• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.208-208
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• 2017

No-tillage practices are expected to provide several benefits such as increasing soil organic matter, reducing labor time and saving energy cost compared with conventional tillage practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of no-tillage dry-seeding on rice growth and soil properties in comparison with other rice cultivation methods, machine transplanting and wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy. Rice seedling establishment was slightly higher in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment ($145seedling\;m^{-2}$) than wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment ($111seedling\;m^{-2}$), but the seedling establishment in both treatments fell within the optimum range for direct seeding rice cultivation. Plant height, number of tillers and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of rice in no-tillage dry-seeding treatment were higher than those of the other treatments. However, no significant differences in grain yield was observed among three cultivation methods, and the yield ranged 5.8 to $5.9ton\;ha^{-1}$. The heading date from seeding under no-tillage dry-seeding treatment was on average 109 days, which was similar to that under machine transplanting treatment (112 days), but 10 days later than that under wet-hill-seeding on puddled paddy treatment (99 days). Grain quality characteristics grown in no-tillage dry-seeding were similar to those grown in the other cultivation methods. These results indicate that no-tillage dry-seeding practice is comparable to conventional tillage system in terms of seedling establishment, growth, yields and grain quality.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1220-1225
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• 2011

논토양 종류가 메탄배출에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 적황색토인 화동통과 회색토인 신흥통을 공시하여 벼 재배기간중 메탄배출량, 산화환원전위 및 토양중 산화물 함량을 분석하였다. 적황색토에서 메탄배출이 회색토에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며, 산화환원전위는 상대적으로 높았다. 적황색토는 회색토에 비해 쉽게 환원될 수 있는 Active oxide 함량은 낮은 반면, 상대적으로 안정성이 높은 Free oxide의 함량이 높았다. 따라서 논토양 종류별 메탄배출은 벼 재배기간중 산화환원전위와 토양중 Geothite, Hematite 등과 같은 메탄산화제의 함량에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.317-317
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• 2009

The effects of environment-friendly materials carbonized rice hull and wood vinegar on the improvement of rice quality and soil fertility were investigated. Combined application of carbonized rice hull and chemical fertilizer resulted in lower protein in rice, similar amylose content and generally higher palatability values. Combined application of wood vinegar and chemical fertilizer obtained high protein and amylose contents, and palatability values. However, both carbonized rice hull and wood vinegar did not exhibit weed control. In the carbonized rice hull treatments, soil K was high during heading stage while soil pH during harvest stage was low. In the case of wood vinegar treatments, clear distinction between total K and Ca was observed. K was high during tillering stage while Ca was high until harvest stage.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.399-411
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• 2007

Korean organic farming has been well developed over the last two decades. It demonstrates that the number of certificated farm for organic agriculture and products have been drastically increased in recent year. However, the organic farmers have thought that organic farming rely only on organic fertilizer and they don't keep organic farming principle in which organic farmer should enhance biological activity and crop rotation. This study was to compare nutrient input, recommendation, cropping system and organic product circulation between the early $20^{th}$ century and beginning of the $21^{st}$ century. The population of Korea has increased 7.3 times more than that of a century ago but cultivated land has been decreased during 100 years. The rice production in 2002 was 4.2 times higher than that of production in 1912. The input of N, P and K in 1907 on the basis of King's suggestion was 95.6kg/ha, 15.9kg/ha and 3.0kg/ha, respectively. Nitrogen came from excreta (40%), green manure (55%) and compost (5%) in the early 20th century. On the other hand, organic farmer input organic resources such as wood chip (30.1%), compost (27.8%), rice straw (14%) and others (25%) these days. In terms of nutrient balance calculated nutrient and absorption by plants, organic rice farmer apply excessive nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil. They was used to put $7{\sim}10$ times more nitrogen than that of a century ago. Nutrient recommendation was similar in N and P between early 20th century and early $21^{st}$ century. Farmers in both century did not rotate crops in the field. Today, organic farmers engaged in more continuous cultivation than in early 20th century. Farmers in the early $20^{th}$ century produced locally, consumed locally the agricultural products, but organic farmers in the $21^{st}$ century produce the organic product in the local farmland and consumed in the large city and also a lot of foreign organic products have been imported in recent year.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 1999

