• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-42
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• 1992

IN urban areas, public outdoor recreation opportunities are limited, traditional funding sources are being eraded, and crowding as well as ecological damage appear inevitable, these developments may require new analysis on the prospective policy of park, with the evaluation of the trend of amenity resources and recreation values, 16 parks were taken as informants in Deagu city area, the data for this research were collected 2,942 samples by the on-site-interview. The abstracted results of amenity elements were revealed as institutions and resource types, the attraction of resources was about twice as much as that of institutions. The resources is to be classified into two items ; national resources and human resources. The former is about five times as mcuh atractive as the latter. The attraction of natural resources consists in the atmospheric factors(35%), the biological factors(28%), the topographical factors(19%), and the scenery factors(18%). While, the attraction of human resources consists in the cultural factors(54%), the social factors(46%). The attraction of the base institutions is very low. The attraction of the static institution is three times as much as that of that of the dynamic institution. The above tendency is a general trend in Daegu city. But when we are taking into consideration in datail, we find that there is great difference among the green tract of land of the park. When the amenity resources of one's destination was used for the value of recreation, the pattern of attraction variables as a physical characteristics could explain 58%. Based on those result, this study is a small but important guidence for decision makings concerning to the allocation of scarce amenity resources.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.76-92
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of women's fashion in the city culture of Paris in the nineteenth century by examining paintings by the Impressionists. The research method was based on literature survey and visual examination paintings, 224 paintings(by ${\acute{E}}douard$ Manet, James Tissot, Edgar DeGas, Gustave Cailleboat, Jean $B{\acute{e}}raud$, Pierre-Auguste Renoir) were analyzed in this study. The results are as follows: In the nineteenth century, Paris was a new city with new department stores. Department stores were centers of consumer culture, where the power of capital appeared rather than class. The spatial backgrounds of Impressionist paintings were places where they could see the consumption and leisure culture of urban people, such as outdoor parks, cafes, theaters, ballrooms, bars, streets, and the boats. As for the characteristics of women's fashion in paintings, it was found that various changes of artificial silhouettes were developed. Various frills, ruffles, gatherings, and pleats were thought to have been made by machines. In the urban space, many of the women's costumes stood out because of the black color. Not only the black color came to represent widows and mourning but the black outfits worn by women enhanced their sensual appearances. Women's fashion expressed in Impressionist paintings eventually contained a modern meaning that changed from 'class symbol' to 'expression of taste'. And the symbol of consumer and leisure culture showed, and a Demimonde's fashion became a trendsetter, and painters were used as an important element expressing modernity.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2014

Early fire detection is very important to avoid loss of lives and material damage. The conventional smoke detector sensors have difficulties in detecting smoke in large outdoor areas. The video-based smoke detection can overcome these drawbacks. This paper proposes a new smoke detection method in video sequences. It uses the ratio of variation rate of subband energy in the wavelet transform domain. In order to reduce the false alarm, candidate smoke blocks are detected by using motion, decrease of chromaticity and the average intensity of block in the YUV color space. Finally, it decides whether the candidate smoke blocks are smokes or not by using their temporal changes of subband energies in the wavelet transform domain. Experimental results show that the proposed method noticeably increases the accuracy of smoke detection and reduces false alarm compared with the conventional smoke detection methods using wavelets.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.145-159
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• 2008

This study has examined the shift in fashion styles in Korea by analyzing trends in fashion environment and fashion image by seasons in Korea to understand the domestic fashion flow from 2000 to 2006. Since 2000, with the well-being trend, polarization of consumption, preference in luxury orientation, and digital revolution, consumers became individualized and detail oriented. They also became smart consumers equipped with information and knowledge in making choice and purchasing products suiting their taste. To satisfy the consumer trend, fashion market also saw changes such as expansion of advanced distribution, totalization of brands, growing of on-line shopping mall, expansion of outdoor-wear market, and formation of masstage(mass+prestage) market. Fashion images in domestic women's wear since 2000 are analyzed as classic, elegant, minimalism, romantic, bohemian & vintage, ethnic, glam, girlish, kidult, sportive, femiculine, military, and lingerie image. Classic, romantic, and bohemian & vintage are the images that were popular throughout 2000 to 2006. Fashion images of domestic women's wear showed changes in three periods: Sportive image was popular in FW 2002; military image in SS 2003 to SS 2005; and femiculine, glam, and minimalism images in FW 2005 to FW 2006. Through information and detail-oriented emotion, the wide-ranging acceptance of global trends, the consumer tendency towards purchasing products quickly and conveniently, the speedy supply of trendy products both on-line and in-store, and the evolution of the fashion market towards providing one-stop shopping and a cultural space, different fashion images have all emerged at the same time in Korea. It looks like this phenomenon is set to continue for a while.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.75-80
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• 2014

Development of temporary housing for victims whose house damaged is required. In this study is to plan temporary house space 'Mobile Energy Shelter House ; MeSH' that can be inhabited for a long time. And measure the indoor Environmental performance. 'Mobile Energy Shelter House : MeSH' was made by reflecting Passive Design, Universal Design. Also, thermal insulation that meets the 'Korea standard insulation' for use low energy. Winter season, measuring temperature, humidity, air velocity and radiation temperature when floor heating that temperature controllers ware installed is used. Confirmed the data for the 8:00pm to 8:00am because evening hours are expected as residents live. Average outdoor temperature was $-11.3^{\circ}C$ and Indoor temperature was from $16.09^{\circ}C$ to $20.63^{\circ}C$. Calculated the TDRi of the window surface for checked condensation risk. TDRi value was 0.185. Furthermore, PMV value was -0.08 to -0.85. It was satisfied to ISO comfort criterion ranged.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1096-1102
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• 2013

