• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.8-17
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• 2018

A large urban region in Bangkok, Thailand is often inundated due to shallow water floods along the paved roads that have poor drainage facilities, and that can cause urban flooding. Existing methods, including using sand bags are not effective to prevent flooding in urban areas where the amount of sand is not sufficient. Thus, it is necessary to install artificial flood defense structures. However flooding and overflow defense equipment, which was developed in some advanced nations in Europe and in the USA, is highly expensive and complex construction methods are needed, therefore they are not suitable to be used in Southeast Asia. Thus, it is necessary to develop a flood rapid defense system(FRDS), which is inexpensive and simple to build, but is also highly functional. Thus, this study developed an FRDS that can be applied to Southeast Asia through the careful study of FRDS overviews, an analysis on the development trends in Korea and overseas, and the proposal of development needs and directions of the region. For the system developed, Korean Standards(KS) performance evaluations on leakage ratio deformation tests and impact resistance tests were conducted at the Outdoor Demonstration Test Center(Seosan) in the Korea Conformity Laboratories(KCL) and the system satisfied the standards of KS F 2639(leakage and deformation test) and KS F 2236(impact resistance test). The present study results can not only be applied to urban floods in Southeast Asian nations to cope with flood-related disasters, but also be utilized in flood prone regions and for major facilities in Korea. They can also induce scientific and pro-active responses from major local governments and facility management organizations in relation to urban floods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.272-277
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• 2019

In this paper, a manufacturing method of an anti-glare cover glass on LCD for outdoor use is proposed. The main specification of cover glass is hardness and anti-glare. Hardness is achieved by using the tempered glass, and anti-glare(AG) film is laminated to meet anti-glare specification no the tempered glass. However, the AG film is difficult to maintain the AG performance continuously because the abrasion resistance of the PET film itself is as weak as about 3H. Therefore, a novel production procedure using screen printing method is proposed. The proposed coating is implemented by applying $ZnO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ powder on glass surface and the glass is made with enhanced hardness through tempering process. In order to apply the ZBS powder uniformly on the glass surface, a screen printing process is used. The main parameters to be considered in screen printing are the oil concentration and mesh opening size. Because the amount of ZBS powder applied to the printing process is controlled by these two parameters, the correlativity is confirmed through the experiments. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the haze, surface roughness and transmittance are selected as the performance index and are compared with the AG film. As a result of comparison, it is verified that the transmittance of the proposed tempered glass is 83.1%, which is slightly lower than 89.5% of AG film, but the hardness is more than double to 7H.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2019

With the aging of the population and the slowdown of the job market, elderly workers make up a large portion of the construction workforce. Also, due to the nature of the construction industry, where outdoor work is frequent, the weather has a more sensitive impact on elderly workers than on younger ones. The study aims to analyze the degree of weather risks exposed to elderly workers in the construction industry using the measure of work loss days. To that end, construction accidents that affected 28,514 elderly workers in seven cities from 2012 to 2016 (a total of 12,789 days) were analyzed to calculate work loss days per different weather factors. The results show that the elderly workers were seriously affected when the temperature was between $-12^{\circ}C$ and $-10^{\circ}C$, humidity between 55% and 60%, precipitation between 128mm and 181mm, and wind speed between 5.5m/s and 6.5m/s, with the highest work loss days. The combined effects between the weather factors were also analyzed to identify the conditiosn that leaded to high work loss days of elderly workers. This study contributes to effective safety management and pleasant working environment between weather factors and shedding light on the relationship between weather factors and work loss days of elderly workers.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.582-590
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• 2018

