• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate college students' psychological well-being influenced by optimism and orientations to happiness. The participants were 412 college students aged from 20 to 28. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, two-way ANOVAs and hierarchical regression analyses. The major findings were as follows. 1) In optimism, there were no significant differences in gender and the year of study in college. In orientations to happiness, male students pursued engagement in happiness more than female students and the seniors reported a significantly higher level of pursuit of happiness than freshmen did. In terms of psychological well-being, seniors scored significantly higher psychological well-being than freshmen. 2) Optimism and orientations to happiness were significant predictors of the psychological well-being of college students. With circumstances and optimism controlled, orientations to happiness still showed 13% variance in psychological well-being.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.499-509
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to make up an effective market strategy for distinguishing clothing shops through analysing the influences on store choice behaviors by demographical characteristics, clothing shopping orientations and information search activities as well as analysing the effects of information search activities according to clothing shopping orientations, together with clarifying the dimension of clothing shopping orientations and information search activities. Clothing shopping orientations were factor analyzed resulting five factors, such as Recreational Shopping, Store/Brand Loyalty, Economic Shopping, Fashion Synchronization, Careful shopping. Information search behavior were factor analyzed resulting five factors, such as mass media information, commercial media information, personal information, store information, past experience information. According to a result of looking into the influences of clothing shopping orientations on information search behaviors, as shopping orientation for pleasure, fashion synchronization orientation, brand store royal orientation & economical orientation go high, the search degree of store information & mass media information, commercial media information & personal information, past experience information and personal information raise up respectively more and more. The results of regression analysis at factors affecting the store choice behaviors are significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2004

The purpose of the study is to investigate relationships between shopping orientations and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities by internet fashion companies. Futhermore, the study was to explore differences in shopping orientations and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities according to consumer groups who were classified by their frequency of buying fashion merchandise through the internet. A total of 954 questionnaires were administered to internet users, and 943 questionnaires were returned. Data was analyzed by SPSS 10.0, and factor analysis, Cronbach＇ $\alpha$ coefficient, ANOVA, Duncan＇s Multiple Range test and Multiple regression were used. The findings of the study were as follows: There were differences in shopping orientations and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities among consumer groups. Frequent shoppers had most and non-frequent shoppers had the least shopping enjoyment, fashion orientation, and receptive attitudes towards sales promotion activities than any other group. There were significant positive relationships between 3 factors of shopping orientations and 3 dimensions of receptive attitudes. All three factors of shopping orientations affected each three dimensions of receptive attitudes of internet fashion consumers towards sales promotion activities.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.247-256
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• 2019

In this study, the development of annealing textures in cold rolled and annealed tantalum sheets was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction. At $900^{\circ}C$, the textures of the recrystallized grains in the partially and completely recrystallized microstructures displayed significant similarities. The average diameter of the recrystallized grains with ${\gamma}-fiber$ orientations exceeded that of grains with different orientations, and the average growth rates were unrelated to the orientations after an initial stage of recrystallization. Additional cold rolling and annealing was done for controlled initial microstructures and textures inherited from various processes of prior cold rolling and annealing. This second cycle of the process resulted in stronger textures with major ${\gamma}-fiber$ orientations as a result of the enhanced ${\gamma}-fiber$ orientations in the preceding textures. A coarse-grained prior microstructure resulted in a weaker annealing texture than a fine grained one regardless of the stronger previous texture, which was occasioned by the sub-structures of the minor orientations at local deformation inhomogeneities such as sharp in-grain shear bands.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.165-180
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• 2011

This study empirically examined the educational needs according to career orientations of IT service technical engineers. First, this study suggested 5 types of career orientations in IT service technical engineers. Seconds, we considered the individual level's variables(age, academic background) and job characteristics(job type, work experience, organizational size, years of service) as the influential factors of IT service technical engineers' career orientations. Finally, this study examined the educational needs according to 5 types of career orientations of IT service technical engineers. The results, based on the survey 133 IT service technical engineers, showed that both individual and job characteristic variables had significant effects on 5 types of career orientations. And 5 types of career orientations had significant effects on the educational needs.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.23-52
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• 2018

