• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2017

Purpose - This research identified the factors to be considered when CEOs establish small companies and improve their businesses by analyzing the effects of their entrepreneurship and marketing activities on the business performance of small companies and suggested measures to utilize them strategically. Research design, data, and methodology - The research conducted a survey for companies located in Busan, and Gyeongnam area in Korea. To verify the model and hypothesis mentioned above, relevant items were allocated to each variable. Results - the research found that the innovation of entrepreneurship negatively affects formalization and centralization along with the propensity for risk-taking which negatively affects all the characteristics of an organization's structure. It was also found that the pro-activeness which was rejected in the selection and verification of hypothesis is the CEOs characteristics which positively affect all of the organization type are contrary to the initial hypothesis. Conclusions - The results of these efforts will positively contribute toward developing a start-up strategy helpful for small companies CEOs, to change the business environment proactively, to operate their organization efficiently and to develop market-oriented marketing activities and objectives. This research found the role of market-oriented characteristics demanded by the CEO to overcome organizational structure, business innovation and bad business situations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2014

Purpose - Leadership style is an important factor in determining the attitude and behavior of employees and their satisfaction with an organization. Contributing the efficiency of an organization, Especially, servant leadership focusing on meeting employees' hopes and desires positively affect success of the organization and performance of employees. In the airline service industry it is necessary to conduct studies for an internal marketing on servant leadership that emphasizes the trust in the dignity of humans and spirit of service to subordinates as a factor affecting the job satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology -Therefore, in this research, it is empirically analyzed that employees' perception of a supervisor's support plays mediating role in the relationship between employees' perception of servant leadership and perception of an organization's support using multiple and hierarchal regression analysis targeting 243 employees working in D Airline. Result - As a result, Employees' employees' perceived supervisor's support mediates the relationship between employees' perceived servant leadership of a supervisor and employees' perceived organizational support. Conclusions - This study suggests that the servant leadership of a supervisor perceived by employees constitutes an important preceding variable in enhancing the employees' perception on organizational support.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to elucidate the perception differences between CEOs and employees, and to derive a plan for improving performance by using theory of planned behavior (TPB) to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs exposed to various difficulties until recently. Research design, data and methodology - A total of 238 valid questionnaires were collected for CEOs and members of SMEs. In order to clarify the difference of perception, independent sample t-test and multi-group analysis using AMOS were conducted. Simple regression analysis and structural equation were used to confirm whether the theory of planned behavior was applied at the level of SME. Results - The CEO group is more aware of company's ethical responsibility activities and organizational support than the group of employees, and collectivism contributes more to organizational development than individualism tendency. Also, the theory of planned behavior is applied to the SME level as well. Conclusion - This study suggest that CEOs need to accept the pluralism of their members for the development of SMEs. In addition, it is necessary to form a consensus on ethical responsibility activities that corporations are performing by supporting diverse strategies and members' participation in management decision-making.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to identify the current status of burnout research on Korean nurses and to suggest the directions for future research. Method: Fifty two articles between 1998 and 2007 were selected using the key words such as "Nurse" and "Burnout" from the database (RISS4U et al.). Results: 77.9% of studies were master's theses unpublished in the nursing journals. All studies were cross-sectional and therefore did not allow casual inference. Hospital nurses were the most common subjects (21 studies). The most frequently used burnout measurement instrument was the Burnout Measure, while the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used in only 6 studies. 55.7% of studies reported the average burnout score as higher than the middle level. Among individual factors, variables significantly correlated to burnout were age, position, work experience, coping, and personality. Some of job factors including shift work, workloads, job stress, and organizational commitment were also significantly related to burnout. There was very little discussion about the influence of organizational factors analyzed by unit or institution level. Conclusion: In Korea, the next phase of nurse burnout research needs to consider the measurement tool selection for the international comparison and longitudinal design to find more specific causal relationships.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.633-641
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and test a predictive model that could explain and predict Korean nurses' turnover intentions. Methods: A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 445 nurses in Korea. Six instruments were used in this model. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and Amos 7.0 program. Results: Based on the constructed model, organizational commitment, and burnout were found to have a significant direct effect on turnover intention of nurses. In addition, factors such as empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were found to indirectly affect turnover intention of nurse. The final modified model yielded ${\chi}^2$=402.30, p<.001), ${\chi}^2$/df=2.94, RMSEA=0.07, RMR=0.03, GFI=0.90, AGF=0.87, NFI=0.88, CFI=0.92 and good fit indices. Conclusion: This structural equational model is a comprehensive theoretical model that explains the related factors and their relationship with turnover intention in Korean nurses. Findings from this study can be used to design appropriate strategies to further decrease the nurses' turnover intention in Korea.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2015

