• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.221-239
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• 2009

Background: The recent outbreak of the novel strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus has raised a global concern of the future risk of pandemic. Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) has been combatting against contagious diseases and developed its own particular and efficient way in treating those diseases. Objectives: Provide a distinctive and effective TKM method in understanding the principles of treatment, prevention, and contraindications against influenza A through case histories. Method: We revised case histories of eminent doctors of Ming and Qing dynasties according to their clinical manifestations similar to those of influenza A. We also verified prescriptions of the "Dong-uibogam(東醫寶鑑)" through examining clinical practices of China today. Results: 1. The subtypes of Warm disease; Wind Warmth and Pestilence has the most similar clinical manifestation in comparison to Influenza A. Specifying these terms is important in recognizing and classifying various diseases under the name of Warm disease. 2. TKM considered not only external factors but also individual factors like general condition, diet, emotion, constitutional types, etc in the treatment of febrile diseases. 3. TKM developed a new way in the treatment of contagious diseases. considering the characteristics of each pathogen. TKM described the Warm pathogen being light as a feather, which enters through the nose, principally affecting the Lung. Therefore, they emphasized treatment with Pungent Sweet Cooling Moistening[辛甘凉潤] method. 4. As the conservation of fluid and humor is the primordial concern in the treatment of Warm disease, they restricted release of the exterior with pungent-warm and purgation method. The purgation methods was used exclusively to decrease fever and preserve fluid and humor. 5. The only differentiating characteristics of Influenza A with seasonal influenza are vomiting and diarrhea. Case research revealed the possibility of these manifestations to be a mechanism of restoration. 6. TKM provides alimento prevention method like Mint Pear Porridge, mung bean, and etc also combination of herbal medicine. Also emphasized in the conservation of essence for the prevention of contagious diseases. Conclusions: TKM developed its unique way in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of contagious diseases and formed its independent scheme of Warm Disease. This knowledge in febrile contagious disease is relevant today in providing diverse treatment and prevention for influenza A.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1763-1768
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• 2006

Cancer is one of the most serious health problem in modern society, and there are many studies to treat this disease. We have performed the study about analyzing papers related with anti-cancerous herbs that is used in clinical treatment recently. We found 257 papers in 'Pub med', the internet site, using the key words 'cancer' and the scientific name of anti-cancerous herbs. We also have compared the herbs' efficacy in oriental medicine with the experimental results in those papers, and thought the practical uses in clinical treatments. However, research studies that reported data on anti-cancerous herbs were wholly lacking. It is recommended that further studies be performed from the point of view of oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.332-357
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• 1997

The purpose of study is for the defining the diagnostic criteria of Jung-Pung (中風) which are confused or unclear partially or Oriental Medicine. The results were obstained as follows ; 1. The Diagnosis of Jung-Pung (中風) can be accomplished by the name of disease, symptomatic classification, Byun-Jeung (辨證), stage, assessment of neurological deficit. 2. The various expressive way on the names of Jung-Pung (中風) can be unified as Jung-Pung (中風). 3. The symptomatic classification of Jung-Pung (中風) can be Jung-Kyung-Rak (中經絡) and Jung-Jang-Bu (中臟腑) by unconsciousness. 4. The subclassification of Jung-Kyung-Rak(中經絡) is Kanyangpokhang Punghwa sangyo (肝陽暴亢 風火上擾證), PungDamErHyul BiJoMaecRak (風痰瘀血 痺阻脈絡證), DamYeolBusil PoongDamSangYo (痰熱腑實 風痰上擾證), KiHerhyulEr (氣虛血瘀證), YeumHer PungDong (陰虛風動證) and Jung-Jang-Bu (中臟腑) is PungHwa SangYo CheongGeu (風火上擾淸竅證), DamSeupMongSac ShimSin (痰濕蒙塞心神證), DamYeolNaeFe ShimGeu (痰熱內閉心竅證), WonKiFaeTal ShimSinChakRan(元氣敗脫心神錯亂證) 5. The classification of stages can be divided as stroke stage, convalescent stage, complicated deficit stage. 6. In Oriental Medicine there were few assessment methods of neurological deficit. Therefore we need to develop new assessment system or modification of Western Medicine. The Standardization in the diagnosis of Jung-Pung (中風) has not been well established, even though we had have many clinical experiences. So it is necessary to make a accurate diagnosis that can be done by multiple diagnostic assessment. Therefore the accurate diagnosis of Jung-Pung (中風) can be done by 5 factors, they are the name of diagnosis, symptomatic classification, Byun-Jeung (辨證), stage, the assessment of neurological dificit. And it can be applied in the planning of treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.276-287
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• 2006