No-till direct-sown rice-wheat relaying cropping system has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating tillage and preparation of seed bed and transplanting. In this system, rice sowing was done simultaneously wheat harvesting. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of no-till years on soil microbial changes and soil physico-chemical characteristics with rice growth and development. Chemical fertilizers and agricultrual chemicals was not applied in no-till system. As the year in no-till direct-sown system the air permeability was increased and after water submerging soluble nitrogen was released Aerobic microbial-n was highest in May and then decreased after water irrigation. The population of aerobic soil microorganisms were steeply decreased after water submerging Soil microorganisms was decreased with the increased the soil depth. A month was needed for the seedling establishment in a no-tillage rice-wheat cropping system. Increased cropping years improved leaf greenness and leaf area index(LAI). But stomatal conductance(Gc) was higher in conventional cultivation system than no-till system. Stomatal conductance at panicle initiation stage was increased higher in conventional condition of leaves but the difference between conventional and no-till system was increased at heading stage. In no-till 4 years condition rice grain yield was spikelet numbers per panicle.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

농경지에 작물재배를 위한 양분재료의 과다한 투여는 주변 수계로의 양분유출을 증가시킬 수 있다. 고추재배시 사용되는 양분재료는 화학비료, 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비 등이 대표적이다. 볏짚은 벼 재배의 부산물로 밭 농사에서 잡초발생 억제, 토양수분 보존, 유기물 재료로 널리 사용된다. 본 연구는 노지 고추 재배에서 밭 고랑을 볏짚으로 피복할 때 강우로 발생하는 표면 유출수에 의한 양분유출 특성을 파악하기 위해 수행하였다. 시험구는 양분재료를 기준으로 하여 화학비료, 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비로 구분하였고 양분투입량은 토양검정 시비량에 준하여 처리하였다. 각각의 시험구는 화학비료 또는 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비를 시용한 후 볏짚으로 덮은 경우(피복 처리구)와 덮지 않은 경우(무피복구)로 구분하였다. 화학비료 처리구와 우분퇴비 처리구의 볏짚 고랑 피복 처리는 무피복구 보다 T-N (총질소)의 유출이 각각 $1.4kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$ 감소하였다. 반면에 화학비료 처리구와 우분퇴비 처리구, 돈분퇴비 처리구의 볏짚고랑 피복 처리는 무피복구 보다 T-P (총인)의 유출이 각각 $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, $2.1kg\;ha^{-1}$, $0.2kg\;ha^{-1}$ 증가하였다. 볏짚은 질소 0.4 %, 인산을 0.3 % 함유하고 있고 증류수에 볏짚을 담근 후 3주일 내에 인산 성분이 유출되므로 T-P의 유출은 고랑을 피복한 볏짚에서 기원한 것으로 추정된다. 무피복구에 비하여 고랑 볏짚 피복구는 잡초발생이 줄었다. 그러나 붉은 고추의 수확량은 무피복구와 볏짚피복구 간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로, 고추밭 고랑을 볏짚으로 과다하게 피복하면 T-P의 유출을 유발할 수 있으므로 고랑을 피복하는데 적정한 볏짚량을 산정하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2013

본 실험은 중부지방에서 벼 재배 시 유기 우분의 연용과 화학비료 시용이 유기 벼의 생산성, 볏짚의 사료가치 및 가축사육능력에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 유기 벼의 생초수량, 건물수량, 식물 1개체 당 낱알의 건물 중 및 개수는 1, 2년차에는 화학비료 시용구가 유의하게 높았으나(p<0.05), 3년차에는 각 시험구 간 유의차는 없었다. 또한 수확지수는 3년 모두 화학비료 시용구가 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 해가 거듭할수록 각 시험구 간의 차이가 약간 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 또한 단위면적당 가축사육능력은 $K_{CP}$와 $K_{TDN}$의 평균값으로 비교해 보았을 때, 화학비료 시용구가 높은 값을 보였고, 각 시험구 간의 차이는 점점 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 특히 $K_{ME}$의 경우 3년차에 우분 시용구가 유의한 차이는 없었지만 높은 값을 보이기도 하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 중부 지방에서 유기 벼 재배 시 우분을 연용 했을 경우, 처음 1, 2년은 화학비료를 시용했을 때 보다는 수량이 낮았지만 3년차부터는 화학비료를 시용했을 때와의 격차가 줄어들기 시작하였으며, 추후 우분을 연용한다면 그 격차는 더욱 줄어들 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2009

