• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.290-301
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contraceptive knowledge and practice among married immigrant women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design with a convenient sampling was used. 170 married immigrant women were recruited in Daejeon city and Chungcheong area. A structured questionnaire was self-administered from November 1, 2011 to January 13, 2012. Results: 48.2% of subjects have used contraceptive practice. The widely used contraception methods were IUD, condom, oral pill and withdrawal. 73.2% of subjects got information about contraception from family and friends, and 18.3% of subjects had no source of information. The subjects' employment state (p = .006), duration of marriage (p = .019), number of baby (p = .021), family type (p = .046) have a significant influence on their contraceptive practice. The subjects' mean score of contraceptive knowledge was very low (5.72 points out of 15 points). There were significant differences in subjects' contraceptive knowledge depending on their education level (p = .002), employment state (p<.001), country of origin (p = .010), and family type (p = .003). Conclusion: To improve contraceptive knowledge and practice for married immigrant women, it is necessary to develop a proper contraceptive education program to enhance contraceptive knowledge and practice. Adjusted education program by this results will contribute to increase sexual health for married immigrant women.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2006

Geographical indications are signs which identify a good as originating in the territory of a specific country, region, or locality, where the quality, reputation or other characteristics of the product is essentially attributable to its geographical origin. Korea has implemented geographical indication system through its Agricultural Product Quality Control Act since 1999. This research analyzes the impacts and implications of geographical indications on a particular cultural industry in a region using a case study of Boseong green tea which is the first product that was officially registered as a geographical indication in Korea. The results show that the geographical indication has contributed to the promotion of green tea industry in Boseong not only through increase of production but also through development of tourism. The implication is that a geographical indication can be used as an effective method to cope with trade liberalization in terms of agricultural policy. Another implication is that a geographical indication provides an efficient tool for place marketing.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-174
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• 2018

This paper takes a close look at technology related services of e-Commerce companies from the viewpoint of B2C customers. The goal is to determine at which specific points of the customer purchase journey changes should occur, to address consumers' personal needs more effectively. All ten technologies examined fall into one of the following steps of the customer purchase journey: Decision Making, Payment Methods, and Delivery. AHP was utilized to clarify the preferences of millennials from Germany and Korea. The findings show that factors such as country of origin and gender had an impact on the preferences of the survey participants. In case of Germany, women replied that a change in Payment Methods would lead to significant enhancement of their shopping experiences, whereas men favored Decision Making. As for Korea, both genders stated that Decision Making should be the focus of marketers' efforts. One of the main findings was that participants from Germany and Korea exhibited different tastes in the use of technologies. Germans preferred functional technologies, whereas Koreans favored technologies which are more engaging and entertaining.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

Objective : The study was for researching the activation methods about Korean overall medical crops business from 2010 to 2016. In addition, it was to be given to examining complement points and improving methods to the changeable domestic market of medical crops caused by a considerable export-import amount of them. Methods : By examining and analyzing data for the trend of medical crops production and their export-import trend from 2010 to 2015, I found it valuable to use it as the basic resources for researching the urgent problem of medical crops' business and its improvement. Results : 1. As surveying the trend of the domestic medical crops over the recent six years, I found that the export amount of them has drastically decreased, while the import amount has increased. And so, the prices of the domestic medical crops and their production are unstable. 2. By developing standardized medical crops which a trading counterpart country could prefer, we have to promote the export competitiveness. 3. We should reinforce an origin mark and geographical mark practice for domestic herbal materials and expand GMP. 4. We should prepare a standardization of herbal medicines by setting up an independent governmental department. Conclusion : 1. The government should present an appropriate supply-demand amount of the medical crops depending on the domestic needs and the export-import transactions. 2. There should be an institutional supportive system which is able to guarantee stable incomes of farmers through contract cultivation. 3. We should develop high value standardized medical crops.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.397-408
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• 2023

Fire blight disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating affliction in apple cultivation worldwide. Chemical pesticides have exhibited limited effectiveness in controlling the disease, and biological control options for treating fruit trees are limited. Therefore, a relatively large-scale survey is necessary to develop microbial agents for apple trees. Here we collected healthy apple trees from across the country to identify common and core bacterial taxa. We analyzed the endophytic bacterial communities in leaves and twigs and discovered that the twig bacterial communities were more conserved than those in the leaves, regardless of the origin of the sample. This finding indicates that specific endophytic taxa are consistently present in healthy apple trees and may be involved in vital functions such as disease prevention and growth. Furthermore, we compared the community metabolite pathway expression rates of these endophyte communities with those of E. amylovora infected apple trees and discovered that the endophyte communities in healthy apple trees not only had similar community structures but also similar metabolite pathway expression rates. Additionally, Pseudomonas and Methylobacterium-Methylorobrum were the dominant taxa in all healthy apple trees. Our findings provide valuable insights into the potential roles of endophytes in healthy apple trees and inform the development of strategies for enhancing apple growth and resilience. Moreover, the similarity in cluster structure and pathway analysis between healthy orchards was mutually reinforcing, demonstrating the power of microbiome analysis as a tool for identifying factors that contribute to plant health.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-53
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the identity and relationship of library and information science by exploring theoretical aspects of LIS research, including theory building and theory use. The sample of this study consists of 1,661 research articles published from 1984 to 2003 in two Korean and two American core LIS journals. Theory articles are analyzed with two scales, such as '4-degree of theory efficiency' and '5-degree of theory use' Each article is coded in terms of journal, country, publication year, subfield, and methodology of the article. and affiliation, department, and research experience of the first author. The theories used therein are coded according to their origin and age. Also, an author co-citation technique is applied to represent intellectual structure on a two-dimensional map, which has been constructed by theory use of LIS authors fur 20 years.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.577-588
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• 1998