This study examines factors that influence adolescents' political trust in Asian societies with special emphases on authoritarian orientations and corruption perception. Previous studies on adolescents' political trust have focused almost exclusively on Western societies. As a result, the impact of other cultural values that are specific to Asian societies, such as authoritarian orientations, on adolescents' political trust has received little attention in the existing literature. Moreover, situated within a socialization framework which argues that political trust is an extension of interpersonal trust, much prior work has ignored the role of adolescent evaluations of institutional performance in generating political trust. The data I use offer empirical evidence that both authoritarian orientations and institutional performance-especially its ability to curb corruption-are independent sources of political trust among Asian adolescents and that the trust-eroding effect of corruption is less salient among Asian adolescents adopting more authoritarian orientations. Additionally, the evidence also suggests that corruption perception is a more important factor than authoritarian orientations in shaping adolescents' political trust in more economically developed countries while the reverse pattern is found in less developed countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.637-648
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences among internet and TV home-shopping perceived risk segments in regard to clothing shopping orientations and purchase intention. The subjects used for the study were 290 female consumers aged from 20 to 40 living in Seoul. The study used factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and $\chi^2-test$. The results showed that the Internet and TV home-shopping perceived risks consisted of 9 factors: Products uncertainty risk, Internet shopping mall trust risk, account-related risk, delivery risk, social risk, size risk, exchange/return risk, TV watching-related risk, and price risk. The cluster analysis showed that there were five groups segmented: Size risk/TV watching risk group, Social risk/Internet trust risk group, Return risk/TV watching low-risk group, Delivery risk/product trust group, and Product risk group. The clothing shopping orientations were classified by 5 factors: Planned shopping, pleasure shopping, sales/fashion oriented shopping, time saving shopping, and credit card preference/in-store oriented shopping. The results showed that the five segmented perceived risk groups differed in regard to clothing shopping orientations, purchase intention, and demographics. Further group differences and implications of the results were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.683-692
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• 2005

This study was intended to analyze the clothing shopping orientations and purchasing practices for men's dress shirts. It was conducted by means of convenience sampling survey with male office workers who usually wear dress shirts at work and who also live in Seoul, Geonggi, and Chungcheong area. The data collected were analyzed by frequency analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS. The results are as follows: 1) Clothing shopping orientations were classified into six factors: brand oriented; planned; enjoying; expediency oriented; negative shopping; and low price oriented. There were partially significant differences in clothing shopping orientations according to the surveyees' age. 2) The surveyees prioritized low price and expediency in clothing shopping, but they also showed low interest in brands. 3) The criteria for purchasing were in the order of size, color, comfort, and design. There were also partially significant differences in the estimation criteria for dress shirts according to marital status and age. 4) Most respondents tended to purchase 3 or 4 pieces of dress shirts a year, paying 30,000 to 50,000 won for a piece, usually at department stores. 5) When they purchase a dress shirt, they always considers its size. In the case of married men, however, it is the laundry tag that they do care about.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.292-302
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to research on Characteristic of Consumer and Clothing Purchase Orientations according to Internet Shopping Mall Type. The results were as follows; First, the clothing purchase orientations consisted of 5 dimension; product recondition, consumer service, shopping experience, risk of functional recognition, and of economical recognition. Second, the analysis of items of 5 dimension on clothing purchase orientations according to Internet shopping mall type produced as follows; 1. Product recognition - Variety of products appeared to be important elements and the average of specialized shopping mall was higher than that of general shopping mall. 2. Consumer service - Reliability of product information appeared to be more critical than others and the average of specialized shopping mall was bigger than that of others 3. Shopping experience - The item of convenience over time and space, the hard sell and over-service were found critical elements. Especially convenience over time of Mall of Malls, the convenience a far from hard sell element of department style shopping mall, and convenience over space of specialized mall were higher than that of others. 4. Risk element of functional recognition - No specific distinction appeared according to shopping mall type. 5. Risk element of economical recognition - Mending and additional cost arising from bad choice were found being critical element.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.67-78
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• 1997

Fashion store patronage behavior can be observed when consumer's desires and expectations are fulfilled. Thus, in order to achieve successful business in sales, a retailer must continually analyze why target consumers choose particular stores and patronize them. This study identified the relevant factors of the patronage behavior of female college students residing in Seoul. Thus, this study can achieve Its goal of enabling retailers to predict shopping orientations and emphasis on store attributes, so that help retailer to establish new positions of their shops to differentiate them from others and, also, to reposition existing stores. The aims of this study were as follows; First, identify the classification of stores that female college students in Seoul patronize. Second, classify the female students' shopping orientations, emphasizing store attributes, and identify relationships between them and fashion store patronage behavior. Relationships between the factors of shopping orientations and store attributes, and patronage behavior were identified by use of Tukey's test, Duncan test, and ANOVA. As a result, it showed significant differences among patronage groups according to nearly every factor of shopping orientations and store attributes. As based on the results, this study is expected to assist that retailers can establish effective marketing strategies in order to make continuously consumers' partronage behavior of a store.