• 제목/요약/키워드: outer core

검색결과 307건 처리시간 0.022초

배 장십랑품종 과실의 수학 후 생리적 변화와 과실부위별 무기성분함량 (Studies on the Physiological Change of Fruit during Storage and Mineral Content in 'Chojuro' Pear)

  • 이주연;최종승;안영직
    • 자연과학논문집
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.175-179
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    • 1996
  • 수확 후 '십장랑'과실의 당도와 산함량은 저장기간이 경과할수록 과실의 크기와는 관계없이 감소되었으며, 과실경도도 감소되었는데 소과보다 대과의 감소솔이 컸다. 과실의 에틸렌발생은 저장기간 중 증가되었고 호흡량은 수확 후 2주와 6주에 두 번의 상승이 있었다. 과실의 칼슘과 마그네슘함량은 과피부분이 가장 높고 과심이 그 다음이며 과육이 가장 낮았으며, 특히 칼슘함량은 외부의 과육이 내부의 과육보다 낮았고 마그네슘은 중간부위의 과육이 낮았다. Ca/Mg 율은 과심주위의 과육이 높았고 K/Ca 율은 외부과육이 높았다.

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에너지 회생 스너버를 적용한 3레벨 DC/DC 컨버터 (Three Level DC/DC Converter Using Energy Recovery Snubber)

  • 조용현;김윤호;김은수
    • 전력전자학회논문지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.64-73
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    • 2001
  • 영전압 영전류 스위칭 3레벨 DC/DC 컨버터를 제안한다. 이 컨버터는 높은 순환 에너지, 정류다이오드들의 제한적인 기생순환, 그리고 내부 스위치에 의한 제한된 영전암 스위칭 부하뜰 갖는 일반적인 영전압 영전류 스위칭 3레벨 DC/DC 컨버터 약점을 극복한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 컨버터는 외부스위치가 영전압 스위칭을 이룰 수 있도록 하고 1차 측에 플라잉 커패시터로 위상전이 제어하도록 되었다. 또 컨버터는 내부 스위치플이 영전류 스위칭을 이루는 구간동안 l차 측에 에너지 회생 스너버에 의해 리셋 하는 보조회로를 갖는다. 제안된 컨버터들은 6kW, 30kHz 의 실험 장치를 제작하였고 해석하였다.

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An interactive multiple model method to identify the in-vessel phenomenon of a nuclear plant during a severe accident from the outer wall temperature of the reactor vessel

  • Khambampati, Anil Kumar;Kim, Kyung Youn;Hur, Seop;Kim, Sung Joong;Kim, Jung Taek
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.532-548
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    • 2021
  • Nuclear power plants contain several monitoring systems that can identify the in-vessel phenomena of a severe accident (SA). Though a lot of analysis and research is carried out on SA, right from the development of the nuclear industry, not all the possible circumstances are taken into consideration. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of the safety of nuclear power plants, additional analytical studies are needed that can directly monitor severe accident phenomena. This paper presents an interacting multiple model (IMM) based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) approach for the identification of in-vessel phenomena to provide the accident propagation information using reactor vessel (RV) out-wall temperature distribution during severe accidents in a nuclear power plant. The estimation of wall temperature is treated as a state estimation problem where the time-varying wall temperature is estimated using IMM employing three multiple models for temperature evolution. From the estimated RV out-wall temperature and rate of temperature, the in-vessel phenomena are identified such as core meltdown, corium relocation, reactor vessel damage, reflooding, etc. We tested the proposed method with five different types of SA scenarios and the results show that the proposed method has estimated the outer wall temperature with good accuracy.

LNG 외조 저장탱크의 구조적 특성을 고려한 상태평가 기준 개발 (A Development of Condition Evaluation Standard Considering Structural Characteristic for Members of LNG Outer Storage Tanks)

  • 최경재;서창주;김영구;조영도;김정훈
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2017
  • 한국은 세계 2위의 LNG 수입국이고 2017년 기준 약 70기의 LNG 저장탱크가 상업운전 중에 있다. LNG산업의 핵심설비인 LNG 저장탱크는 1986년 상업운전 이후 설계보증 연한인 30년이 경과 되면서 도시가스사업법 개정을 통해 2014년부터 정밀안전진단을 수행하고 있다. 정밀안전진단 시 LNG 저장탱크의 외조 콘크리트에 대해서 상태평가를 할 수 있는 기준이 부재한 상태이다. LNG 저장탱크의 구조적 특성과 기존 토목구조물 상태평가 기준 분석을 통해 저장탱크의 대표부재에 대한 상태평가기준을 개발하였다. 개발된 객관적 상태평가기준은 LNG 저장탱크의 안전성 및 신뢰성을 향상시키고 보수기준을 제시할 수 있다.

