• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2017

Purpose Westgard multi-rules application based on test quality improvement and commercialized international standard has been widely used in quality control. However, it is difficult to applicate the Westgard multi-rules in nuclear medicine in vitro tests due to the larger sample sizes and the simultaneous measurement of quality control material and patient sample. This study investigated the usefulness of Westgard multi-rules application in nuclear medicine in vitro tests. Materials and Methods A total of 282 systematic error multi-rules (22s, 101s) recorded in the samsung medical center computer system from January 2013 to June 2016 along with 117 cases of corrective measure record was analyzed. The Quality control implementation is recorded in Hospital information system were divided into 4 high-level areas including quality control material error, experimental procedural error, Kit lot number management error, and others. To prevent quality control material error, the existing method that each staff used their own method was changed. The staff who in charge of managing the quality control material was designated and daily consumption amount of every test was strictly controlled by one person. To prevent other errors, every test step was standardized so that the entire test procedures are identically implemented. Results The total quality control implementation was 117 cases; As a result, 62 quality control material errors were 62 cases, experimental process errors were 24 cases, Kit lot number control errors were 18 cases, and other errors were 13 cases. The quality control material error was corrected and could be used fresh materials within 2 days after thawing. The cases of systemic error were decreased to causes as quality control material error. The quality control materials were reduced above 10 vials to a monthly average. In addition, these errors of experimental processing and Kit lot number were improved by test standardization. Consequently, the cases of 101s and 22s in systematic error rules decreased at least 2 cases to a monthly average. Conclusion To confirm of systematic error through multi-rules application quickly, it is necessary to base on management of the QC material, target values and standard deviation. Moreover, in the event of a systematic error, it was found important to record measures based on test cause analysis. The experiment results are expected to contribute to internal quality control improvement and prompt and accurate result reporting through error recording and causal analysis based on Westgard multi-rules analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2017

Purpose Radioactive iodine thyroid uptake (RAIU) rate is an examination which determines and seeks about general functions of thyroid gland. The size of thyroid gland is normally different between each person, also patients having thyroid diseases have had a variety of size of thyroid gland compared with others. The purpose of this study will investigate about the counting rate which is effected by the geometric factors through the length and volume changes of the source in RAIU rate. Materials and Methods I-131 185 kBq ($5{\mu}Ci$) were placed in a cylindrical phantom of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 3 cm in diameter, respectively, and saline was added to gradually increase the length by 1 cm in the horizontal and vertical directions to give a change in volume. The source was measured 20 times for 20 seconds from a distance of 25 cm to $364.4keV{\pm}20%$ energy ROI with Captus 3000 thyroid uptake system (Capintec, NJ, USA). Results When the source was located in the transverse direction of the detector, the consequence of one-way ANOVA is that even though the length of source is increased each diameter, there is mostly no significant difference. When the source was located in the longitudinal direction and the counting rate of length 1 cm at all diameter is set to 100%, the average is 92.57% for length 2 cm, 86.1% for 3 cm, 80.69% for 4 cm, 74.82% for 5 cm, and 69.68% at 6 cm. Conclusion According to this study, it is expected that the gap of RAIU rate has been depended on the thickness of thyroid gland as well as the diameter of the beaker. We know that the change of the volume with the increase of the length of the source had less effect on the change of the counting rate. Thus, in order to reduce the error in the measurement of the counting rate with the thyroid uptake rate equipment, an accurate counting rate can be relatively measured if the counting rate which is measured is corrected by thickness or the distance between the thyroid and the thyroid uptake rate equipment is changed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different types of hilly pasture grazing on growth and meat quality in organic Korean black goats, and to obtain basic data for the production of organic goats. A total of 40 goats with similar age and BW were equally allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included grazing types of four different hilly pastures; T1: forages types, T2: organic forages types, T3: native plants types, and T4: browse types, respectively. The trial lasted for 174 days from 15th of May to 5th of November, 2007 in Livestock Genetic Resources Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Sciences. At the end of trial, all animals were slaughtered to analyze carcass characteristics and meat quality. Average daily gain was significantly (p<0.05) higher for T1 treatments than for others. Dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.05) higher for T1 and T2 than for T3 and T4 treatments. Meat percentage of T1 treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. For meat properties, crude fat content was highest in T3 treatments. Linoleate (18:2n6) and linolenate (18:3n3) contents tended to be higher in T1 than those of other treatments, while arachidonate (20:4n6) content tended to be higher in T3 and T4 than that of other treatments. Shear force was lower (p<0.05) for T3 than other treatments. For sensory results, juiciness and tenderness tended to be greater (p<0.05) in T2 and T3, and flavour tended to be greater (p<0.05) in T3 and T4. The results indicated that grazing in hilly pastures for organic Korean black goats was somewhat less in their performances and carcass characteristics, but not behind in the meat quality and physical characteristics as compared with the conventional regimen. Therefore, it would be expected that goats grazing in hilly pastures made it possible to produce organic animal products with a high safety and also might lead to increase of breeders income and consumers satisfaction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bacterial inoculation (Lactobacillus plantarum or combo inoculant mixed with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri) and addition of fibrolytic enzyme on chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics of whole crop barley (WCB) and triticale (TRT) silage, their ruminal in vitro fermentation, and digestibility. In TRT silage, enzyme addition significantly (p<0.01) decreased NDF content compared to no enzyme addition treatment. Organic acids such as lactate and acetate contents in WCB and TRT silages were significantly (p<0.01) higher compared to those in the control. Particularly, lactate content was the highest in L. plantarum treatment. Fibrolytic enzyme treatment on both silages had relatively higher lactic acid bacteria content, while mold content was lower in both treatments compared to that in the control. In vitro dry matter digestibility was generally improved in WCB silages. It was higher (p<0.01) in TRT with mixed treatment of L. plantarum, L. buchneri, and enzyme compared to others. In vitro ruminal acetate production was relatively higher in treatments with both enzyme and inoculant additions compared to that in the control. Therefore, the quality of silage and rumen fermentation could be improved by inoculants (L. plantarum and L. buchneri) regardless whether whole crop barley (WCB) or triticale (TRT) silage was used. Although it was found that fibrolytic enzyme addition to both silages had various quality and rumen fermentation values, further study is needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2011

