• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.109-114
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• 2009

Recently, there has been growing interest in the financial and economic effectiveness of service quality and customer satisfaction. It means that the final goal of customer satisfaction is the maximization with firms' financial performance, enterprise could survive through the creation of continuous financial performance. Companies are working in various ways to identify the direct relationship of service quality and customer satisfaction with financial and economic effectiveness in order to justify and validate customer satisfaction management. In this study, the influence of customer satisfaction on the financial performance is examined. Also, we have analyzed customer satisfaction by comparing financial outcome of each industry Customer satisfaction index, the key non-financial performance measure has significant association with firms' financial performance index. Moreover, high customer satisfaction has a competitive advantage, so it can be the key success factor of firm's financial performance improvement.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.369-372
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• 2009

When measuring the luminous flux of a light source at the integrating sphere photometer, it can know the luminous flux to compare the standard lamp with the specimen lamp at the same location. But in case of PLS(plasma lighting system, microwave discharged lamp), that two lamps are cannot be the same location. If the reference illuminant and specimen lamp are cannot measure identical location, we should measure the variation of the luminous flux. For the outcome we can turn out a correction factor to revise and reflect it. But the better way is calibrate the specimen lamp locate the identical location of reference illuminant measured. In this thesis, we've test to find the correction factor for consider that change the measuring location. And it turns out the correction factor. From this, it presents the result to make a select for the reference illuminant which is against the illuminant type for newly produce.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

One of the challenges that online learners face is feeling of isolation and diminishing desire of maintaining active participation during e-learning. Social presence, that is considered to be a vital factor in e-learning, is recently started to receive a support from the field. Although research indicated a significant role of social presence in both learning process and learning outcome, there is no widely accepted measurement scale of social presence. This study, therefore, developed a new scale to measure social presence based on the existing theories and validated it against 723 participants. Nineteen self-report items with three dimensions, co-presence, influence, and cohesiveness, were identified and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a preliminary and a follow-up study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.210-227
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school, based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: A scale was developed to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior. Initial items for direct evaluation were constructed through a literature review, and those for belief-based indirect measure were generated through interviews with 30 second- and third-grade elementary school students. The collected data from 286 third-grade elementary school students were then subjected to item analysis, exploratory and confirmative factor analysis, criterion-related validity testing, and internal consistency assessment. Results: The final scale consisted of 35 items. Intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 82.7% of the variance; behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs explained 65.6% of the variance; and evaluation of outcome, motivation to comply, and power of control beliefs explained 72.8% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical models had a satisfactory goodness of fit. Criterion-related validity was confirmed between the direct evaluation variables and the indirect measure variables (attitudes r=.64, p<.001; subjective norms r=.39, p<.001; perceived behavioral control r=.62, p<.001). Cronbach's α was .89 for the direct evaluation variables and .93 for the indirect measure variables. Conclusion: The scale developed in this study is valid and reliable. It could be used to measure and explain variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.189-201
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• 1997

The primary purpose of this study is to develop a measure of tracking by using a modified kappa statistic. Understanding tracking phenomena in epidemiologic studies is quite important, because precautionary measure can be made in the early stage of the outcome event. Several authors proposed measures of tracking. Among them we compared ours against McMahan's using a simulation study. Finally we applied our procedure and McMahan's to real data. We may conclude that our statistic is adequate in explaining and detecting the tracking phenomenon.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