꼬막(Tegillarca granosa) 외투막의 미세구조 (Mantle Ultrastructure of the Granular Ark, Tegillarca granosa (Bivalvia: Acridae))

  • 마경화;이정식
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.270-275
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    • 2003
  • Histochemical characteristic and ultrastructure of the mantle of the granular ark, Tegillarca granosa are described using light and electron microscopy. The mantle of the clam is composed of outer epidermis, connective tissue and inner epidermis. The simple epidermis consists of supporting cells, ciliated cells of the two types and secretory cells of three types. Connective tissue is composed of matrix, collagen fibers, muscular fibers and hemolymph sinus. The columnar supporting cell is covered with microvilli on the free surface. Ciliated cells are distributed in the inner epidermis with numerous cilia, microvilli and tubular mitochondria. Secretory cells could be classified into three types (A, B and C) with morphological features of the secretory granules. Type A secretory cells contains secretory granules with fibrous materials of high electron density Type B secretory cells are more abundant than the other cells, and contains secretory granules of membrane-bounded and high electron density. Secretory granules of the type C cells are divided into fibrous core layer and homogeneous peripheral layer. Type B secretory cells are abundant in the both epidermis of marginal mantle, while large number of type A and C secretory cells are evident in the outer epidermis of the central and umbonal mantle. This result showed that the outer and the inner epidermis of the mantle are related with shell formation and cleaning of the mantle cavity, respectively.

POD 기법을 이용한 경계층 외부 수직날의 마찰저항 저감 기구에 관한 관측 (Investigation of Skin Friction Reduction Mechanism of Outer-Layer Vertical Blades Using POD Analysis)

  • 안남현;박성현;전호환;이인원
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.567-575
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    • 2013
  • 외부경계층 수직 날의 마찰저항 저감 기구를 규명하기 위하여 회류수조에서 시간분해 입자영상유속계로 측정된 비정상 유동장에 POD 분석을 실시하였다. 최근의 PIV 결과에서는 수직날 평면 및 수직날 사이 평면에서 각각 2.73%, 7.95%의 마찰저항 저감효과가 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 수직날 배열이 난류조직구조에 미치는 영향을 POD 방법을 통하여 분석하였다. 난류유동의 조직적인 와구조가 수직날에 의하여 절단, 변형되고 비정상 거동이 난류경계층에서의 마찰저항 저감 기구와 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 관찰되었다.

복합자재의 패널 간 화염확산방지에 따른 플래시오버 지연 효과에 대한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on the Flash Over Delay Effects according to the Prevention of Flame Spread between Composite Material Panels)

  • 김도현;조남욱
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2017
  • 샌드위치패널은 건축물의 내 외벽 및 지붕구조에 사용되며 양면의 불연성재료와 단열용 심재로 구성된 복합자재이다. 뛰어난 단열성능과 경량 및 시공의 우수한 특성 대비 화재 시 패널간 결합부위를 통해 화염이 내부로 유입되어 심재가 쉽게 용융되며 급격한 화염확산으로 인명 및 재산피해를 발생시킨다. 현행 건축법은 건축물 마감재료에 대하여 소규모 시험편에 대한 화재시험방법으로 연소성능을 파악하며 규정한 성능기준에 합격한 제품을 사용하도록 한다. 외벽 마감재료의 경우 불연 준불연 성능확보 재료를 사용하거나 화재확산방지구조를 설치하도록 규정한다. 본 연구는 외벽 마감재료에 국한되어 적용하고 있는 화재확산방지 구조를 샌드위치패널 건축물에 적용하여 수평 수직 화재확산의 위험성의 차이를 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 샌드위치패널에 대하여 ISO 13784-1 시험방법을 통한 실물화재실험과 금속구조물을 이용하여 패널간 화염확산을 차단하는 시공을 통해 화염확산방지 적용 여부에 대한 연소거동과 그 효과를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 패널 조인트 부위의 화염확산방지구조 시공은 패널 내부의 화염확산을 지연하며 이에 따른 플래시오버 시간이 지연되어 복합자재 건축물의 화재안전확보에 중요한 요인으로 작용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