The useful practical land shall be reserved when an artificial land covers the railway and road. However, the problem is that since the artificial land places directly on the top of noise sources likely on the railway and road there will arise the weak points, noise and vibration. On this study based on creating the artificial land on the top of a railway vehicle base and placing a tenement on that land, it was comprehended the noise influence from the railway car through the simulation. In order to secure the input value for the simulation, at first measured the noise condition of the railway station building and the railway vehicle base. The output value for the railway station building (place A) was around (53.6~57.6) dB(A), the equivalent continuous sound level for an hour, and for the railway station building (place B) it was around (63.7~68.9) dB. The maximum outdoor noise of the tenement on the artificial land was measured as 64.1 dB(A) under the fixed condition on the simulation modeling. The built purpose of placing the artificial land to prevent the noise influence from the railway met the expectation to be less influenced on the tenement. Rather, because of placing the artificial land the noise level on the lower space could be increased so there requires having a noise control.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2017

Obtaining accurate visibility measurements is a common atmospheric optical problem, and of vital significance to civil aviation. To effectively evaluate and improve the accuracy of visibility measurements, an outdoor atmospheric simulation chamber with dimensions of $1.8{\times}1.6{\times}55.7m^3$ was constructed. The simulation chamber could provide a relatively homogeneous haze environment, in which the visibility varied from 10 km to 0.2 km over 5 hours. A baseline-changing visibility measurement system was constructed in the chamber. A mobile platform (receiver) was moved from 5 m to 45 m, stopping every 5 m, to measure and record the transmittance. The total least-squares method was used to fit the extinction coefficient. During the experiment conducted in the chamber, the unit weight variance was as low as $1.33{\times}10^{-4}$ under high-visibility conditions, and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was as high as 0.99 under low-visibility conditions, indicating high stability and accuracy of the system used to measure the extinction coefficients and strong consistency between repeated measurements. A Grimm portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS) was used to record the aerosol distribution, and then Mie theory was used to calculate the extinction coefficients. The theoretical results were found to be consistent with the measurements and exhibited a positive correlation, although they were higher than the measured values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.73-91
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• 2014

Recently the countries breeding bears such as China and Vietnam are promoting a policy that gives relief to wild animals through agreement with AAF and WSPA. Currently our country has lacking breeding space for the increased number of bred bears due to the prohibition of bear import and export from joining the CITES in 1992. There needs to be a place that treats, protects accepts breed bears in the terms of animal welfare. The bear park was hoped to be designed as a means to give relief to bears and promote harmony with the local society, and is made of parking area, waiting area, visitors center, treatment research management facilities, restaurants, food warehouse, food store, bear museum, sanitation facilities, gondola, plaza, rehabilitation area for wild animals, outdoor exhibition center, direct indirect experience area of wild animals, resting facilities and areas, photo zones, bear playground, bear experiencing facilities, fences, information facilities, tree protection facilities and more. The design can be used as a reference in examining alternative measures following the future change in breeding policy as a bear park example which reflected the ecology of a bear in the term of animal welfare.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to bring light on the characteristics of the transition in the Ddeulzip. The subject of this study is clan village of Pungsan Kim's family in Andong Cultural Area. Architectural transition of Ddeulzip is analyzed into three part. The first part is settlement of family. In this process, there is a background and many types of settlement. The second part is the extension of family. The extensional types are 'near-by branch' and 'far-away branch'. The last part is variation of housing. Spacial requests of residence are changed endlessly. Thus the spacial types of Ddeulzip are changed by the construction time of building. In many case, we couldn't decide the building period. The genealogy of Chosun Dynasty is the base of family history. In this study, the construction activity of Ddeulzip is based on the genealogy. The phylogenetic tree of Ddeulzip in clan village is constructed by the genealogy. The figures of the type of bunch of grapes is made by phylogenetic tree based on the genealogy. Omi Village in Andong was settled at first in the 15C. The cause of settlement is the aim of escape from political oppression. For long time, Omi Village is developed gradually. There area is divided in some small family boundary. There spacial types are contained the characteristics of many times. Orock Village in Bonghwa is settled for search of best environment in the last of 17C. At that time, a lot of families of same clan are gathered in that village. For short time, Orock Village is enlarged quickly. Thus there spacial type is similar each other. But boundary of entire space of outdoor is constructed clearly by pavilion area, housing area and sanctuary area.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.20-31
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a single view-based technique for the estimation of human height and position. Conventional techniques for the estimation of 3D geometric information are based on the estimation of geometric cues such as vanishing point and vanishing line. The proposed technique, however, back-projects the image of moving object directly, and estimates the position and the height of the object in 3D space where its coordinate system is designated by a marker. Then, geometric errors are corrected by using geometric constraints provided by the marker. Unlike most of the conventional techniques, the proposed method offers a framework for simultaneous acquisition of height and position of an individual resident in the image. The accuracy and the robustness of our technique is verified on the experimental results of several real video sequences from outdoor environments.