Purpose - Ethical management connects corporate management outcomes and emphasizes organizational cooperation. It also links human resource management, auditing, and financial management to increase employee job satisfaction. A survey of American enterprises showed that employees with high ethical consciousness had greater job satisfaction and lower turnover. Research design, data, and methodology - Hypotheses and models based on previous studies were used to investigate the effects of ethical management on employee job satisfaction and turnover intentions. To examine hypotheses empirically, a questionnaire survey based on previous studies was administered to service business workers in Seoul. Results - The study investigated the effects of ethical management practices in relation to factors such as top management's willingness to put them into practice, their appropriateness and implementation within operations, and their influence on job satisfaction, and also examined the effects of job satisfaction on turnover intentions. Conclusions - Ethical management greatly influences job satisfaction and turnover intentions, providing organizational members with alternatives regarding ethical considerations, and to place a strong emphasis on management willingness and enterprise regulations and policies.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two multinational companies that seem to have reconciled the two mandates of CSR and profit maximization while becoming multibillion dollar companies and examine their organizational culture and practices and their management and leadership in order to determine the controlling factors, if any, that have elicited their success while renowned for their CSR policies. Research design, data, and methodology - This is a case study, an analytical approach, which focuses on exploring and analyzing the CSR policies of Starbucks and IKEA. Results - IKEA and Starbucks considered their position in the global business environment and their social responsibilities as crucial and did more than a cursory lip service to the issues. In fact, they both took the more difficult long-term approach and tried to resolve the root causes for the environmental and social issues in their supply chain. Ultimately though, it is the ethical leadership of the top management that sets the tone for the organizational culture and its CSR. Conclusion - IKEA and Starbucks are "living proof" that a company can be successful while treating its employees and the community of suppliers and associates with respect and dignity and while making this world a better place.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.49-71
• /
• 2006

With a rapid diffusion of internet, more peoples are interested in electronic commerce and the various electronic commerce types are being appeared. In these respects, the internet auction being take the more attentions at the present. Since perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are such a fundamental driver of usage intentions, it is important to understand the determinants of this construct and how their influences change. In these respects, the web site joyfulness, the web site trust and the institutional mechanism are included as the moderating variables in our research model. A better understanding of the interactions of these factors to the usage intention to the auction site would enable us to design the organizational interventions that would increase the user acceptance and the usage of auction systems. Therefore, the goal of the present research is to extend the organizational model of auction system with TAM's perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and the additional motivating determinants. The result showed that the web site joyfulness and the trust were the significant determinants on the the usage of auction site. However, the direction of the effect was not consistant through the cases. The model suggested in this study need to be extended with including the more sociological factors and the empirical results founded in this study are required to be verified with the extended model.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.201-223
• /
• 2016

Purpose As social network games (SNG) enjoy rapid growth in the market and become a major sector of the gaming industry, it is of great interest to examine the how users continuously use SNG. In SNG, the users' social interaction is the most prominent advantage of the social network, as well as the entertainment afforded by the game. This study explores the relationship between altruism, which is considered the most prominent characteristic of SNS, and the continuance usage intention, as well as the moderating role of social capital. Based on social capital theory and organizational citizenship behavior, this research model considers social bonding and bridging that are divided by social capital. Design/methodology/approach An AMOS analysis based on survey data from 223 SNG users indicated that SNG with greater altruism enhance social capital (social bonding, social bridging), which is related to the user's satisfaction and the continuance intention of SNG. Findings Social bonding is positively related to the user's satisfaction with SNG. In other words, social bridging positively affects the continuous usage intention of SNG. These findings help managers in developing and implementing altruistic relationships and social capital for continuous usage of SNG.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.882-891
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to identify burnout and factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted with a sample of 228 contingent nurses randomly selected from 25 general hospitals in Korea. The tools used for this study were scales measuring burnout (8 items), job stress (8 items), job satisfaction (9 items), self efficacy (9 items), organizational commitment (9 items), empowerment (9 items), autonomy (7 items) and social support (8 items). The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 employing Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for burnout in contingent nurses was 3.05 points. Factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses were identified as job stress (${\beta}$=.40), satisfaction level with current ward (${\beta}$=-.25), organizational commitment (${\beta}$=-.21), job satisfaction (${\beta}$=-.19) and empowerment (${\beta}$=-.16). These factors explained 65.0% of burnout reported by contingent nurses. Conclusion: The results indicate which factors are major factors influencing burnout in contingent nurses in general hospitals. Therefore, these factors may serve as predictors of burnout in contingent nurses.