Although there are many studies of the effect of climate change on the breeding phenology and community diversity of amphibians, the studies of variations in reproductive population size of individual species according to climate change are still lacking. We examined the effect of climate change on the reproductive population size of Rana huanrenensis and Hynobius leechii, which bred in mountain valleys, by surveying the reproductive population of the two species between 2005 and 2012 and analyzing the correlation between the variation of the outdoor population and the surrounding climate change factors, obtained from a meteorological observatory located at 5.6 km from the study site. The size of the reproductive population of the two species commonly fluctuated with aan pproximately 3.5-year cycle. That of H. leechii, in particular, decreased significantly over eight years. The air temperature tended to more closely relate with the reproductive population size of R. huanrenensis as was the case of the precipitation with that of H. leechii. The yearly mean highest temperature and spring mean temperature variation consistently decreased over the eight years, and the latter was related with the significantly decreased size of H. leechii reproductive population. These results showed that recent climate change directly could affect the reproductive population size of amphibians, particularly H. leechii, which breeds in mountain valleys.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a STEAM program for teaching climate change through CLAMP (Climate-Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) paleoclimate inquiry in connection with high school 'Integrated Science' subject. In order to do so, we analyzed the 2015 revised national curriculum and science textbook in terms of the PDIE instructional design model, and developed the teaching-learning materials for 10 class hours through expert panel discussion and pilot test. According to the STEAM class procedure, in the situation presentation stage, the fossil leaves were collected from the dicotyledon plants near school, and the LMA (Leaf Margin Analysis) climate inquiry activity. was presented as the learning goal. During the creative design stage, students were taught about geology and leaf fossils in the study region, and CLAMP input data (31 characteristics of morphotype and leaf architectural of fossil leaves) were given. In the emotional experience and new challenge stage, we collected leaf fossils for outdoor learning, explored paleoclimate with CLAMP method, and promoted climatic literacy in the process of discussing tendencies and causes of Cenozoic's climate change. The validity of the development program was assessed (CVI .84) as being suitable for development purpose in all items through the process of establishing reliability among expert panel. In order to apply the program to the high school, a pilot test was conducted to supplement the discrepancies and to review the suitability. The satisfaction rate of the participants was 4.48, and the program was complemented with their opinions. This study will enable high school students to have practical knowledge and reacting volition for climate change, and contribute to fostering students' climate literacy.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2019

Smart phone based navigation applications are very useful in everyday life. Cost-effective and user friendly navigation can be provided to the user by many applications available in market. Using the Smart phone these navigation applications provide accurate navigation for outdoor locations. But providing an accurate navigation underground space such as subway station is still a challenge. It is hence more convenient and appropriate for mobility services if the visitors could simply view the guidance of the subway station on their mobile phone, wherever and whenever it is needed. This study develops a algorithm for indoor navigation with the help of Augmented Reality(AR) and QR marker code from the entrance to the train platform for users. This indoor navigation uses AR and QR maker codes for two purposes: to provide the user link to the subway station location and to provide the current guidance details to the user. This Smart phone algorithm that uses a smart phone optical tool to decode the QR marker to determine the location information and provide guidance to the AR without indoor Maps. This algorithm also provides a module to guide mobility vulnerable to the Barrier Free route to destination.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2019

R-404A, which is used widely in small-scale ice makers, is scheduled to be phased out because of its high global warming potential. In this study, drop-in tests were conducted using R-448A and R-449A, which replace R-404A, to modify the outdoor air and supply water temperatures. The results showed that the daily ice production rate of R-404A was 5.3% higher than that of R-448A and 4.2% higher than that of R-449A. This was attributed to the larger vapor density of R-404A, which resulted in a larger mass flow rate in the system. Between R-448A and R-449A, R-448A yielded a larger amount of ice at low air and water temperatures, whereas R-449A yielded a larger amount of ice at high air and water temperatures. The daily power consumption of R-404A was approximately 10% larger than those of R-448A and R-449A. The resulting COPs of R-448A and R-449A was similar, only 3.0% larger than that of R-404A. The literature survey showed that the condensation or evaporation data of R-448A or R-449A are very limited, and research on this issue is recommended.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.48
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• pp.261-288
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• 2012

