• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-82
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• 2009

Virtual community is a social aggregation to attain some goals in an IT-supported virtual space (Lee et al., 2002). As lots of virtual communities generate robust and reliable outputs with low control and low incentive, previous researchers was interested in the questions, "why do they participate?" or "how are they controlled?". But. as Katz (1964) said, the most important part of the high-performing organization is the behaviors of members in the organization. Therefore, this research is to examine the relationship between the performance and the behaviors of participants in the virtual community. First, we propose 6 types of behaviors related to high performance in the virtual community: 'Continuous Attendance', 'Complying with the organizational value, policies, and regulations', 'Protection', 'Suggestion for the improving', 'Self-training', and 'Favorable behavior'. The six types of behaviors are extracted from the framework of Katz (1964) and Brief and Motowidlo (1986). The reason why each behavior is positively related with high-performance is that those who continuously attend have more responsibility than temporary participants do; complying with the rules of a virtual community means that they may make more reliable outcome; 'Protection' is one of the prosocial-behaviors and those who protect the community may concern the benefit of the virtual community when they participate: those who suggest some ideas for improvement may contribute to the virtual community; 'Self-training' behavior means that participants really want to have high quality in their contribution: those who have 'Favorable attitude' consider other members in the virtual community when they participate. Then, we perform an empirical analysis with the survey from participants in the Knowledge service of Naver.com, to show those behaviors are associated with the high-performance. To make the measurement for the six behaviors, we use CVR (content validity ratio) method (Lawshe, 1975), interviewing 12 experts. The dependent variable, performance of participation, is measured by 'ratio of selected answer' given by the Naver.com. We use email survey. We sent 1200 emails to randomly selected participants in the knowledge service and received 282 responses. The results of our empirical analysis show that 4('Continuous Attendance', 'Suggestion for the improving', 'Self-training', 'Favorable attitude') are positively related to the performance, but 2('Complying with the organizational value, policies, and regulations' and 'Protection') are not significant. In line with Fitzgerald (2006), we expect that participants in the virtual community may behave similarly to employees in the off-line firms for the high performance. But 2 behaviors have different results. The reason that the 'Complying with the organizational value' behavior is not sufficiently related to performance is that the motivation of participants is more related to intrinsic pleasure or altruism than external reward. Also, the 'Protection' behavior has no significant relationship with performance, which means that the high-performing participants have little concern about the problems in the community.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.297-305
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• 1998

Recently, several alternatives have been attempted in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to reduce morbidity of traditional transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Among new modalities, transurethral electrovaporization (TEVP) is considered as a promising alternative. To evaluate the safety and initial efficacy of JEVP using the roller loop electrode (ProSurg Inc. USA) on BPH patients, we compared the results of TEVP with those of TURP and visual laser ablation of the prostate (VLAP). In this study, a total of 115 patients with symptomatic BPH were underwent TEVP (n=17), TURP (n=59) or VLAP (n=39) since 1995. Before treatment, patients were evaluated with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the measurement of maximal uroflow rate (MFR) and postvoid residual urine (PVR). After treatment, the operative and hospital records were reviewed. The uroflowmetry and IPSS were re-evaluated 3-10 months after treatment. In clinical outcome of re-evaluation compared to the preoperative parameters, there was a clinically significant improvement in three procedures. TEVP resulted in 62% reduction in IPSS (TURP, 73% : VLAP, 69%), 84% improvement in MFR (TURP, 113% : VLAP, 91%), and 74% reduction in PVR (TURP, 88% : VLAP, 78%). TEVP had shorter duration of hospitalization and catheterization than the others. TEVP was associated with lower rates of treatment-related complication than TURP. In conclusions, TEVP is considered as a useful procedure to treat symptomatic BPH. And, the advantages of TEVP over TURP include excellent intraoperative hemostasis, lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay and simple technique. In addition the advantages over VLAP include lower cost, shorter duration of catheterization and early symptom improvement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.493-506
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and competence level of trainees of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training targeted for nursing students. 70 nursing students of Y nursing college are recruited as subjects from Dec. 1st, 1998 through Dec. 8th. 1998. For the pre-test. demographic data related to CPR and knowledge of CPR were evaluated. For the post-test, the next week of pre-test, three difference groups of subjects were tested their knowledge of CPR. CPR training was designed by two components which were 90 mins lecture and demonstration by one professor and individual practice using two educational models with two professors. As the tool of measurement estimating pre or post knowledge of CPR. questionnaires were developed based on self-diagnosis questionnaires of American Heart Association(AHA). The questionnaires were multiple choices (50 questions) and open end questions regarding CPR process. Each multiple choices questions valued 2 points (Score varied min. 0 point to max 100 points.). Collected data were computerized and analyzed by SPSS-WIN. Frequency and percentage of each questions analyzed. The differences of the knowledge and competency level of subjects between pre and post test was analyses by paired t-test. The followings are research outcome. 1. In the pre-test, 95% of subjects answered that they already knew what CPR was. but only 82% described correctly what CPR was. 49% learned CPR before, and 80s5 of them learned at high school. 2. 37 questions scores increases, and 10 questions scores decreased. 3 questions didnt change their score. After getting training, ratio of 80% correct score significantly increased 4 times. 3. In post-test. knowledge level of trainees increased compared to that of pre-test. (t=-15.075, p=.000) 4. Competence level also increased (t=-14.86, p=.00). In result, after getting CPR training, most CPR knowledge increased except open the air tract, toddler CPR, and alternative behavior when the air tract is blocked. CPR training needs to extend the educational scope not only CPR lecture but also psychomotor skill practice. CPR trainees are in need of appropriate feedback as well as enough opportunities of skill practice.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2012