This study was carried out to compare growth characteristics and yield of silage corn hybrids at four different regions (Hwaseong, Dangjin, Gochang and Pyeongchang). Two domestic corn hybrids, 'Kwangpyeongok' and 'Gangdaok', and two imported corn hybrids, 'P3394' and '32P75' were used in this study. Plant height and ear height ratio were not significantly different among corn hybrids. 'Kwangpyeongok' was the strongest of all corn hybrids for lodging. The others except 'Kwangpyeongok' were similar to lodging. All corn hybrids were excellent to stay-green. Incidence of southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis) was low at all corn hybrids. '32P75' was 10.1%, the most of all corn hybrids for incidence of BSDV (black streaked dwarf virus). 'Kwangpyeongok' and 'Gangdaok' were stronger than '32P75' for BSDV. Fresh yield of 'Kwangpyeongok' and 'Gangdaok' were the most of all corn hybrids as 74.85 and 76.68 ton/ha and 'P3394' was the least of all corn hybrids as 64.97 ton/ha. Dry matter yield as 18.83~21.92ton/ha and TDN yield as 12.73~14.52 ton/ha were not significantly different among corn hybrids.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

Malignant histiocytosis(MH)-like hemophagocytic syndrome(HS) is a fatal complication of nasal angiocentric lymphoma(AL) and difficult to distinguish from MH. Ten of total 42 patients with nasal AL had HS and 9 of them were initially suspected to have MH. Five patients had HS as initial manifestation, 3 at the time of relapse, and 2 during the clinical remission of lymphoma. Four patients were treated by combination chemotherapy(CHOP) and others had only supportive care. Immunohistochemical study and in situ hybridization were performed on the specimen obtained from 10 patients. The median survival of all patients from HS was 18 days(range 2 - 44 days) and all had fatal outcome regardless of the treatment-modality. All cases were positive for UCHL1(CD45RO) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by EBER in situ hybridization. MH-like HS is a fatal complication of nasal AL and has a high association with EBV. Reactivation of EBV may contribute to HS and further investigation of predictive factors and effective treatment of HS should be pursued in future.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2001

An optimum seeding date for carrots growing in Jeju was determined. In early growth stage, the number of leaves was more in Hyang-yang #2 cultivar (HY2) than that in the others, meanwhile that of Hukjun 5 chon (H5) and Shinhukjun 5 chon (S5) was higher in the latter half of the growing season. The weight of leaves was greater in HY2 until 2 months after seeding, but thereafter drastically increased and resulted significant difference at harvest in S5. The length of roots was greater in H5 and S5 than in HY2 when seeded on July 17 and measured after September 13, but it was similar in all cultivars when seeded on August 1 and later. The diameter of the roots was greatest in HY2, regardless of seeding dates, meanwhile no difference was found among other cultivars. The weight of roots was greatest in HY2 when seeded on July 17, August 1 or later, meanwhile it was greater in H5 after November, when seeded on August 15. The percentage of roots cracked was 20, 15, and 10% respectively for HY2, S5 and H5. The percentage of roots branched was 0.3% in HY2. The percentage of roots cracked or branched was much higher when seeded on August 1 than on July 17, and was high (40%) in HY2 and S5, compared to H5 when seeded on August 15. The content of sucrose, glucose and fructose increased until 110 days after seeding in all cultivars, but fructose and glucose contents decreased in about 135 days after seeding, but sucrose contents increased continuously even after 135 days. Sucrose content increased and fructose and glucose contents decreased in S5, but this trend was reversed after late November. Sugar contents was different among the cultivars seeded on August 15, while sucrose content decreased and glucose and fructose contents increased with time. The content of ${\beta}$-carotene was more than 12,000 IU in all cultivars, but decreased in 170 days after seeded on July 17. The content was highest in HY2 and followed by S5 and H5 in order. It was not different among the cultivars in 170 days after seeding on August 1, but was higher in S5 than the other cultivars in 170 days after seeded on late and decreased with seeding date.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1973