Background & Objective : The herbal medicine Sojukgunbihwan granule has been used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia, generally categorized as a gastric dysmotility disease. However, its mechanisms are not yet well known. Therefore, the effects of Sojukgunbihwan granules on gastric motility in rats was investigated. Methods : The myoelectrical activity of the gastric smooth muscle was recorded by a bipolar electrode placed at the gastric antrum of rats. The contractile waves were measured for 30 minutes before and after intragastric administration of each solution(normal saline, Pyungwisan 40mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 60mg/kg) and expressed as the motility index. Gastric emptying was measured by the number of glass beads expelled from the stomach(containing one hundred 1mm glass beads) within an hour after glass beads and test drugs(normal saline, Pyungwisan 40mg/kg, Pyungwisan 120mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 60mg/kg, Sojukgunbihwan granules 180mg/kg) were administered. In another series of experiments to evaluate the mechanisms of Sojukgunbihwan granules under delayed conditions, the rats were treated with atropine sulfate(1 mg/kg, s.c.), cisplatin(10mg/kg, i.p.), and NAME($N^G$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 75mg/kg, s.c.) respectively. Results : Intragastric administration of Sojukgunbihwan granules increased the myoelectrical activity significantly, gastric motility index rose 25%, and gastric emptying of glass beads was significantly enhanced over a period of 60minutes. Under the delayed gastric emptying induced by atropine sulfate, cisplatin, and NAME, Sojukgunbihwan granules aggravated gastric emptying in the atropine sulfate($5.71{\pm}3.45\;vs\;3.71{\pm}4.42$) and cisplatin($13.86{\pm}3.53\;vs\;5.14{\pm}5.05$, p<0.01) treated groups, but enhanced gastric emptying in the NAME treated group($5.00{\pm}3.21\;vs\;11.71{\pm}5.65$, p<0.05). Conclusions : Results suggest that Sojukgunbihwan granules stimulate gastric motility through cholinergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors. Results are indicative of Sojukgunbihwan as an especially effective remedy in dysmotility-like functional dyspepsia with impaired reservoir functions such as gastric adaptive relaxation.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

The Sambyeongudo(三變九圖) which was deducted from Cheonbu-Kyeong(天符經) is the figure about the principle of the Book of Changes in the mutual organic way, and the Five elements means the principle of Generation and the Sasang means the principle of Change, so Kugung of the concept of composing Five elements and Sasang means the principle of Generativechange, Sasangjeok-Ohaengkoan(四象的五行觀). As it is substituted to the human body, Five elements can be compared to the meridian system, Sasang can be compared to Eight extra meridians, and Kugung can be compared to Five su point Sasangjeok-Ohaengkoan. In addition, if Simpo and Samcho are compared to Cheon Ji In Samjae(天地人三才) of Trigrams, then 13 cure points can be deducted. If 13 cure points are substituted to Chilyojeongsa(七曜政事) and Moderation as another concept of Kugung, then all diseases can be cured regardless of the physical constitution and name of a disease.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2011

Objectives : Yiemyo-San(二妙散) is a basic oriental medicinal prescription used in basically musculoskeletal pain. Way down to posterity, Yiemyo-San has been combined with various prescriptions to treat a variety of diseases. the purpose of In this study is to investigate indications and etiology of indication using Yiemyo-San. Methodes : For prescriptions combining Yiemyo-San in Dongyeubogam(東醫寶鑑), the name of prescriptions, configuration herbs and indication were investigated and prescriptions were classified according to etiology of indication. Results : the numbers of prescriptions combining Yiemyo-San in Dongyeubogam were 45. Yiemyo-San was used frequently in musculoskeletal disease such as beriberi, amyotrophy, gout and arthritis(36%). In addition, it was applied to an internal diseases, ENT diseases and headache. it was used frequently in pathological condition due to supyeol(濕熱)(45%). Yiemyo-San was combined with various prescriptions as a primary prescription at 51% and as a secondary prescription at 49%. Conclusions : When Yiemyo-San is combined with other prescription, it may be used in various disease as well as musculoskeletal disease due to supyeol. combined with various prescriptions as a primary prescription at 51% and as a secondary prescription at 49%. Conclusions : When Yiemyo-San is combined with other prescription, it may be used in various disease as well as musculoskeletal disease due to supyeol.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-139
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• 2000

Study of the fourteen meridians that include name of P'ung(風) point. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Pyongp'ung(秉風) is located middle of the supraspinatous fossa(Small intestine Meridian, 手太陽小腸經). we can cute the local area disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Arm greater yang small intestine which is attacked by P'ung(風) disease. 2. Yep'ung(翳風) is located behind the lobule of the auricle, in the depression between the mastoid process and the mandible(Triple Energizer Meridian, 手少陽三焦經). we can cure the local area disease especially hyper yang disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Arm lesser yang triple energizer which is attacked by P'ung(風) and Yo'l(熱) disease. 3. P'ungmun(風門) is located 1.5 chon beside the lower end of the spine of the second thoracic vertebra(Bladder Meridian, 足太陽膀胱經). we can cure the local area disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Leg greater yang bladder which is attacked by P'ung(風) disease. 4. P'ungbu(風府) is located 1 chon above the middle of natural line of the hair at the back of the head, in the depression below the occiptal protuberance(Governor meridian, 督脈). It connects (Liver meridian, 足厥陰肝經) and Yin Link Vessel(陽維脈). we can cure the rigidity and pain in head and nape which is related Yin Link Vessel(陽維脈). 5. P'ungshi(風市) is located on the lateral part of the thigh, 7 hon above the patella(From the greater trochanter to the knee joint is 19 chon, Gallbladder Meridian (足少陽膽經). we can cure the local area disease(leg, knee, etc). 6. P'ungji(風池) is located Below the occipital bone, in the depression on the outer part of the trapezius muscle(Gallbladder Meridian, 足少陽膽經) on a level with P'ungbu(風府) (Governor vessel, 督脈). we can cure the local area disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Leg lesser yang gall bladder which is attacked by P'ung(風) disease.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.90-98
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• 2008

