• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2015

Objective:To study the sources of indoor noise, its effects on human health, noise assessment and regulation through the use of standards, and techniques used to reduce noise. Background: Noise significantly affects the living environment, and there are an increasing number of reports of its impacts on human health. Method: We reviewed domestic and foreign data regarding environmental noise, and examined its effects and the standards used to regulate noise levels. Results: We describe the major sources of indoor noise and suggest possible legal standards, as well as recommended criteria for the control of noise. Conclusion: South Korea has higher legal standards of environmental noise than international standards in terms of threshold values. People in Korea are exposed to various sources of noise, and therefore the reduction of noise is urgently required. Application: Depending on the features of indoor spaces, an appropriate degree of indoor noise can be determined and techniques to reduce excess noise are required.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

Active sunlighting systems have been applied to deliver sunlight into the indoor space where natural light is insufficient, mainly because of the congested high-rise buildings in urban areas. Among various active sunlighting systems, a mirror sunlighting system which is simple structure and economically reasonable has been widely used in different types of spaces such as underground, north facing place and atrium. This study was to evaluate the mirror sunlighting systems, which were consisted of the first mirror of $3.5m{\times}2.5m$, the eight sets of the second mirrors of $1.0m{\times}1.25m$ and a sun tracker. Ten sets of the systems were installed for 40 apartment living rooms, the configuration of $3.5m(W){\times}4.0m(D){\times}2.5m(H)$ where sunlighting were not possible due to high retaining walls located in the front of the living rooms. The 45 HOBO data logger sensors for the indoor illuminance were equipped and 2 Li-cor photometers for outdoor illuminance. Both indoor and outdoor horizontal illuminances were monitored every second from 9am to 3pm on 17 January 2010 under clear sky condition. The results showed that the indoor illuminance of installed mirror sunlighting system was significant relationship with outdoor illuminance and increased the indoor illuminance level by 4.2 times on the whole floor space, by 8 times on the sun patch space of 6m2 and even by 2 times on the no sun patch space. In addition, the luminous conditions of the living room under real sky conditions met the KS recommendation for difficult task (600-1000-1500 lux) such as sewing and reading on whole floor space and sun patch space. It was proved that the benefits of mirror sunlighting systems included an effective technology for penetrating daylight into indoors where sunlighting was not possible and improving occupants' satisfaction and health, and contributing to energy saving in apartments during daytime.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2013

최근 실내 공간 사용자들을 대상으로 한 서비스의 관심이 증가하고 있다. 실내 위치추적 시스템은 다양한 무선통신 인프라를 활용하여 측위 오차의 범위를 최소화 할 수 있고 이동통신망과 결합하여 실내 측위 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 하지만 환경에 상관없이 유연하게 동작하는 위치추적 시스템의 기술은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 체계화된 실내 위치추적 비즈니스 모델에 관한 연구가 더욱 필요한 시점이다. 본 논문의 목적은 실내 외 위치추적 시스템의 측위기술 차이점을 분류하고 실내 위치추적 시스템에 적용되는 무선통신 방식(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RFID, UWB, Fingerprint 등)의 기술방식과 다양한 국내 외 구축사례 및 활용사례를 연구하고 이를 통해 성공적인 실내 위치추적 시스템 모델 설정과 향후 시스템 발전방향을 제시한다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

The international concern on the inhalable fine dust is continuing to increase. In addition to the toxic properties of the fine dust itself, it can be more dangerous than other environmental factors since the dust pollution is hard to be detected by human sense. Although the information on outdoor air condition can be acquired easily, the indoor dust concentration is another problem because the indoor air condition is influenced by the architectural environment and human activity. It means occupants may be exposed to indoor dust pollution over a long period without being aware. Therefore the indoor dust concentration should be measured separately and visualized as an intuitive information. By visualizing, the indoor dust concentration in each space can be recognized practically in compare with the degree of pollution in adjacent spaces. Besides the visualization outcome can be used as base data for related research such as an analysis of the relation between indoor dust concentration and architectural environment. Meanwhile, with the development of network and micro sensing devices, it became possible to collect wide range of indoor environment data. In this regards, this paper suggests a system for visualization of indoor dust concentration and demonstrates it on an actual space.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

