than control group. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was more intense in epidermis, bulge, secondary hair germ cells, outer root sheath in plum-blossom needle treated group and strong moxibustion treated group than control group. We concluded that acupuncture & moxibustion therapy related to the expression of various growth factors, enzymes and receptor on the hair growth cycle for hair growth.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2021

Literature has revealed that the delta opioid receptor (DOR) exhibited diverse pharmacological effects on neuron and skin. In the present study, we have investigated whether the activation of DOR has hair-growth promotion effects. Compared with other opioid receptor, DOR was highly expressed in epidermal component of hair follicle in human and rodents. The expression of DOR was high in the anagen phase, but it was low in the catagen and telogen phases during mouse hair cycle. Topical application of UFP-512, a specific DOR agonist, significantly accelerated the induction of the anagen in C₃H mice. Topical application of UFP-512 also increased the hair length in hair organ cultures and promoted the proliferation and the migration of outer root sheath (ORS) cells. Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of DOR by naltrindole significantly inhibited the anagen transition process and decreased hair length in hair organ cultures. Thus, we further examined whether Wnt/β-catenin pathway was related to the effects of DOR on hair growth. We found that Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated by UFP-512 and siRNA for β-catenin attenuated the UFP-512 induced proliferation and migration of ORS cells. Collectively, result established that DOR was involved in hair cycle regulation, and that DOR agonists such as UFP-512 should be developed for novel hair-loss treatment.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

모낭은 복잡한 상호작용을 통하여 성장 및 주기가 조절되며 다양한 세포들로 구성진 기관이다. 본 연구에서는 조직공학적 방법을 이용하여 모낭을 구성하는 세포들을 분리 및 배양하였고 세포들의 형태와 증식양상을 관찰할 수 있었고, 기관배양의 방법을 통하여 in vitro에서 첨가물에 대한 모발의 성장 및 주기의 변화를 살펴보았다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.302-305
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• 2003

It is difficult to obtain sufficient healthy skin for coverage of a wide area of skin wound. In the skin, an additional population of living epithelial cells is located in the outer root sheath (ORS) of hair $follicles.^{1),2)}$ ORS cells should be a good source of epithelium because they are easily obtainable and patients do not have to suffer from scar formation at donor sites. We modified ordinary primary culture technique for the purpose of solving such problem that epithelial cells have a low propagation and easy aging during culture periods. First of all, we improved primary cultivation methods. In the ordinary primary culture, average yield of human ORS cells was $2\;{\times}\;10^3$ cells/follicle by direct incubation with trypsin (0.1%)/EDTA (0.02%) solution for 15 min at $37^{\circ}C$ but we could obtain about $6.5\;{\times}\;10^3$ cells/follicle by two step enzyme digestion method with dispase (1.2 U/ml) and trypsin (0.1%)/EDTA (0.02%) solution. So we could achieve three times higher primary cultured ORS cell yield. Secondly, we could obtain total $2\;{\times}\;10^7$ cells in serum free medium and even more total $6\;{\times}\;10^7$ cells in modified E-medium with mitomycin C-treated feeder cells during 17 days. Using the cultured ORS cells, and we could make bioartificial skin equivalent in vitro and concluded that ORS cells were progenitor cells for skin epithelial cell.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1116-1124
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• 2009

To determine whether topical application of trimix extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall., Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Ternata lead to affects on the hair growth activity in C57BL/6N mice. To examine the hair growth activity of the extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall., Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Ternata gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical method were performed. In order to examine the mRNA expression of hair growth related substance, RT-PCR method was performed. Experimental group I on day 14, The most extensive hair growth activity was observed in whole skin area of all the mice whose hair had been clipped. Brdu immunoreactive cells of all the experimental groups were more heavily stained in epidermis, bulge, outer root sheath, inner root sheath, subcutaneous tissue, hair bulb and cutaneous trunci muscles than that of control group on day 12 of hair growing cycle in C57BL/6N mice. VEGF immunoreactive density of all the experimental groups was more heavily stained in epidermis, bulge and cutaneous trunci muscles than that of control group on day 12. FGF and c-kit immunoreactive cells of all the experimental groups were heavily stained in epidermis, outer root sheath, inner root sheath and cutaneous trunci muscles on day 12. PKC-$\alpha$ immunoreactive density of all the experimental groups was mildly stained in epidermis and cutaneous trunci muscles than that of control group on day 12. On day 12, the expression of bFGF (138%, 119%, 120%), VEGF (146%, 144%, 133%), IGF-1 (165%, 141%, 119%) and PLI (121%, 116%, 123&) in each experimental groups was more increased than that of control group. On day 16, The expression of IGF-1 (126%, 149%, 151%) in all the experimental group was more increased than that of control group (100%). The expression of bFGF (92%, 94%) and VEGF (101%, 97%), PL1 (102%, 109%) in all the experimental group was more decreased than that of experimental group I, II on day 12. But the expression of bFGF (109%) and VEGF (127%), and PL1 (105%) in each experimental group III was more increased than that of control group (100%). These experiments suggest that trimix extracts of Mylabris phalerata pall., Arisaematis Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Ternata may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and its experimental group I can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2010