The ability to maintain an upright position during quiet standing is a useful motor skill. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) is a timed balance test that evaluates somatosensory, visual, and vestibular function for maintenance of upright posture. The Fugl-Meyer Sensorimotor Assessment (FMSA) balance subscale is the functional status assessment that indicates amount of assistance needed during various balance tasks. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is the functional status assessment tool and FIM can be used clinically as an outcome measure. The purpose of this study was to see if the SOT can be used as a evaluation tool to measure hemiplegic patients' balance ability. Thirty-six patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. SOT scores were significantly correlated with FMSA balance scores and FIM scores(p<0.05). However correlation coefficients were not so high (r=0.60, and r=0.51, respectively). Therefore, further study is needed to verify the SOT's usefulness when physical therapists are evaluating for hemiplegic patients' balance ability.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-23
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the physical, psychosocial and physiological effects of Tai Chi exercise in elderly. Method: 37 articles from Medline search of foreign journals (1966-2006) were surveyed by the key words 'Tai Chi', 'Tai-chi program' and 'Tai-chi and elderly' limiting the range to age 65 or older, choosing clinical trial and randomized controlled trial research in English articles. Four articles were excluded due to methodological study, pilot study and review. The research was analyzed according to health status of the subjects, styles and forms of Tai Chi exercises, factors for physical, psychosocial and physiological measures. Result: A short forming Yang style was commonly used in chronic diseases and health for elderly. Variable outcome measures were used in Tai Chi studies relating to balance, muscle strength, walking and mobility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory function in physical measure, quality of life, depression, self-efficacy, health status, cognition and impact questionnaire in psychosocial measure, lipids, insulin resistance and hormone in physiological measure. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise appears to have physical and psychosocial benefits and also appears to be safe for elderly and chronic diseases. It is suggested that future studies analyze statistical part of systematic reviews through meta analysis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.511-519
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• 2012

Objectives : This study investigated the effect of Sinseonbulchuidan (SBD-1) on hangover syndrome. We undertook this study to test whether SBD-1 is effective in preventing the signs and symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. Methods : Fifteen healthy volunteers participated in this double-blind randomized crossover study. All participants received either SBD-1 or indistinguishable placebo capsules before alcohol consumption. The primary outcome measure was the difference in hangover severity scores between SBD-1 and placebo intervention. Secondary outcome measure was the difference in profile of mood states (POMS) between SBD-1 and placebo intervention. Results : After alcohol exposure, the overall symptom scores were significantly decreased in the SBD-1 group compared with those given a placebo. The mean scores for the hangover symptoms were high in the placebo group, and statistical significance was observed in 4 symptom scores (loss of appetite, stomachache, nausea, and total score). There were no differences in the POMS and cognitive performance test results between SBD-1 and placebo intervention. Conclusions : We conclude that the SBD-1 is effective in preventing the signs and symptoms of alcohol-induced hangover. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

Objectives : This article aims to give guidance on the conduct and reporting of case series and audits of acupuncture, based on common problems that have arisen in the past. This type of project, and particularly the prospective case series or pre- post-intervention study, may give valuable evidence of the overall effectiveness of acupuncture-for example in different situations and in different conditions- and provides one step in the research pathway before generating an hypothesis. Results & Discussion : The project should be designed with the aim of reducing bias as much as possible. Careful and detailed planning is essential for the project to produce worthwhile results that readers can evaluate and replicate. Ethical issues should be considered and formal approval may be necessary. The patient group should be recruited systematically and baseline data obtained. The treatment given should be systematic and decisions to change or end treatment made explicit. The outcome should be measured in ways that are known to be reliable and valid. Musculoskeletal problems can be evaluated with scales for pain and confirmed by measuring one other symptom such as stiffness or one other aspect such as bothersomeness. Global change scores also provide supporting information, and the MYMOP (Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile) measure is popular when patients with different conditions are included. The design of questionnaires for beliefs and attitudes is a specialised area that should not be attempted without expert help. Adverse events should also be recorded. Analysis of the data and the best way of summarising and presenting the results are also discussed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2008

Objective This study was performed to investigate whether Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture(BVP) could be a more effective modality than Warm Needling(WN) in relieving pain and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis(OA). Design Prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Setting Single center trial in Korea Patients 49 volunteers with knee OA participated in the study. All the participants were screened through an inclusion and exclusion criteria. 33 participants were completed the clinical trial. Intervention The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received BVP(n=18), while the other group received WN(n=15). Sixteen sessions of BVP or WN were given at the pain region of the problematic knee for 8 weeks. Primary outcome measure is the Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores(Korean WOMAC, KWOMAC). Secondary outcome measure is the physical health scores based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36) and Patient Global Assessment(PGA). KWOMAC and SF-36 were measured third (baseline, 4 and 8 weeks). PGA was measured twice(4 and 8 weeks). Results BVP group showed significant decrease compared to WN group in pain, function and total scores of KWOMAC according to the Mann-Whitney U-test. In the PGA, BVP group, compared to WN group, showed a significant increase. Conclusions BVP was more effective in relieving pain of knee OA than WN. These findings suggest that BVP is a promising alternative for treating knee OA.