This paper attempts to research on the new language in the directing of Ara Kim. She was cranky on working on the stage to experiment with her own style since the 1980s and so opened a new dawn in modern Korean theatre. She leaded the Korean experimental theatre. The background of this experiment is her idea on theatre. And here, we have to look the subject that she setted for the work in Chuksan: Ritual Past, Ritual Present. To her, the theatre has the function of ritual and fest. The theatre suggests universal tragedy given to human as natural life force and has its own agenda to drive people to healing. For it, Ara Kim explores archetypal forms and languages before the fragmentation of genres of art. Her theatre shows the results of experiments in which such languages are recreated with modernized sensibilities. We here, for example by outdoor performance in Chuksan Human Lear, try to interpret the aesthetic principles that body out her ritual theatre. And what we looked at though, is the base of the 'complex-genre-music-theatre', the methode to 'compose' the stage elements and put it all together. The directing of Ara Kim has, in terms of the composition of the stage elements, much of the indisputable artistic value. Her theatre is, so to speak, theatre of image, and it is theatre of imagination that completed by the audience's imagination. Human Lear which has its own characteristic in image fragments, convert the original Lear into a simple tale. It serves as background of the modern ritual that shows the most basic human instincts. We meet in Human Lear a ritual tale with some list of image for the human instincts. The arrangement of image, the montage of scene shows the performance as a kind of artistic space. In Human Lear the space is the natural one. It centers around the arena stage. The objects installed in the space changes it into the laboratory for 'seeing' the happening. The spectators see the performance and at the same time see themselves in the nature laboratory. They see, and equally, they are visible objects. They see the performance and us in the space in which the performance takes place. That is what Ara Kim with her modern ritual really aims. That aim is to this days still in effect. It is a major driver of her experiments to extend the boundary of the theatre. The ritualistic site-specific performance in Akor Wat, Cambodia, A Song of Mandala is the latest great product from her experiments. On the other hand, she continues on her way to experiment with pure stage elements. The 'Station' series(Station of Water, The Station of Sand, The Station of Wind) she recently showed are the non-verbal performance with all the stage elements: movement, sound, body, light, colour, objects and so on.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.855-865
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• 2018

Sound event detection is one of the research areas to model human auditory cognitive characteristics by recognizing events in an environment with multiple acoustic events and determining the onset and offset time for each event. DCASE, a research group on acoustic scene classification and sound event detection, is proceeding challenges to encourage participation of researchers and to activate sound event detection research. However, the size of the dataset provided by the DCASE Challenge is relatively small compared to ImageNet, which is a representative dataset for visual object recognition, and there are not many open sources for the acoustic dataset. In this study, the sound events that can occur in indoor and outdoor are collected on a larger scale and annotated for dataset construction. Furthermore, to improve the performance of the sound event detection task, we developed a dual CNN structured sound event detection system by adding a supplementary neural network to a convolutional neural network to determine the presence of sound events. Finally, we conducted a comparative experiment with both baseline systems of the DCASE 2016 and 2017.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.65-89
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the science concepts and teaching and learning methods presented in the science education-related activities of the Nuri Curriculum teacher guidebooks for ages 3-5. Methods: The research data included 772 activities related to science education in the teachers' guidebook. The analysis of science concepts was based on physical science (force and motion, physical structure, electricity and magnetism, light and shadow, sound properties), chemistry (material properties, material reaction), life science (organizational structure, growth and change, heredity and evolution, animal plant and human relationships), earth science (earth system interaction, earth system structure, and universe), engineering (designed world, engineering design, engineering, technology and society) and ecology (environment preservation). Teaching and learning methods were analyzed according to the types of small and large group activities and of free play activities. Results: Science concepts were mainly presented in the fields of engineering, chemistry, and life science commonly among children aged 3-5, whereas the concepts of physical science were lowly presented in all ages. Science concepts appeared mainly in the daily subjects of 'animal plant and nature', 'life tools', 'environment and life', and 'spring, summer, autumn and winter'. As the teaching and learning method, free paly activities (science area, free outdoor selection activity, math and manipulative activity) were mostly used for the ages of 3 and 4, and small and large group activities (cooking, story sharing, music activity) were for the age of 5. Conclusion/Implications: It is necessary to select the level of science area and concept that can be taught according to the age of children and the timing of the teaching.