The authors identified eighty-eight Shigella cultures among about four thousands specimens collected from all over the country in 1972. Of eighty-eight cultures, seventy-seven cultures belonged to Shigella flexneri and eleven cultures to Shigella sonnei. None of cultures belonging to either subgroup A or C was detected in 1972. Of seventy-seven cultures of Shigella flexneri one was $B_{1b}$, fifty-six were $B_{2a}$, nine were $B_{3a}$, six were $B_{4a}$, three were By and one was each of $B_{3b}$ and $B_{3c}$. Of eleven cultures of Shigella sonnei seven cultures appeared to be phase I and the others phase II. Although there was quite a difference found in the incidence of isolating Shigella organisms between different areas as shown in Table 1, it would not be possible to understand that there might not have been the cases or carriers of Shigella in the areas where the organisms were not isolated in 1972. Concerning the biochemical properties it was not possible to compare the results obtained from the decarboxylase and dihydrolase tests with them obtained in previous years except that of lysine decarboxylase tests since they were not reported individually by the different serotypes in the previous reports. These results obtained in 1972 would be the data for the future comparison. In regards to the antibiotics-sensitivity of Shigella cultures the most of them showed sensitive results to nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, cephalosporin, gentamycin and geopen, and the majority of them appeared to be resistant to cloxacillin, tetracycline and streptomycin by means of the In Vitro tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1983

Data on the trawl operation was compiled from the Korea stern trawlers operated in the sea off the Sahara coast of Africa from May 1975 to April 1976. The distribution of some important demersal fishes were investigated by calculating the catch per haul in every fishing ground sections divided by every fishing ground sections divided by every 30' of latitude and longitude. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The mean catch per haul calculated as: squid 14.9kg, large cuttlefish 29.9kg, small cuttlefish 37.8kg, octopus 44.1kg, sole 8.0kg, seabream 9.3kg and miscellaneous fishes 63.1kg. Where cuttlefish is divided into two sizes, large or small by if it weighs over 300kg or not. 2. Squid were caught mostly from August to November in the northern part of 24$^{\circ}$30'N and southern part of 23$^{\circ}$30'N. 3. Large cuttlefish were caught mostly from December to May of the next year, in the coast from 23$^{\circ}$00'N to 25$^{\circ}$00'N, where as small cuttlefish were caught mostly from April to June and from November to January of next year, in the coast from 23$^{\circ}$30'N to 25$^{\circ}$00'N. 4. Octopus were caught mostly from September to January of the next year and from March to April. in the coast from 23$^{\circ}$00'N to 25$^{\circ}$00'N rather in the offshore than in the near coast. 5. Miscellaneous fishes including seabream were caught from May to November, sole from June to November and the others from May to October.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2005

For the purpose of making a new type of functional drinkable yoghurt, skim milk containing $0.5\~2.0\%$(w/v) green tea powder was fermented by the mixed stains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Quality characteristics of the drinkable yoghurts were evaluated in terms of quality-keeping properties(number of viable cells, pH, titratable acidity) and sensory properties. When the drinkable yoghurts added with $0.5\~2.0\%$ green tea powder were kept at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ for 20 days, the number of viable cell counts of the lactic acid bacteria($2.1\times10^8\~6.2\times10^8$ CFU/mL). pH($4.16\~4.22$) and titratable acidity($0.792\~0.881\%$) were not significantly changed for all drinkable yoghurts during the storage at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ days, but the number of viable cell counts($4.2\times10^3\~1.8\times10^5$ CFU/mL), pH($3.82\~3.92$) and titratable acidity($1.057\~1.174\%$) were markedly changed f3r the storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. Therefore the keeping quality of the drinkable yoghurts with addition of green tea powder was relatively good at $4^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. The results of sensory evaluation of the drinkable yoghurts containing peen tea powder indicated that flavor, sweet taste, mouthfeel and aftertaste of the drinkable yoghurt with $0.5\%$ green tea powder showed higher preference than others. And the drinkable yoghurt containing $0.5\% green tea powder added $20\%$(v/v) oligosaccharide had the higher sensory scores in sweet taste, aftertaste and overall acceptability among the treatments.