We have examined the histological changes of skin during hair follicle growth after depilation in C57BL/6N mice. We first studied on histological changes of number of mast cells and thickness of skin during hair follicle growth periods (telogen, 1 day, 3 day, 5 day, 10 day, 14 day, 17 day and 21 day after depilation) by toluidine blue, Giemsa and H&E staining methods. We second studied immunoreactive density of cytokines and Brdu labeled cells in skin during hair follicle growth periods after depilation in C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. The histological changes on skin thickness was increased from telogen to 14 day. The number of mast cells was decreased in 3,5 and 10 day and increased in 14, 17 and 20 day after depilation. Immunoreactive density of cytokines [protein kinase C-${\alpha}$ (PKC-${\alpha}$), c-kit, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] in 1, 3, 5, 10, and 14 day after depilation was mildly stained in bulge and cutaneous trunci m., but immunoreactive density of cytokines in 17 and 21 day was heavily stained in epidermis, bulge, outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath (IRS) and cutaneous trunci m.. Immunoreactive density of Brdu labeled cells in skin in 1 and 3 day was heavily stained in bulge, epidermis and connective tissue under the cutaneous trunci m.. In all periods, immunoreactive density of Brdu labeled cells in skin was heavily stained in bulge, subcutaneous tissue, cutaneous trunci m, ORS and IRS. These experiments suggest that histological changes related to hair follicle growth elevated mast cell counts, skin thickness and epidermis thickness and heavily stained immunoreactive density of cytokines and Brdu labeled cutaneous trunci m. and connective tissue under the cutaneous trunci m. after depilation in C57BL/6N mice.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.176-179
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• 2020

Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor arising from the primitive basal cells of the epidermis that differentiate into hair matrix cells. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene, which encodes β-catenin (a protein involved in hair growth), play an etiological role in the development of pilomatricoma. A 34-year-old woman presenting with a mass in the right parotid region underwent an excisional biopsy. The mass was conclusively diagnosed as pilomatricoma. During pregnancy, the mass grew from 1 cm to 5 cm in diameter and was accompanied by pain and tenderness. The growth may have been facilitated by the increased production of estrogen and progesterone, which bind to receptors located in the outer root sheath cells of the hair follicles. No recurrence was observed during 6 months of follow-up.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) consists of bi-layered cells derived from the inner and outer dental epithelia and plays important roles in tooth root formation as well as in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. With regards to the fate of HERS, and although previous reports have suggested that this entails the formation of epithelial rests of Malassez, apoptosis or an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), it is unclear what changes occur in the epithelial cells in this structure. This study examined whether HERS cells undergo EMT using a keratin-14 (K14) cre:ROSA 26 transgenic reporter mouse. The K14 transgene is expressed by many epithelial tissues, including the oral epithelium and the enamel organ. A distinct K14 expression pattern was found in the continuous HERS bi-layer and the epithelial diaphragm were visualized by detecting the ${\beta}$-galactosidase (lacZ) activity in 1 week postnatal mice. The 2 and 4 week old mice showed a fragmented HERS with cell aggregation along the root surface. However, some of the lacZ-positive dissociated cells along the root surface were not positive for pan-cytokeratin. These results suggest that the K14 transgene is a valuable marker of HERS. In addition, the current data suggest that some of the HERS cells may lose their epithelial properties after fragmentation and subsequently undergo EMT.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2003

Obtaining a sufficient amount of healthy keratinocytes from a small tissue is difficult. However, ORS cells can be a good source of epithelium since they are easily obtainable and patients do not have to suffer from scar formation at donor sites. Accordingly, the current study modified the conventional primary culture technique to overcome the low propagation and easy aging of epithelial cells during culturing. In a conventional primary culture, the average yield of human ORS tells is 2.↑ $\times$ 10$^3$cells/follicle based on direct incubation in a trypsin (0.1%)/EDTA(0.02%) solution for 15 min at 37$^{\circ}C$, however, our modified method was able to obtain about 6.9 $\times$ 10$^3$cel1s/follicle using a two-step enzyme digestion method involving dispase (1.2 U/mL) and a trypsin (0.1%)/EDTA (0.02%) solution. Thus, the yield of primary cultured ORS cells could be increasd three times higher. Furthermore, a total of 2.0 $\times$ 10$^{7}$ cells was obtained in a serum-free medium. while a modified E-medium with mitomycin C-treated feeder tells produced a total of 6.3 $\times$ 10$^{7}$ Cel1s over 17 days When Starting With 7.5 $\times$ 10$^4$cells. Finally, We Confirmed the effectiveness of our ORS tell isolation method by presenting their ability for reconstructing the bioartificial skin epithelium in vitro

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 7 개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 헵타펩타이드의 Lgr5 binding에 따른 인체 모낭 구성 세포의 활성에 대한 영향을 확인하였다. 표면 플라즈몬 공명(surface plasmon resonance, SPR) 시스템을 이용하여 헵타펩타이드가 Lgr5에 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. 인체 모유두세포(human hair follicle dermal papilla cell, HHFDPC)에 헵타펩타이드를 처리한 결과, 농도 의존적인 세포 증식이 나타났으며 β-catenin의 세포 내핵 이동 및 하위 유전자인 LEF1, Cyclin-D1, c-Myc의 발현 증가가 관찰되었다. 그리고 세포 증식 기전 관련 인자인 Akt와 ERK의 인산화 수준이 증가되었으며, 성장인자인 hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 발현이 유도되었다. 또한 인체 모모세포(human hair germinal matrix cell, HHGMC)의 분화 관련 전사 인자와 인체 외모근초세포(human hair outer root sheath cell, HHORSC)의 분화 표지 인자들도 헵타펩타이드 처리 시 높은 발현율을 보였다. 추가적으로 우리는 헵타펩타이드의 인체 모낭줄기세포(human hair follicle stem cell, HHFSC) 분화에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과, HHFSC 표지인자들의 mRNA와 단백질 수준이 감소하였고 반면에 분화 표지인자들은 증가하였다. 상기의 결과들은 헵타펩타이드가 인체 모낭 구성 세포에서 Wnt/β-catenin 경로를 촉진시켜 증식 또는 분화를 유도할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이를 토대로 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구의 헵타펩타이드는 모발 성장을 유도하고 탈모 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 기능성 원료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.