Various cultural practices have been promoted as management options for enhancing soil quality and health. The use of soil management methods can cause changes in fertility by affecting soil chemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate interactions between soil chemical properties and soil management methods in protected cultivation, and to classify soil management methods that similarly affect soil chemical properties. Water-logging and irrigation reduced soil pH and available $P_2O_5$ content. Application of animal manures has a positive effect on levels of organic matter, Av.$P_2O_5$, K, Zn, and Cu. The electrical conductivites tened to be low in the application of organic amendments, including rice and wood residues. Deeper plowing caused a reduction in Ca content. Practicing soil nutrient-considering fertilization and fertigation did not exert an influence on nutrient element contents. In a cluster analysis of the soil management methods according to major nutrients, low similarities were found with deeper plowing and crop rotation with rice in comparison with other practices. In a cluster analysis by minor nutrient characteristics, crop rotation and application of animal manures and rice residues were linked at a high Ward's distance, while other practices were found to be relatively low distinct. Each soil management method has a similar or different effect on soil chemical properties. These results suggest the necessity of establishing limits and standards according to the effects of soil management methods on soil chemical properties for economic soil practices.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2012

2011년 전북 군산과 익산 지역의 관행농, 무농약, 유기농 농가를 대상으로 영농방법별로 쌀 생산 과정 중 투입 배출되는 물질 목록을 면접조사하여 전과정평가를 수행하고 쌀 생산체계에 대한 영농방법별 환경영향을 평가하고 탄소배출량을 비교 분석하였다. 전과정 목록분석 결과 $CO_2$ 배출은 화학비료 생산과 벼 재배단계에서 가장 많았고, $CH_4$과 $N_2O$ 배출은 대부분 벼 재배 중에 발생되었다. 쌀 (조곡) 1 kg 생산을 기준으로 하는 탄소성적은 관행농이 1.01E+00 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았고, 무농약이 5.37E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, 유기농법이 6.58E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$였다. 농자재 투입량이 가장 적었던 무농약 쌀 생산에서 탄소성적이 가장 낮았고, 생산량은 가장 적었지만 복비투입이 없었던 유기농이 관행농보다 탄소성적이 낮았다. 관행농과 무농약 쌀 생산체계에서 온실가스 배출 주요 요인은 복비생산과 벼 재배 중 $CH_4$ 발생이었고, 유기농에서는 벼 재배 중 농기계 연료사용과 논토양 $CH_4$ 발생이었다. 그러므로 온실가스 감축을 위한 영농방법 활용으로 복합비료 적정량 사용을 위한 맞춤형 비료의 권장 및 벼논 물관리에 의한 메탄발생 저감방법 등을 제안하며, 더불어 유기농법에서는 수확량 향상을 위한 생산 효율성 증대와, 벼 재배 단계에서 농기계 연료 효율성 증대 활용에 관한 연구가 요구되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 1999

The major flavor compounds of Takju mash which was brewed with a modified Nuruk made by inocu-lation and cultivation of Rhizopus japonicus T2, Aspergillus oryzae L2 and Hansenula sp. BC26 isolated from Nuruk, were analyzed, as compared with those with current fermenting agents such as commerical Nur-uk and rice koji of Aspergillus kawachii. The contents of isoamyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol and ethyl acet-ate which were known as aroma compounds in Takju were much higher in mash of modified Nuruk than in that of commercial Nuruk or ricd koji. The major organic acids were lactic fumalic and succinic acid in mash of modified and lactic and acetic acid in mash of commercial Nuruk and citric lactic and suc-cinic acid in mash of rice koji. The contents of total organic acids were 5,146mg/L, 1,706mg/L and 1, 388 mg/L in mash of commercial Nuruk rice koji and modified Nuruk respectively. The major free amino acids were glutamic acid alanine proline and histidine in mash of modified Nuruk and glutamic acid proline leucine and histidine in mash of commercial Nuruk and arginine proline and glutamic acid in mash of rice koji. The contents of total free amino acids were 14,090mg/L 12,202mg/L and 7,152 mg/L in mash of modified Nuruk commercial Nurcuk and rice koji respectively. Therefore it seemed that the Takju mash of modified Nuruk was better than that of commercial Nuruk or rice koji.