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are products of incomplete combustion and, in urban area atmosphere, are mainly traffic or heating in origin. Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected on the Eixth story of Shinchon on the Yonsei campus, using a high-volume cascade impactor, between August 1994 and September 1995. Ten PAHs were analyzed by GC/MSD. The size distribution of PAH-containing particulates followed approximately a log-normal relationship with the majority of PAH content associated with particles below 3.0mm. PAHs concentration in submicron particles increased during the winter months. The Mass Median Diameter (MMD) value of annual particulates in the heavy traffic area of Shinchon shows about 1.6 pm. The MMD values of air particulate in winter were the lowest values and similar to that in summer, while MMD values of seasonal PAHs were generally lower than 1.0 pm. Among the PAHs, MMD values of PAHs with the more than 5 benzen ring were averagely lower than those with 4 benzin rings. Especially MMD's of dibenzo (a, h) anthracene in winter was clearly lower than in summer. This reason may be caused by fuels used for heating. In this area, 50∼80% PAHs mass was particles smaller than 1.0mm aerodynamic diameter in size range, and the MMD values of PAHs lower than those of other country's area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.97-128
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• 1998

Recognizing the importance of reading, and with one motivation being to encourage an upright reading culture, 138 Wise Sayings related to reading by Western leaders were investigated and analyzed according to their country of origin and content as well as the nationalities and occupations, achievements and activities, and the periods of activity of he people who said them. In Wise Sayings related to reading, there are connotations of reading's significance$(30\%)$, methods$(44\%)$, Usefulness$(13\%)$, values$(12\%)$, joys$(1\%)$ and so on, and the expressions vary according to the speakers' occupations. Many of the speakers of wise sayings related to reading were from the powerful and culturally-developed countries of England(36), France(17) and the United states(15), and among 168 occupations, many were engaged in literature(97), philosophy(20), and politics(13) In the field of literature in particular, poets(24), writers(24), and novelists(19) comprised about $70\%$ of the total. In terms of the periods of activity, the 19th-20th century with $33\%$ and the 19th century with $27\%$ made up $60\%$ of the total.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 2019

As 'a total social fact,' drinks and drinking may serve as a lens through which we can view a distant society. Although not frequently discussed, drinking vessels serve the same function for accessing a past world hidden or forgotten behind written records. The present article is an art history attempt to seek a cultural link between liquor vessels used in medieval Korea and the political and social change of the period. The Goryeo period (918-1392) saw an unprecedented abundance of drinking vessels in various forms and decorations. Goryeo artisans and craftsmen produced ewers, pitchers, flasks, bottles, and others in addition to the pre-existing shapes of vessels mainly consisting of jars and bowls. I argue that this sudden burst of creativity during the Goryeo period was closely related to Goryeo's constant and diverse contacts with foreign powers. Their zone of international connections was not confined to the Chinese world, as we have commonly presumed. Even before the Mongol intervention, Goryeo was in contact with regions beyond East Asia through the northern nomadic states. Khitan Liao was recorded as having worked as a kind of international intermediary to link the Chinese and Islamic worlds. This medieval global culture became a norm in Goryeo society when it became an important part of the Mongol Empire. These nomadic powers brought global trends to Goryeo, and foreign drinks were among them; kumis, araq, and grape wines are just three cases of them discussed in this article. The change of alcoholic drinks led to, or was accompanied by, a new range of drinking vessels. Three types of ewers, familiar to East Asian consumers but foreign in their origin, are discussed in the main text to highlight such social change. Three more cases of drinking cups are also presented. The article shows that medieval Korean society was far more open to international art and culture than our usual understanding, and in their drinking vessels, Goryeo culture embraced global trends reaching China, the Islamic world and Europe.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2010

In this paper, we tried to investigate the adjusting patterns of production fluctuation of major soybean production countries. In particular, we focus our attention on the trade transmission effect of major soybean production countries on world market. We found that the instability of world market for soybean is likely to be increased mainly due to the production fluctuation and trade transmission effect of major production countries, e.g. Brazil, Paraguay, and Canada. Most of the major production countries have adjusted the production fluctuation through consumption and trade rather than inventory management, and hence the instability of world market for soybean tends to be more instable. Therefore we need to develop the effective policy measures for making domestic soybean market more stable such as a plan for keeping domestic production, a valid inventory management strategy, a use of futures market, and a strategy to diversify import market as a large importing country.