Purpose: Menopausal syndrome is caused by urgent changes of sex hormone in women. The hormonal therapy can soothe the problems of menopausal patients, but it can increase the probability of another disease, such as breast cancer, heart attack, etc. So the demand of alternative herb therapy is increasing in Western countries. In Korea, herbal medicine is imported and used by Western doctors. To know and use the alternative herbal medicine, Korean Medical doctors should know their efficacy and safety. Methods: We researched the Medline(Pubmed) with the key word such as 'CAM', 'herb' and 'menopause'. We selected the herbs known as treating the menopausal syndrome and researched the similar or same herbs that are used in Korean medicine by the scientific name and efficient ingredients. To evaluate the efficacy of the herbs, we compared the herbs that were differently defined in alternative and Korean medicine Results: Balm, black cohosh, chaste berry, dong quai. evening primrose oil. ginkgo, St. John's wort, valerian root, and sarsaparilla were chosen as prevalent herbs used in alternative medicine. The pharmacologic effect of Black cohosh, licorice root, St. John's wort were recognized. But these three herbs are not usually prescripted for menopausal patients in Korean medicine. So we could apply these three herbs as one of Korean medical treatments. The efficacy of other herbs cannot be surely prescripted for menopausal patients. Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of alternative medicine is not proved yet. But to diversify the treatmental methods of Korean medicine, we need to prove and use these medicine as one of Korean medical treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 1997

Having examined the literatures on the terminologies. UlkyuK and Banui, the following results were obtained. 1. since Ul accompanies the symptom of dysphagia. it is thoughr ro indicate the disease and ailment in the larynx and pharynx. and the esphangus. 2. Kuyk is used in the contextof Kyuksak. Kyukjung. Bikyuk. Ulsakamnd Ulkyuk. and since it also includes the meaning of Ul. it is thought that disease and ailment in the esophagus. stomach and duodenum are included in this category. 3. Although Ul and Kyuk are differentiated. since they appear in conjunction with the other clinically. they can be refferred to as Ulkyuk. 4. Banui represents the phenomenon of vomiting. because it is oresent in a bad case of Ulkyuk. it can be seen to be included in Ulkyuk. Thus. Ulkyuk and Banui can be refferred to as one. 5.Although the name of an ailments in oriental medicine and that in the western medicine can not be in perfect match. Ulkyuk is refferred to as ailments in esophagus such as esophagitis. esophageal ulcer, esophageal deverticulum and esophageal cancer. while Banui is refferred to asailments in stomanch and duodenum such as stomach cancer. chtonic spasmic gastritis. it is reasonable to differentiate the two in general. As seen above, since the concept of the terminologies. Ulkyuk and Banui are somewhat different among Oriental medicine doctors. a consensus is needed to come up with terms that all can agree on.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 1991

Hypertension is not the name of disease but that of syndrome, about which the record of causes and treatments did not exist in the classics. So I surveyed the oriental medical category of hypertension in the classics and studied on the causes and principal acupuncture points of treatment in the modern literature. And a result, I came to the following conclusion. 1. According to the category of hypertension in oriental medicine way, WIND(風), FIRE(火), PHLEGM(痰) were the evoked causes of hypertension. And the greater oart of hypertension's line in the classics was related to DIZZINESS(眩暈), APOPLEXY(中風), WIND OF THE LIVER(肝風). 2. There were exceedingly various causes such as inheritance, mind, emotion, change of nerve, other disease, etc. 3. In the treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, there were Zusanli(足三里), Quchi(曲池), Fengchi(風池), Baihui(自會), Hegu(合谷), Sanyinjiao(三陰交), Taichong(太衝) which, 7 acupuncture points, showed high ratio. 4. According to the evoked causes, the major acupuncture points became to be different as follow; FIRE(火) : Neiguan(內關 ; P6) WIND(風) : Fengchi (風池 ; G20), Yanglingquan (陽陵泉 ; G34), Taichong(太衝 ; Liv3) PHLEGM(痰) : Zusanli(足三里 ; S36); Sanyinjiao(三陰交 ; Sp6). Basing on the Literature research, I have studied hypertension. I found that there were objective studies on the causes. But I couldn't find any objective study on the category of hypertension in oriental medicine way and the treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion. So I think that more profound study on the category and the interrelation between the acupuncture points of treatment and its dis tribution of the 14 meridians deserves to be continued from now on.