The campus outdoor space in each city is a very important space for students and local residents. Especially, for students, indoor space such as classroom is the main place to learn knowledge. But the outdoor space provides an opportunity to interact with people in other sectors and it also gives an opportunity that can make students sense the flow of the times. Moreover, students have the opportunity to integrate knowledge of the other fields in the outdoor space. The campus also provides an important resting place for residents. Therefore the campus should be convenient for both local residents and students, and should be designed to let students and local residents communicate with each other in outdoor space. This study attempts to identify the problems of the outdoor space in such a point. The high scores of campus evaluation indexes are as follows: First, the lighting in the favorite space and installing seats in a green space of the vestibule get the highest score. Also, separation of a sidewalk and a roadway, the ease of holding events, simple food and beverage near the entrance, the interacting place of people, the resting place near the porch in cold winter, the lighting in a bus stop and parking lot also get good evaluations.

• 교육시설
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2003

This study investigates the physical characteristics of indoor rest zones using the Space Syntax Method. A conceptual framework is based on analysis of design works presented in competitions(544 rest zones of 24 buildings on 7 campuses). The analysis on the unit type of rest zones showed that they were mostly available as open type, followed by semi-open type and outdoor rest places. On the other hand, by classifying the shape of whole building into traffic lines and nodal points, it was found that the buildings with 3 or more traffic lines have lower availability than others, because the buildings required more nodal points along a little higher complexity and zoning formed at increased nodal points between building masses. The analysis on the location of rest zones on traffic lines showed that hall type was most excellent in the level of availability. Finally, the analysis on the floor height showed that hall-like open rest places and outdoor places like rooftop garden functioned as a factor to enhance the integration of different spaces. In conclusion, this research will help the follow-up studies make spatial creation planning that may enhance the spatial efficiency and availability of Indoor rest zones on the campus.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate that to see how their traditional characteristics were reflected and expressed in Hanoi vietnamese contemporary public restaurants. For this, We visited Hanoi twice to have onsite research in August 2012 and 2013. According to the results of surveying Vietnamese public restaurants, all of the 12 cases had humane characteristics reflecting Vietnam traditional culture, showing Vietnamese unique traditional characteristics including intangible elements such as natural environment, life culture elements such as food culture, and formative aesthetic elements using indigenous ornaments. Different from luxury restaurants that had trade names on the theme of historical stories related to people or places and expressed various concepts formatively using photographs of Vietnamese politics and history and ornamental elements such as tableware, however, the public restaurants were simple in theme or concept. It is probably because most of the surveyed cases were situated in the old quarter to the north of the Hoan Kiem Lake and in the area to the west of the lake and their target customers were local people, so they reflected the Vietnamese traditional residence style and common people's life rather than designing the restaurants intentionally with specific concepts. As to the spatial expression characteristics of the surveyed cases, casual restaurants in Hanoi expressed only basic structure using basic construction materials and techniques with outdoor spaces in the form of Vietnam traditional tube house, and therefore, the overall atmosphere was contemporary. In indoor spaces as well, the general level was low, using uncharacteristic common design and color and cheap finishing materials and furniture. 83% of all cases showed the pattern of VM-VM-VT, being mainly contemporary by partially adopting Vietnamese unique ornamental elements for their outdoor and indoor spaces and using traditional elements supplementarily.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2016