ADVANCED DVI+

  • Kwon, Tae-Soon;Lee, S.T.;Euh, D.J.;Chu, I.C.;Youn, Y.J.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제44권7호
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    • pp.727-734
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    • 2012
  • A new advanced safety feature of DVI+ (Direct Vessel Injection Plus) for the APR+ (Advanced Power Reactor Plus), to mitigate the ECC (Emergency Core Cooling) bypass fraction and to prevent switching an ECC outlet to a break flow inlet during a DVI line break, is presented for an advanced DVI system. In the current DVI system, the ECC water injected into the downcomer is easily shifted to the broken cold leg by a high steam cross flow which comes from the intact cold legs during the late reflood phase of a LBLOCA (Large Break Loss Of Coolant Accident)For the new DVI+ system, an ECBD (Emergency Core Barrel Duct) is installed on the outside of a core barrel cylinder. The ECBD has a gap (From the core barrel wall to the ECBD inner wall to the radial direction) of 3/25~7/25 of the downcomer annulus gap. The DVI nozzle and the ECBD are only connected by the ECC water jet, which is called a hydrodynamic water bridge, during the ECC injection period. Otherwise these two components are disconnected from each other without any pipes inside the downcomer. The ECBD is an ECC downward isolation flow sub-channel which protects the ECC water from the high speed steam crossflow in the downcomer annulus during a LOCA event. The injected ECC water flows downward into the lower downcomer through the ECBD without a strong entrainment to a steam cross flow. The outer downcomer annulus of the ECBD is the major steam flow zone coming from the intact cold leg during a LBLOCA. During a DVI line break, the separated DVI nozzle and ECBD have the effect of preventing the level of the cooling water from being lowered in the downcomer due to an inlet-outlet reverse phenomenon at the lowest position of the outlet of the ECBD.

Thermoelectric properties of individual PbTe nanowires grown by a vapor transport method

  • Lee, Seung-Hyun;Jang, So-Young;Lee, Jun-Min;Roh, Jong-Wook;Park, Jeung-Hee;Lee, Woo-Young
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.7-7
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    • 2009
  • Lead telluride (PbTe) is a very promising thermoelectric material due to its narrow band gap (0.31 eV at 300 K), face-centered cubic structure and large average excitonic Bohr radius (46 nm) allowing for strong quantum confinement within a large range of size. In this work, we present the thermoelectric properties of individual single-crystalline PbTe nanowires grown by a vapor transport method. A combination of electron beam lithography and a lift-off process was utilized to fabricate inner micron-scaled Cr (5 nm)/Au (130 nm) electrodes of Rn (resistance of a near electrode), Rf (resistance of a far electrode) and a microheater connecting a PbTe nanowire on the grid of points. A plasma etching system was used to remove an oxide layer from the outer surface of the nanowires before the deposition of inner electrodes. The carrier concentration of the nanowire was estimated to be as high as $3.5{\times}10^{19}\;cm^{-3}$. The Seebeck coefficient of an individual PbTe nanowire with a radius of 68 nm was measured to be $S=-72{\mu}V/K$ at room temperature, which is about three times that of bulk PbTe at the same carrier concentration. Our results suggest that PbTe nanowires can be used for high-efficiency thermoelectric devices.

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Vibration behavior of trapezoidal sandwich plate with functionally graded-porous core and graphene platelet-reinforced layers

  • Liang, Di;Wu, Qiong;Lu, Xuemei;Tahouneh, Vahid
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.47-62
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    • 2020
  • In this study, free vibration behavior of trapezoidal sandwich plates with porous core and two graphene platelets (GPLs) reinforced nanocomposite outer layers are presented. The distribution of pores and GPLs are supposed to be functionally graded (FG) along the thickness of core and nanocomposite layers, respectively. The effective Young's modulus of the GPL-reinforced (GPLR) nanocomposite layers is determined using the modified Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model, while the Poisson's ratio and density are computed by the rule of mixtures. The FSDT plate theory is utilized to establish governing partial differential equations and boundary conditions (B.C.s) for trapezoidal plate. The governing equations together with related B.C.s are discretized using a mapping- generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method in the spatial domain. Then natural frequencies of the trapezoidal sandwich plates are obtained by GDQ method. Validity of current study is evaluated by comparing its numerical results with those available in the literature. A special attention is drawn to the role of GPLs weight fraction, GPLs patterns of two faces through the thickness, porosity coefficient and distribution of porosity on natural frequencies characteristics. New results show the importance of this permeates on vibrational characteristics of porous/GPLR nanocomposite plates. Finally, the influences of B.C.s and dimension as well as the plate geometry such as face to core thickness ratio on the vibration behaviors of the trapezoidal plates are discussed.