The proximity of thoracic aortic aneurysm to the left subclavian artery (LSA) has made the coverage of LSA during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) be essential. Despite controversy concerning the safety of LSA coverage and the indications for LSA revascularizations, the cerebral hemodynamic change after LSA coverage has not been demonstrated. We prospectively examined two patients who would undergo TEVAR with LSA coverage by using 2D cine phase contrast MR imaging. After LSA coverage, the left subclavian steal was properly compensated by the increased flow volumes of both carotid arteries and right vertebral artery, which is the major collateral supply. The total brain supply after TEVAR did not lessen, which showed good correlation with uneventful clinical outcome. Therefore, 2D phase contrast MR imaging can be recommended as a useful technique to evaluate the hemodynamic change of the LSA coverage during TEVAR and to triage the candidate for LSA revascularization.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends of resourcefulness researche studies for suggesting the future direction of study. Study design, types of subjects, measurement tools, study concept, and outcome were examined by reviewing 61 research studies published from 1980 to 1999. The results were as follows: 1. There were 24 works in the 1980s and 37 works in 1990, according to the published year of resourcefulness study. Nonexperimental studies like descriptive study, correlational study and comparative study were more frequent than experimental studies. 2. Research studies that consisted of 30- 100 subjects were the most numerous with 27 studies in all. The majority of study subjects was shown as healthy students and depressive patients. 3. Most studies used Rosenbaum's Self Control Schedule(SCS) for assessing resourcefulness. Reliabilities of resourcefulness researches were cronbach ${\alpha}=.70$ or more. According to statisitical tests done for internal validity, SCS was negatively correlated to maladaptation. Factor analysis revealed that the most parsimonious structure was 3 to 6 factors. The total communality variance in the SCS was about 40 %. Other tools used with the SCS were about coping, depression, satisfaction of life and symptoms, self management and health promotion. 4. In correlational studies, concepts like depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms were related to resourcefulness negatively. Adaptive functioning, life satisfaction and self achievement had positive correlations to resourcefulness. 5. Studies on comparison between a healthy person and depressive patient or smoker and non-smoker were done. There were coping, depression, symptom, self efficacy, health problem and self-control as comparative concepts. 6. Study subjects consisted of depressive patients in 9 of 18 experimental studies. The majority of studies were done with cognitive-behavioral therapy as an experimental intervention. The most effective treatment was revealed in high resourcefulness group. Since the above findings, resourcefulness research increased since 1980 and mostly non-experimental design for quantitative study were done. In the field of nursing, research about resourcefulness was in an initial stage. It is expected that further research needed to be done. Recommendations on the basis of the present research suggest that it is necessary to replicate studies, develop nursing intervention enhancing resourcefulness and apply it to patients with chronic diseases including cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical stability and function after one-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients who underwent one-stage revision ACL reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft could be evaluated. The average time from primary procedure to revision surgery was 61.8 months. The mean follow-up period was 38.4 months. The bone defects of pre-constructed femoral and tibial tunnels were filled with calcaneal bone attached to Achilles tendon and the new femoral and tibial tunnels were created. Evaluations included the causes of failure of primary ACL reconstruction, Lysholm knee score, Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT-1000 arthrometer measurement. Results: The most common causes of failure of ACL reconstruction were poor surgical techniques in 10 cases (76.9%). Ten patients (76.9%) were good or excellent on the Lysholm score. Twelve patients (92.3%) had negative or 1+firm end Lachman test. Eleven patients (84.6%) had negative pivot shift test. Nine patients (69.2%) had less than 3 mm difference of manual maximum by KT-1000 arthrometer. Conclusion: One-stage revision ACL reconstruction with fresh-frozen Achilles tendon allograft, creating new tunnels after filling bone defects, resulted in a reliable and predictable outcome in terms of stability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to provide useful information for the establishment of efficient policy implementation strategies of forest road construction policy in South Korea. Data needed for the analysis was collected by a questionnaire survey. For the analysis, policy evaluation model was constructed based on theories of public policy. Evaluation model contains three independent variables (policy initiative factor, policy content, policy environment) and two dependent variables (policy result, policy impact). Since, these variables are unobservable latent variables, observable indicators are needed as proxy measures. LISREL (Linear Structural Relationships) was employed for the analysis since it is a useful measure for analysing linear structural model which consists of structural and measurement equations. It was confirmed that forest road construction is an effective policy mean for the development of rural region and activating forest resources management. The policy outcome, however, was not satisfactory. To improve the effectiveness of forest road construction policy some modification of policy contents are needed such as increased construction budget, allowing more flexibility and participation to the implementation personal and providing technical support.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the 2 to 4-year follow-up results after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using transtibial femoral tunnel at 10 or 2 O'clock position. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six ACL reconstructions could be evaluated. Evaluations included 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, Lachman test, Pivot-shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer measurement, 2000 IKDC knee examination and second-look arthroscopy. Results: Seventy-five patients (87.2%) had over 80 in 2000 IKDC subjective knee score. Eighty-three patients (96.5%) had 1+firm end or negative Lachmann test. Seventy-eight patients (90.7%) had a negative Pivot-shift test. Eighty-three patients (96.5%) had less than 5 mm difference by KT-1000 arthrometer. Eighty patients (93.0%) were normal or nearly normal by 2000 IKDC knee examination. Second-look arthroscopy was done in fifteen cases. Nine cases showed good synovialization, four cases showed partial synovialization, two cases showed poor synovialization and graft failure was noted in one case. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using transtibial femoral tunnel at 10 or 2 O'clock position resulted in a good outcome in terms of rotatory stability as well as antero-posterior stability.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.349-354
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• 2011