이동객체에 관한 연구를 위하여서는 이동객체 데이터가 필요하다. 예를 들어 이동객체 질의처리 방법의 성능연구를 위하여서는 이동객체의 벤치마크 데이터가 있어야 실험이 가능하다. 이러한 이유로 도로나 실외 공간을 움직이는 가상의 이동객체를 성성하는 도구가 만들어졌다. 반면에 실내공간은 실외공간과 달리 독특한 특징을 가지고 있으며, 실내공간 이동객체 데이터 생성기는 이를 반영하여 만들어져야 한다. 지금까지 몇 개의 실내공간에 대한 이동객체 생성기가 개발되었으나, 이동궤적이 사실적이지 않은 문제점이 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 논문에서는 실내공간의 가상적 이동객체를 생성하는 도구를 소개한다. 이 도구는 다음과 같은 특징을 가지고 있다. 첫번째, 이동객체는 보행자를 위하여 설정하였다. 두 번째로 다양한 이동객체의 요소를 변수모델로 표현할 수 있도록 하였다. 보행자의 수, 보행자 평균속도와 같이 단순한 것에서 보행자 사이의 최소거리, 이동 패턴과 같은 복잡한 내용을 사용자가 변수로 설정할 수 있도록 하였다. 세 번째로, 보행자의 현실적인 특징을 반영하도록 노력하였다. 그리고, 마직막으로 데이터의 상호운영성을 위하여 국제공간정보 표준인 IndoorGML로 표현된 실제 대규모 쇼핑몰의 실내공간을 대상으로 이동객체 데이터의 생성을 적용하여보았다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2013

최근 위치 정보의 이용이 여러 분야에 걸쳐 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 실외에서는 위치 정보의 획득을 위해 일반적으로 GPS 기술을 사용하였으나, 복잡한 실내 공간에서는 벽, 기둥과 같은 물리적인 장애물들로 인해 발생한 다중경로 간섭으로 무선 근거리통신망, RFID, 블루투스 등의 무선 네트워크 기술을 적용한 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 위치 측정 기술들은 센싱 인프라스트럭쳐 구축비용이 많이 들며, 측위에 있어 계산 집약적이고, 실내 구조에 따른 정확도의 변화가 발생하는 한계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계점을 보완하고자 복합용도건물 내에서 쉽게 획득 및 식별이 가능한 상가, 컨벤션 센터 및 오피스의 전화번호, 방 번호, 상호명과 같은 서술 데이터를 이용하여 위치를 추출한다. 이 과정에서 문자 매칭을 활용하며, 위치 추정에 있어 신속한 계산과 실내 환경에 따른 정확도 변화를 배제하기 위해 지오코딩 방법을 적용한다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법을 아키텍쳐로 설계하며, 구현을 위해 3차원 가시화 프로그램을 개발한다. 또한 제한된 기법에서의 매칭률, 프로세싱 시간을 통하여 정략적으로 평가한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand consumer values derived from products by the contemporary consumers, as the meaning of a product is extended from the functional utilities to the mediums of fulfilling consumer values. Consumer values have been researched from the marketers' perspectives and, thus, the scales to measure consumer values tend to be too abstract and not always reflective of the consumers' perspectives. Holbrook's typology of consumer values is utilized and the products are classified into four groups according to the product characteristic of the utilitarian versus hedonic, and the consumption spaces of the indoor and outdoor. The findings are as follows. First, the values of efficiency, excellence, ethics, and spirituality are more likely derived from utilitarian products, while the value of play is more likely derived from the hedonic products. Second, the values of efficiency, excellence, and ethics are more likely derived from the indoor products, and values of playfulness, esthetics, status, and respect are more likely derived from the outdoor products. Third, the most frequently mentioned values are the efficiency, playfulness, and status. Fourth, the list of products answered as being representative for four types of products are short to include obvious products such as TV, mobile phone, computer, car, refrigerator, and MP3 player. Both the utilitarian and hedonic values are derived from TV, computer, and mobile phone, while the utilitarian value from refrigerator and car, and the hedonic value from MP3 player, digital camera, and game consoles. The results imply that consumer values should be carefully understood and reflected in developing new products in order to successfully fulfill consumers' underlying needs and requirements.