Introduction: Mandibular third molar extraction is one of the most common procedures performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery units. Although the overall complication rate is low with most complications being minor, mandibular third molar removal is so common that the population morbidity of complications might be significant. Therefore, efforts to limit intraoperative or postoperative complications might have a significant impact in terms of enhancing the patient outcome. The aims of this study were to identify the position and angulation associated complications after mandibular third molar extractions. Materials and Methods: This study surveyed 568 patients who had a mandibular third molar extracted, showed clinical complications and underwent a radiographic measurement of the available space, depth and spatial relationship. Results: The results obtained were as follows: 1. The complications were a dry socket, nerve injury, root rest, infection, bleeding, hamatoma, and adjacent teeth injury. 2. There were no significant differences between the complication and ramus relationship (available space) of the mandibular third molar. 3. There were no significant differences between the complications and depth of the mandibular third molar. 4. There were no significant differences between the complications and spatial relationship of the mandibular third molar. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the complication rate, ramus relationship, depth and spatial relationship of the mandibular third molar. This suggests that the position and angulation of the mandibular third molar may not have an impact on the complications. The relationship between the position and angulation of the mandibular third molar, and complications deserves a further study using longitudinal data.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2020

The dual system in Korea already plays an important role in quantitative terms in the Korean lifelong vocational competency development system. However, since most of the existing dual system performance management plans in Korea focus on qualification-linked dual system, research on the effective performance management of the four-year university-driven dual system is very insufficient. This paper presents multiple measures for developing a performance management system suitable for the university-driven dual system to achieve qualitative improvement of the contract departments of the dual colleges or universities. As an approach to the end, a performance evaluation system is established by developing the evaluation items and indicators for the dual colloeges' contract departments. Next, it analyzes the needs of various stakeholder groups such as field teachers of the involved companies, students in apprenticeship and OJT professors of KOREATECH through FGI's and polls to diagnose the current operational performance, especially the causes of high drpout rates of the contract departments. From these results, the paper presents firstly the development of measuring methods for the developed performance indicators of the evaluation system and then a systemic performance management system which is based on 'input-transformation-outcome-feedback' structure. In addition, some measures for improving the high dropout rate and performance are presented from the viewpoints of each stakeholder.